Skills Of Perfecting And Perfecting Financial Planning

Many companies use double pay and three pay at the end of the year. Some companies will pay a bonus according to their work performance and performance for a year.

It's the best time.

For example, insurance protection is a frequently neglected part of many people's financial allocation.

Less than 30 years old this year, entering the first year of the year, the income has increased, and the responsibility on shoulders has also increased.

Although he and he already have social security, he also realizes that these basic safeguards are not enough to cover risks. He plans to use last year's bonus to complete the family security package.

If there are quite a few people like this, let's hurry up in the new year.

So, how to configure the basic from scratch?

What is the guarantee? The advice of financial experts is that we can start from the two products of life insurance and major diseases insurance, and establish the basic framework of protection.

Among them, the term life insurance is a basic insurance, which does not need too high.

And they can really protect themselves and their families.

The life insurance is basically determined by income method, that is to say, 5~7 times the annual income of the insured.

For example, less than the annual household income of about 200 thousand yuan, then the insured life of a regular life can be determined to be 1 million to 1 million 400 thousand yuan, which can be insured separately for themselves and their wives.

And the time of protection can be determined according to the main risk of the family. If the family owns the loan, the duration of the term life insurance can be consistent with the remaining period of the mortgage loan.

In addition, we need to consider the risk of major diseases. Medical expenditure is a risk that we must guard against. In general, the insured amount is determined to be between 200 thousand and 300 thousand yuan per person, which can basically cover the expenditure of major diseases. You can also determine the risk of serious illness or life long illness insurance products according to age and financial capacity.

After the basic insurance coverage is available, the insured can also increase the coverage of some medical insurance and pension insurance, and use the year-end bonus to help them improve their financial planning.

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Because of the low financing cost, Chinese enterprises show strong preference for equity financing.

Before listing, there is a strong impulse to seek initial public offerings and successful listing. After listing, they often choose equity financing methods such as rights issue or issuance.

In contrast, enterprises are not very keen on debt financing. Even if debt financing is carried out, they are forced out of the policy to raise the threshold of equity financing or suspend the issue, and give priority to short-term loans.

This choice preference is related to the difference between the two costs.

Studies have shown that considering the factors such as dividend payment and issuance cost, the cost of equity financing in China's enterprises is only about 2.4%, which is much lower than the cost of debt financing, resulting in a strong preference for equity financing.

The cost of debt financing mainly depends on the repayment of principal and interest within the prescribed time limit, while the cost of equity financing is mainly to distribute dividends to investors. The cost of their capital is actually only an opportunity cost and does not have a mandatory binding force.

Therefore, the management of listed companies naturally regards equity financing as a long-term low-cost source of capital without debt service.

Because the financing cost is low and easy to obtain, the listed companies blindly expand the main business, change the direction of investment arbitrarily, even invest the funds in unfamiliar or unrelated fields. Some listed companies directly or indirectly invest in the stock market by raising a large amount of funds raised through issuing stocks, and the funds have not really exerting their functions, resulting in huge waste of financing funds.

Secondly, the determination of the amount of enterprise financing is often very arbitrary.

Enterprises should issue funds for investment projects, but in fact, Chinese enterprises do not decide supply according to "demand". Instead, they decide the amount of financing according to the irrational way of "supply can decide demand", that is, the upper limit of financing can be given to them according to the policy requirements, and the funds needed for investment projects are poured out. As a result, there is a strange phenomenon of virtual financing projects or poor profitability projects, and even by raising funds to repay bank loans or to deposit interest on banks.

In the modern enterprise system, ownership and management rights are separated. If there is no effective manager incentive mechanism, the operator's pursuit of his private interests will easily deviate from the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth. The agency conflict between owners and managers is inevitable.

The shareholding ratio of management in our country is generally low, and managers have few shares. Some managers have a share but often have very few shares.

In addition, due to the lag of the system and the lag of the development of capital market, the application of stock option incentive measures in Chinese enterprises is not much, which leads to a huge agency cost. The interests of the managers and the interests of the shareholders will inevitably differ greatly.

Therefore, when making investment decisions, managers may be in pursuit of their own interests, such as expanding their reputation, improving their control and pursuing higher bonuses, which are contrary to the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth. Irrational investment and even abuse of funds will occur.

The lack of supervision mechanism in enterprise management is often the reason why funds are used too arbitrarily.

The board of supervisors is an indispensable organization of corporate governance structure, playing a role in monitoring the day-to-day management decisions of enterprises.

But in our country, supervisors are listed in the name of listed companies, to a large extent, in order to meet the requirements of governance structure.

Although the regulations give them greater supervision power, supervisors are in a rather awkward position. First, shareholders supervisors often come from managers or employees with relatively low shareholder level. Two, the staff representative supervisors inside the listed companies have no more say in the enterprises, and let the leading personnel supervise the daily operation of the listed companies.

For supervisors, a virtual job is the best choice.