Analysis Of The Shipping Process Of Export Goods

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< p > strong > 1. maritime pport < /strong > /p >

< p > export pportation work, which is concluded on the basis of CIF or CFR conditions and arranged by the seller, the working procedures are as follows: < /p >

< p > (1) to examine the terms of shipment in the letter of credit: in order to make the shipment work smoothly, after receipt of the letter of credit, the relevant shipping clauses must be examined, such as the time of shipment, the date of settlement, the port of shipment, whether the destination port can be phipped or partial shipment, and whether the shipping companies, ship names, ship names and ship grades are designated. Some of the certificates require various kinds of certificates, such as airline certificates, ship certificates and so on.

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< p > (2) stock inspection: that is, according to the export paction contract and the provisions of the letter of credit relating to the variety, specifications, quantity, packaging and so on, we should prepare the export goods on time, quality and quantity, and do well in the application for inspection and certification.

Refrigerated goods should be cooled down to ensure that the temperature requirements are met when loading.

In China, any commodity that is included in the "species list" specified by the commodity inspection authorities and the commodities issued by the commodity inspection authority under the letter of credit and the trade contract shall apply for commodity inspection before the declaration of export is completed "< a href=" http://www.91se91.com/news/index_s.asp > > export < /a > inspection application.

Some export commodities need to be identified for weight, others need to enter into phytosanitary or sanitary operations, and safety inspection must be done in advance and qualified certificates should be obtained.

Do the preparatory work before shipment and complete the cargo certificate, so you can handle the consignment work.

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< p > (3) consignment booking: the export consignment is prepared, and the booking procedures can be made to the freight forwarder.

According to the specific requirements of the shipper, the freight forwarder categorized and ordered the shipping company to book the shipping space promptly.

The owner may also make a direct booking with the shipping company or his agent.

When the shipping company or its agent signs out the loading list, the completion of the booking work will mean that the pport contract between the shipper and the carrier has been concluded.

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< p > (4) Insurance: after the goods are properly booked, they are insured by the sellers, and they can go through the formalities for the insurance of cargo pportation risks.

The insurance amount is usually insured by the CIF price of the invoice (the total number is insured according to the agreement between the buyer and the seller, if not agreed, the insurance is generally added to 10%).

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< p > (5) cargo concentrated port area: when the ship's arrival port loading plan is confirmed, according to the port purchase notification and within the prescribed time limit, the consignor will complete the consignment procedures and export the goods to the port area in time and wait for shipment.

Attention should be paid to maintaining close ties with the port area, shipping companies and the relevant pport companies or railways, and completing the purchase on time, preventing the work from being disconnected and affecting the shipping progress.

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< p > (6) customs declaration work: after the goods are concentrated in the port area, the export declaration documents will be exported to the customs with the relevant documents such as loading list, invoice, packing list, commodity inspection certificate, export contract, foreign exchange cancellation certificate and so on.

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< p > (7) loading work: before loading, the tally clerk represents the ship, collects the loading list and receipt of the goods released by the customs, collects and loads the cargo according to the stowage plan and manifest.

In the course of shipment, the freight forwarder entrusted by the consignor shall be installed at the scene, ready to control the progress of the shipment and deal with the temporary problems.

After the loading is completed, the chief tallying leader will sign the invoice with the ship's chief mate and hand it over to the shipper.

If a taller discovers that a batch is defective or unpackaged, it is endorsed on the receipt and signed by the chief mate, so as to determine the liability of both parties.

However, as a consignor, we should try not to endorse the receipts in order to obtain clean bills of lading.

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< p > (8) after the shipment has been completed, the shipper will issue the shipping advice to the consignee, and then the goods can be exchanged for the on board bill of lading on the basis of the receiving unidirectional shipping company or its agent. At that time, the pport work will come to an end.

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< p > (9) to make a single settlement: if the documents of the foreign exchange stipulated in the contract or letter of credit are collected, the documents should be submitted to the bank for settlement in the validity period stipulated in the contract or letter of credit.

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< p > < strong > 2. container pportation export procedure: < /strong > < /p >

< p > (1) booking the cargo. The consignor, according to the terms of the trade contract or the terms and conditions of the letter of credit, will fill in the CONTAINER BOOKING NOTE within a certain time before the consignment of goods, entrust its agent or directly apply to the shipping company for booking.

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< p > (2) accept the application for consignment -- the shipping company or the agent company consider the requirements of the consignor according to its own capacity and route and decide whether to accept it or not. If it accepts the application, it will proceed to compile the booking list, then send the container yard (CY) and the container freight station (CFS) to arrange empty containers and handle the freight pfer.

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< p > (3) empty containers are issued. Empty containers are usually shipped from consignors to container terminals, and some owners have their own boxes. The empty containers of LCL cargo are handled by container terminals.

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< p > (4) LCL packing. The consignor will deliver the less than one carton of goods to the freight station. The cargo station will be responsible for packing according to the shipping list and the receipt of the station, and then the CONTAINER LOAD PLAN will be prepared by the packing person.

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< p > (5) pfer of whole container cargo -- the shipper is responsible for packing himself, and the whole container shipped with customs seal is shipped to CY.

CY check the DOCK RECEIPT D/R and packing list to check the goods according to the booking list.

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< p > (6) the container pfer visa --CY or CFS is signed on the receipt of goods and / or boxes, that is, the receipt of the station, and the returned D/R is returned to the consignor. < /p >

< p > (7) in exchange for the bill of lading, the shipper pfers the bill of lading (COMBINED TRANSPORT BILL OF LADING) to the container pport operator or its agent with D/R, and then goes to the bank to settle the foreign exchange settlement.

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< p > (8) loading. Container loading and unloading area according to loading conditions, formulate shipment plan, and adjust the shipped box to the front yard of container terminal. When the ship is on shore, it can ship shipment.

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< p > < strong > 3. major cargo documents and their production < /strong > < /p >

< p > (1) SHIPPING NOTE--B/N is known as the "down paper" in some areas, which is a document that the shipper has filled in according to the terms of the trade contract and the terms of the letter of credit, and is responsible for consignment of goods to the carrier or his agent.

According to the contents of the consignment note and the conditions of the shipping line, the port of attachment, the date of sailing and the shipping space, the carrier shall consider the consignment and accept the consignment accordingly.

Consignment note should be noted: < /p >

< p > (1) destination port: the name must be clear and specific and consistent with the description of the letter of credit. If a port of the same name is required, the country, region or state shall be designated after the name of the port.

If the letter of Credit stipulates that the destination port is OPTIONAL PORTS, it should be the basic port linked to the same voyage on the same route.

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< p > (2) pport number, that is, the number of the letter of attorney.

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< p > each shipper with import and export rights has a shipping code (usually commercial invoice number) for verification and financial settlement.

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< p > (3) the name of the goods is < /p >.

< p > should be filled out in two languages in Chinese and English according to the actual name of the goods. More importantly, it should be consistent with the names of the goods listed in the credit.

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< p > (4) mark and number, also known as SHIPPING MARK, is to facilitate identification of goods and prevent wrong delivery, usually by model, graphic goods receiving unit, short term, destination port, number or batch number etc.

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< p > (5) weight size.

The weight of the unit is kilograms, the size is cubic meter; < /p >.

< p > (6) pallet cargo should indicate the weight, size and weight of the goods separately, the size of the cargo itself, the size, and the volume, length, width and height of each cargo, and the weight of each piece, so that the freight company can calculate the cargo stowage factor and arrange the special loading equipment.

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< p > (7) freight payment.

Generally there are freight prepaid (FREIGHT PREPAID) and freight to pay (FREIGHT COLLECT).

Some phipment goods should be marked separately for one journey freight prepaid and two way freight to pay.

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< p > (8) pshipment, partial shipment, loading period and validity shall be specified in accordance with the L / C requirements.

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< p > (9) notify the consignee to decide whether to fill in as required.

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< p > (10) the relevant pport terms, booking, stowage, letter of credit, special requirements of customers should also be specified.

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< p > (2) loading list (SHIPPING ORDER--S/O) < /p >

< p > is a ship company which has accepted the shipper's application for shipment and has been issued to the shipper to order the captain to ship the cargo.

The loading list can be used as a basis for shipment and is also one of the main documents for the owner to handle export declaration procedures to the customs.

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< p > (3) receipt (MATES RECEIPT--M/R), < /p >

< p >, also known as mate's receipt, is the receipt that the ship receives the goods and the certificate that the goods have been shipped.

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< p > because the main items of the three documents mentioned above are basically the same, the practice of some major ports in China is to make them together and make them at a time, which can reduce workload and reduce errors.

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< p > (4) loading list (LOADING LIST) < /p >

< p > is the carrier's list of the cargo loaded on board according to the port of destination and the nature of the goods according to the bottom of the loading list. The summary list is compiled according to the voyage and the order of the port. It is the main basis for the master plan of the ship's cargo stowage, and it is also the business document for the tally of the tally, the arrangement of the barge by the Hong Kong side, the entry and exit of the warehouse and the situation of the carrier.

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< p > (5) Bill of lading (DELIVERY ORDER--D/O) < /p >

< p > also known as small bills of lading.

The consignee may, in accordance with the original bill of lading or duplicate bill of lading, exchange with the carrier or his agent with an effective guarantee, he may draw the certificate of the goods to the port handling department.

When issuing small bills of lading, the following should be done: (1) the original bill of lading is held by the lawful holder (2) the unclean endorsement on the bill of lading should be pferred to the small bill of lading.

(3) when the overflow is short, the consignee has the right to obtain the corresponding visa to the carrier or his agent.

(4) if the freight is not paid, the bill of lading should be issued after the consignee paid the freight and the related expenses.

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< p > (6) BILL OF LADING--B/L bill of lading is the receipt of goods (RECEIPT OF GOODS) issued by the carrier or her agent at the request of the shipper, which is issued after the receipt of the goods and proves that it has received the goods listed in the bill of lading; it is a certificate of ownership of goods (DOCUMENT OF TITLE).

The holder of the bill of lading may either withdraw the goods or negotiate with the bank, or pfer the goods before the arrival of the vessel at the port of destination. It is a proof of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper.

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< p > < strong > the type of bill of lading: < /strong > /p >

< p > 1. according to whether the goods have been shipped, they can be divided into SHIPPED ON BORAD B/L and standby bill of lading (RECEIVEDFOR SHIPMENT B/L).

The former refers to the bill of lading issued after the goods have been loaded on board, and the latter refers to the bill of lading issued by the carrier when it has taken over the goods and is ready for shipment, so it is also known as the bill of lading received.

In a trade contract, the buyer generally asks the seller to provide an on board bill of lading, because the name and date of shipment on the shipped Bill of lading are guaranteed for the consignee to receive the goods on time.

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< p > 2.. According to whether there is a bad mark on the outward appearance of the goods, the bill of lading can be divided into clean bill of lading (CLEANB/L) and unclean bill of lading (UNCLEAN OR FOUL).

The former refers to the bill of lading on the condition that the goods are in good condition when they are loaded and generally do not clearly indicate the defective endorsement of the goods and / or packages.

In foreign trade, banks are required to provide clean bills of lading for negotiation purposes when they are negotiating for security.

The latter refers to the bill of lading which has been endorsed by the carrier on the bill of lading, and the condition of the goods and / or packing is defective or defective.

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< p > 3. according to different modes of pportation, bills of lading can be divided into direct DIRECT (B/L), TRANSHIPMENT B/L, through bill of lading (THROUGH B//L) and combined pport bill of lading (COMBINED TRANSPORT B/L).

A direct bill of lading is a bill of lading issued by the carrier directly from the port of destination to the port of destination.

If the carrying vessel of the port of departure does not go directly to the port of destination, it must be changed at the port of phipment, and the bill of lading issued by another vessel when it arrives at the port of destination is called the phipment bill of lading.

If the goods need to be pported to the port of destination by two or more than two paragraphs, and one of them is shipped by sea, the bill of lading issued by sea, sea, sea or sea and sea is called intermodal bill of lading.

Therefore, the phipment bill of lading is actually one of the combined bills of lading.

Joint pport must be a cargo bill of lading issued by the carrier when the pportation is carried out in two or more than two different modes of pport.

Therefore, the combined pport bill of lading is also called the multimodal bill of lading.

At present, many shipping companies use the same format for combined bills of lading and combined pport bills of lading in actual business. Only when they are used as combined pport bills of lading, they must specify the port of departure and destination port on the bill of lading, and also specify the place of receipt, the place of delivery and the name of the preceding pport.

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< p > 4., according to the difference of the bill of lading, the bill of lading can be divided into STRAIGHT B/L, bearer bill of lading BEARER B/L and instruction B / L (ORDER B/L).

A straight bill of lading indicates the name of the consignee in the column of the consignee, so it is also known as the consignee's bill of lading, which can not be endorsed, but the goods can only be delivered to the consignee. The bearer bill of lading is the bill of lading which does not specify the name of the consignee on the bill of lading. Whoever holds the bill of lading will be able to extract the goods on the basis of the one-way carrier.

It is indicated that the consignee is not listed on the bill of lading, and can be pferred by endorsement, which is conducive to the turnover of capital and is more common in international trade.

The bill of lading endorsement (ENDORSMENT) has two kinds: blank endorsement and registered endorsement.

Blank endorsement is endorsed by the endorser (the bill of lading assignor) on the back of the bill of lading, endorsed by the endorser and the person in charge, but does not indicate the name of the endorser or the endorsement of the original bill of lading issuer.

Indicating that the bill of lading can be pferred by endorsement means that the endorser confirms the pfer of ownership of the bill of lading.

In addition to endorsement by endorser, blank endorsement, the name of the endorser must also be noted.

If the endorser pfers further, he must endorse it again.

The order of the bill of lading is made by the shipper's instructions, by the consignee's instructions and by < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > Import > /a > Bank instructions, etc., then the shipper, consignee or importer bank can endorse or take delivery after endorsement.

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< p > in addition, there are full bills of lading and simple bills of lading, freight prepaid bills of lading and freight to pay bills of lading, original bills of lading and duplicate bills of lading, bills of lading under the charter party, on board bills of lading, signed bills of lading, pre lading bills of lading and so on, which are not listed here.

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