What Kind Of Craftsman Spirit Does China Need?

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What kind of craftsman spirit does China need? Why did Li Keqiang specifically refer to the craftsman spirit in this year's government work report? Is it merely related to the supply side reform, or is it related to the future of China as a whole?

Zhu Qingshi, former president of University of Science & Technology China, once said, "a country or a society needs a variety of talents, including first-class scientists, professors, statesmen, and highly skilled workers such as workers, cooks and pilots."

Regardless of scientists, professors, politicians, or skilled workers, cooks, drivers, etc., in fact, all trades and professions need the spirit of craftsmen.

Craftsman spirit and great power as a great power

Many problems can be found in history with some accurate answers.

Qin, two thousand years ago, had the world's foremost craftsmen.

They made unified regulation weapons and opened up the road of unified regulation, which made Qin state stand out from the seven heroes of the Warring States and unify China.

Regarding the standardization of the production of Qin's weapons, we can find the answer from the Terracotta Army pits.

The answer is even shocking. More than two thousand years ago, Qin became the "superpower" that unified the six countries. The more than 40 thousand triangular arrows in the Terracotta Army pit were enough to illustrate the problem.

An extremely regular arrow with an average error of 0.83 mm in width.

The metal ratio is basically the same.

In other words, during the process of the expedition, the powerful Qin state had the same combat quality, whether in the north of the wilderness or in the south of the jungle jungle.

Mr. Wang Xueli, a librarian of the Shaanxi Museum of history and culture, found that "the manufacture of weapons in the Qin Dynasty has been specialized. It includes not only the meticulous and strict procedures of the casting, mechanical processing and surface treatment of these weapons, but also the production technology of carpentry and leather, all of which are produced in accordance with the prescribed standards."

In Wang Xueli's view, Qin weapons have tended to specialization, product standardization, production serialization and parts generalization.

"Although there is still a great gap between the standards of" standardization "as we speak today, it is extremely imperfect and rigorous, but it is a product of history, enlightening the role of the next building.

In the era of Qin Dynasty, the military management system of Qin state was divided into four levels: from the gang, the engineer, the chief engineer to the craftsmen, all levels of responsibility. Any quality problem could be found by the name carved on the weapon.

It is precisely because each craftsman names his product on his own that he can still find out who the ancient working people are.

Standardization is the cornerstone of modern industry and the foundation of innovation.

At the same time of unifying weights and measures, Qin Zhiwei greatly standardized his weapons industry with modern significance.

Therefore, its expedition can be invincible and unconquering. Qin's leading six countries are epoch-making.

The Chinese nation is a precocious nation. From the powerful weapons of the Qin Dynasty to the imperial palace buildings in the past dynasties and the shipbuilding industry in the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing, Zheng He's treasure ship was pported to the Western seven, behind which is the collective wisdom and craftsmanship of great powers craftsmen.

History can not be assumed. However, it is still assumed that assuming that there is a little deviation in the thousands of years of human civilization, assuming that there is a little deviation in the thousands of years of human civilization, assuming that the standardization of Qin people can be passed on, assuming that the urbanization of the song Dynasty can continue, will China's four great inventions enter the industrial revolution hundreds of years earlier than the west?

Unfortunately, the industrial revolution was born in the West.

After the Renaissance and the industrial revolution, Chinese people were lagging behind.

Even the spirit of local artisans since Qin and Han Dynasties has been lost in some fields.

The industrial revolution started in the British Isles and swept the continent to catalyse North America.

James Watt, who made the early industrial steam engine, and Thomas Edison, who invented the electric light, even found a commonality in the near future Bill Gate and Steve Jobs.

They are inventors and super craftsmen.

While creating their own businesses, they are also creating wealth for the country and for human innovation.

They inherited the skills of their predecessors, and I and later generations of their invention standardization, so that the invention of heritage.

Gates and Jobs are no exception. After all, programmers are no more than a modern ordinary business. They have a lot of similarities with Watt and Edison.

Back to the Renaissance, as a great master of painting, Michelangelo was also an excellent architect. He painted Monalisa, Da Finch, and was no longer the genius of technology.

Since then, handicrafts in the Apennines have become popular in the world.

It can be said that the place with the best craftsmen is the place where vigor and creativity lie.

Hong Kong University Science & Technology professor Ding Xueliang even said with emotion: "Schumacher, Schneider, Schmidt, Muller, Steinmann......"

What do these popular German surnames have in common? In German, they represent a craftsmanship: shoemaker, tailor, blacksmith, Miller and Mason.

From the middle ages, the teacher brought several apprentices to craft, and became the professional norm of the Germans.

Time shifted, industrialization replaced small workshops, but the basic spirit of craftsmen did not change.

Germany is so, so is Britain and America. Smith Taylor, Cooper and Carpenter also represent a door skill: blacksmith, tailor, Cooper, carpenter.

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There are few such surnames in China. The industrial revolution in China has not been long enough. The small-scale peasant economy is self-sufficient and even used to the usual days of ease. Since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, even the red cannon that could be produced at the end of the Ming Dynasty has been lost for a long time.

It is no wonder that Chen Shenglai, the president of the Shanghai International Cultural Association and the researcher of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, thinks that China, now a big manufacturing country, lacks the craftsman spirit. "China's industrial civilization has been tardy. Now we propose to promote the craftsmen's spirit to repair China's lack of early industrial civilization.

The culture and idea of the modern enterprise no longer pursue the big and the whole, but pay more attention to the special, refined and special.

A group of Chinese consumer groups who focus on high quality and high performance without stint at high prices are being formed. They will also call for the craftsmanship spirit.

Advocating the spirit of craftsmen should also become the pursuit of our society.

Chen Shenglai said so.

In the instructions issued by Li Keqiang to the second China Quality Award Presentation Conference in March this year, there is such a saying: "quality development is the foundation of a strong nation, the foundation of career creation and the need for pformation."

All walks of life should learn from the winning organizations and individuals, carry forward the spirit of craftsmen, climb the peak of quality, create more famous brands that satisfy consumers' satisfaction, and strive for excellence and quality in order to become the value orientation and spirit of the whole society and the whole nation. "

The spirit of craftsmen is a great power as a great power, and a great power as a powerful nation.

This is true in history. So is the future? Is it so? It can be said that it is still the case.

Industry 4.

Or even if all these are successfully realized, will manual labour be thrown away in the foreseeable future? Of course not.

Moreover, the spirit of craftsmen is a spirit, manual workers need, mental workers also need this spirit, meticulous and meticulous, so that every work is up to standard.

It can be said that without the spirit of craftsmen, there will be no future of industrial 4.

Recently, the reporter interviewed the Shanghai inspection and Quarantine Bureau staff to Hingit Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in Shanghai.

Dr. Yang Jun, founder of the company, told reporters: "we are developing domestic biological tissue heart valves, mainly imported bovine heart bags from Australia to manufacture artificial heart valves."

Today, 95% of China's heart valves use mechanical valves, and patients use mechanical valves to take anticoagulant drugs for life.

After the use of bovine pericardial valves, patients are usually the same as normal people.

Although it is such a high-tech product, Yang Jun, who is specific to the production of bioprosthetic valves, said: "no special educational requirements and other requirements, as long as calm, can accept the company's training.

As for income, it is actually not low. "

The reporter learned that with the birth of hinggit, the operators who came to work must earn more than the average college graduates.

Most of them are born in Nanhui after the birth of the 80 generation of women, they are diligent, careful, plus fertility want to pursue a stable job.

And how many needles and how long the needles are needed to make the heart valve is very clear.

Under the microscope, sewing closely with the Qin people to make arrows and crossbows is just like passing through time and space.

Yang Jun told reporters: "in the foreseeable future, manual labor will not disappear."

In fact, not only will it not disappear, manual labor may still be a decisive factor in the contest among big powers.

As far as the Pearl on the crown of the aviation industry is concerned, aircraft engines, small beads on the tip of a ball point pen, do not represent the skills of a country's top craftsmen.

Conscientious dedication and inheritance are the foundation of a craftsman.

In 1990s, there was a program called "surfing intelligence" on Shanghai TV.

One of them is called copy not out of shape.

However, every guest always copies away.

A sample is still out of sight at a glance, not to mention a process and technology inheritance, and even heritage for 200 years.

Therefore, the spirit of craftsmen is indeed not easy.

Lian Hongyang, a commentator, regards the spirit of craftsmen in this way: "artisan spirit lies on the personal level, which is a serious spirit and dedication spirit.

The core of the so-called craftsman spirit is not only to regard work as a tool for making money, but to establish a spirit of meticulous work, dedication and refinement.

Extreme attention to detail, constantly pursue perfection and perfection, give customers the impeccable experience and make a first class product that touches people's heart.

In contrast to the craftsman spirit, it is "almost spiritual" - content is 90%, almost done, not pursuing 100%.

There are two countries in the contemporary era, whose industrial products leave a good impression on the people of the world.

One is Germany, the other is Japan.

Of course, Germany did not have to say.

Its manufacturing industry was once unequalled.

At the end of the 1990s, when China's new air conditioning train 25G entered the first factory repair cycle, the railway workers found that trains, such as electric tea stoves and air conditioning electric heating equipment, needed to be repaired, many of them even need to be replaced, such as the tea stove liner, electric heating wire and so on.

However, in the same way, the East German production 24 train, which is also in factory maintenance, though the production time is even older, and the modernization of some equipment is not as good as 25G. But the imported cars in 1980s have no need to replace the materials. As long as the service life is not available, they can all be used normally. Look at the outside wall of the train, 25G type shows a shrunken pond in the sunset, while the outer wall of the model 24 car looks like a mirror.

"Two Germany has been unified for a number of years, but the East German car is still so good! It's still a relatively backward East German model. If West Germany's car, it can hardly be imagined."

At that time, railway people were so impressed.

At the same time, the financial staff can easily calculate an account. Even if the price is expensive at the beginning, the total cost of the whole life cycle of the 24 type train is very low because of the low maintenance cost.

While 25G trains are on the contrary, they are cheap and cheap.

Not only that, but the material waste caused by maintenance and replacement is quite amazing.

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As time goes by, China's high-speed rail EMU now adopts the world's advanced stamping technology.

German goods seem to have no advantage in this regard.

However, the dedication and seriousness of German workers still keep the Chinese people in the air.

Ding Xueliang said: "German craftsmen focus on the daily maintenance of equipment.

My old classmate, Professor Yao, senior professor of Zhejiang University, often went to Germany to investigate. He went to a special store and a bank. He accidentally ran into a glass door cabinet. Because he did not look carefully, there was no obstacle in front of him. The primary school disciple of high-grade shops and banks in Germany had to start with learning to wipe the glass for three years, until he could wipe the glass counters and windows to the purity of dust and stains which could not be seen, and bumped into white ones.

The so-called "meticulous, spotless" craftsman spirit is so inherited!

The reason why German manufacturing is "tough" is closely related to German stereotypes from a cultural perspective.

The writer Mark Twin even said, "German jokes are not jokes at all."

This "rigid" in life or interpersonal communication is not flexible, unchangeable and boring. It becomes a meticulous professional dedication in the work.

Mr. Xu Ping, a senior TV planner, told reporters about the story of a Japanese old lady he had witnessed. From this we can see Japanese understanding of craftsman spirit.

"That's the end," Xu Ping concluded.

Xu Ping met Mrs. Kubo Masa in the middle of 1990s.

At that time, Kubo Masa, who had been fond of Chinese blue printed cloth, had gone to the south of the Yangtze River specially to study the craft of blue printed cloth.

She carefully understood the process of indigo, for example, how much lime was put in natural indigo, so as to achieve the effect.

And what are the advantages of natural indigo to humans?

The old man even collected many old cloth such as bamboo, linen, silk, cotton and even some blue printed cloth made of machine woven cloth in twentieth Century.

Soon after, Kubo Masa opened his own studio.

The modern blue print made by her has become a favorite of the upper middle class women in Japan, and even has entered the local high island department store.

However, Kubo Masa was rather worried about the source of raw materials.

It turned out that suppliers from township enterprises in China were always Jerry building.

Xu Ping recalls: "for example, if you want to keep your clothes warm, you just need to scroll through the washing machine several times until you don't fade. It's not hard to do that.

But for a while, it always fades. "

Kubo Masana, invite the directors of China to Japan to wash hot springs and experience the exquisite Japanese life.

Unfortunately, the factory directors who returned to China are still unable to supply fabrics that do not fade. At that time, the directors only realized the high price in Japan, but did not realize that delicate life must have exquisite products.

The old lady's painstaking efforts failed.

Long bao yarn had to be supervised personally, and even the usual gentle old lady once lost her temper.

"The old lady did not understand why the Chinese who had invented so many good things unexpectedly could not meet her demands."

Xu Ping said.

In fact, looking back at the early stage of Japan's industrialization, its products were also famous for its low-grade goods and rough manufacturing.

At the beginning of twentieth Century, in the Chinese market, the quality of the east foreign goods was twice higher than that of the Anglo American products.

However, after a period of early imitation and Shanzhai, Japanese industry has been developing step by step to seek innovation.

Before seeking innovation, the "one track" character of its people has been integrated into industrial production.

Lian Hongyang commented: "Japanese style management has a unique skill: with an attitude of excellence, the spirit of love for work is passed down from generation to generation."

In recent years, many Chinese people have gone to Japan to buy rice cookers.

A painter from Shanghai, who lives in Japan all the year round, told reporters: "actually, the rice cooked in Japanese rice cooker is delicious. There are not many secrets.

One is thick enough to meet production standards.

On the other hand, the amount of water used by the Japanese in measuring rice and cooking is more careful, that is to say, cooking at home is also standardized.

You can cook well in Shanghai with a homemade rice cooker, like the Japanese, and you can also get good results.

If you buy the rice cooker from Japan and go back to China, if you do not pay attention to it, the rice cooker will be broken down, not only the rice is not cooked, but also the Chinese alternating current is 220 volts and Japan is 110 volts.

Something like this happened to me. "

Conscientiously and professionally, even housewives cook the same job, and then carry them down from generation to generation, which also achieves the ideal effect of cooking a good meal.

Looking back at China, who cooks so carefully? In Chinese history, there are many interpretations of craftsmen.

A commendatory person -- a craftsman, a master craftsman and a craftsman.

However, to the "craftsman" itself, in Japan, there is an understanding of inheritance and awe of the industry.

Zhang Shaojun, an associate professor of College of Visual Arts in Shanghai, studied in Japan in early years and studied at Tama University of fine arts.

In his eyes, the Japanese traditional artisans, not only have the name of the master, but also the master status granted by the academic circles.

Zhang Shaojun told reporters: "for example, the master of dyeing cloth, Kamakura Hotaro, the master of the clothes, the men of the willow are digging willows, they have all published their own works, and printed the copperplate paper."

The so-called "clothing human shape" is actually a doll.

Can an old lady making a doll become a master?

"Let's take a closer look at her collection of works -- handmade wood carving dolls, cloth made homemade clothes, old lady's life experience and aesthetic experience, all of which are gathered here. Isn't this a real master of Arts and crafts?" in Zhang's view, this is Japan's national treasure and even the treasure of all mankind.

Even cooking, in Japan has been born like Zhang Shaojun said baby.

Ono Jiro of Tokyo, who has been a sushi for most of his life, is called "the God of sushi".

To ensure the temperature, the hot towels before meals are screwed by the apprenticeship. To ensure the taste of rice, the pressure on the lid of the cooker needs to be opened with both hands. The seemingly simple activity of fried eggs is from the hands of ten years of experience. The shrimp were cooked in the morning and placed in the fridge until they were removed before serving the dishes. Now it is time to cook the shrimps before the guests are patronized. The octopus massage time is increased from half an hour to three minutes, only to make the meat soft and fragrant.

Focusing on sushi for sixty years, diners do not taste sushi, but Ono Jiro's craftsman spirit: constantly repeating in order to reach a new peak.

This is not a national treasure.

In Zhang Shaojun's view, Japanese aesthetic and Chinese aesthetic are essentially oriental aesthetics.

For example, China has ink and wash paintings, and Japan also has ink and wash paintings. For example, there are dry brushes in Chinese paintings and calligraphy, and there are also dry mountains and waters in Japanese ink paintings.

Although they show different aesthetic opinions of Oriental peoples, there are many similarities in their pursuit of accidental effects.

Conscientious dedication and inheritance are the foundation of a craftsman. If the whole Chinese nation can care about this as the Japanese do, will China not be more prosperous than Japan with a deeper history and cultural heritage and richer human resources?

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Fortunately, the Chinese have already realized this point.

In April 5th, at the "Sino Swiss innovation and Intelligent Manufacturing Forum" held at the Lingang campus of Shanghai Dian Ji University, Lin Zhongqin, executive vice president of the Chinese Academy of engineering and vice president of Shanghai Jiaotong University, made a report entitled "made in China 2025 and intelligent manufacturing".

He introduced the state's implementation of the innovation driven development strategy and the importance and urgency of accelerating the construction of a manufacturing power, and pointed out that intelligent manufacturing can bring about changes in product development mode, manufacturing system, production factors, product production mode, and product itself.

"Shanghai's manufacturing industry is in urgent need of pformation and upgrading to enhance competitiveness. The construction of Shanghai science and technology innovation center is imminent. Port as an intelligent manufacturing bearing area should promote the construction of an international intelligent manufacturing center."

All these require the great powers of the new age to stand out from the craftsmen.

A journalist from Shanghai Dian Ji University, who was in charge of employment and entrepreneurship in 2016, showed that graduates from schools were welcomed by various units of the electrical group, large aircraft manufacturing enterprises, Shanghai Metro and Zhenhua heavy industries.

"We are cultivating a new generation of highly educated craftsmen, and the employment rate is even higher than that of some famous universities."

An intern teacher said.

In the school training base, looking at the same environment as modern chemical plant, people feel that this statement is not empty.

Innovation is the greatest value of originality.

"In the United States, welders or diesel repairmen often earn more than primary office white-collar workers, some even 2 or 3 times higher.

Because there are so few people who have technology, we have a wrong understanding of knowledge work and technology work. If a job is dirty, people will easily think this job is stupid.

But the fact is that technical workers need to think very much, which is why their incomes are relatively high.

And many office jobs are becoming more and more stupid, which is the reason why their income is low, although getting the job requires a college degree. "

Lian Hongyang said, "some people are prejudiced against the craftsmen, and think that the work done by the craftsmen is repetitive and not creative.

But this is not the case. "

"I feel that I have chosen this path of entrepreneurship not only to make myself more deeply aware of things, but also to have their own value, and hope that this experience can be made by themselves and people to let the world know that the birth of every object is accompanied by the hardships, thinking and dedication of designers and manufacturers."

Wang Chenguan, who was born in 1988, is now working with a 60 year designer, Arno, from Taiwan, China to create a platform for traditional wooden handicraft products.

He studied art and design at Fudan University, and then obtained environmental art in Donghua University.

Master's degree and his master's degree in interior design from the European School of design in Italy, however, Wang Chenguan did not want to return to Shanghai as an office white-collar.

Its so-called traditional wooden handicraft product platform is located in Fengxian West ferry.

There are many large and small furniture factories nearby.

To some extent, Wang Chenguan is a highly educated carpenter.

A few days ago, in the Lok Bo space of Longhua West Road, the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission's innovation fund declaration and cum guest exchange conference, Wang Chenguan told reporters: "craftsman is a producer of things, and even a designer. He should be respected in the manufacturing process.

If you understand the craftsman's spirit, you will not throw away the purchased goods.

Looking back at history, not only a single product can not get rid of the relationship of manpower production. In the process of industrialization of a country or a nation, the inheritance and innovation of all kinds of skilled craftsmen support the whole industrial system from small to large and even to scale.

In 1949, when People's Republic of China was established, a complete industrial system was established before the reform and opening up.

Whether it is "two bombs and one star", or a car or tractor, or a small watch or a radio, it embodies the wisdom and spirit of the Chinese working class.

The CCTV documentary "big power craftsmen" is also popular. It also shows that China still has great power craftsmen who are proud of the world's attention.

Gao Fenglin, a senior technician in the long march rocket welding engine, is able to weld on the thin steel plate of the kraft paper without any leakage.

In 1995, he joined in the work of becoming a migrant worker in Yanan. He participated in the construction of one of the world's three largest lifeboat companies -- the Beihai shipyard in Qingdao and the largest container pshipment port in the country, such as Qian WAN port.

In pursuit of the craftsmanship of his craft, he made the submarine tunnel the platform for his dream.

In the past 30 years, Zhou Donghong has maintained a record of 100% of finished products. The paper he processed has also become a famous painter of Han Meilin and Liu Dawei and the "imperial painting paper" of the National Academy of painting.

Hu Shuangqian created one hundred percent amazing records of polished parts.

On the first prototype of China's new generation of large aircraft C919, there are many new pieces of "unprecedented" brand worn by old Hu's hands.

Meng Jianfeng, millions of times, carve an amazing silk scarf.

Zhang Dongwei, the quality of welding is 100% guaranteed and the appearance is perfect.

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Ning Yun exhibition is the chief grinding engineer of CRH380A. It is the first worker in China to engage in the "positioning arm" grinding of high-speed rail bogie, and is known as the "originator" by its peers.

Gu Qiuliang, he is the only one who can achieve precision in China.

The eight craftsmen who love their jobs and dedicated work are the myth created by their superb skills.

For decades, they have pursued the acme of vocational skills, relying on Inheritance and research, with dedication and perseverence, they are all obscure and taciturn people. When CCTV broadcast the program, many netizens shouted "originally China has such a person".

China's industrial system is more than N times bigger than the craftsmen.

And innovation is to make a nation more dynamic.

Innovation tends to be more powerful in the market economy.

For example, Xu Ping once said that Kubo Masa had contradictions with him.

The reason is that he thinks that women's clothing made of blue printed cloth should have more curvy waist.

However, she doesn't think so. She hopes to make a dress with a straight waist.

"In 1990s, Shanghai could afford high-end clothing, actually young people, such as white-collar workers and petty bourgeoisie of multinational companies.

The high consumption group in Japan is a middle-aged lady.

Xu Ping told reporters.

Kubo Masa's design was mainly for the Japanese market.

There is no mistake in starting product development from the market.

Kubo Masama carries out design innovation based on this point.

In studying the reasons for the refinement of Japanese products, American management scientist Potter pointed out that Japanese women are similar to harsh "picky" behavior when shopping, which is an important external pressure and power for Japanese manufacturers to improve their product quality.

Liu Zhibiao, a professor at the school of economics, Nanjing University, also believes that such criticism has promoted innovation.

The establishment of the craftsman spirit and craftsman system mainly depends on the management and management of the market system.

For example, if the government does not deal with the violation of intellectual property rights in the market, it is equivalent to indulging in such acts in a disguised manner. The illegal cost of imitating infringers is low, and the profits from illegal activities will be very high. Finally, bad money will be banished from good money, so that the market will be full of counterfeiting, imitation, stealing and reducing materials.

"Liu Zhibiao thinks so.

"As you mentioned just now, we must protect business secrets and personal privacy in developing big data industries.

I would like to share my privacy with my friends here.

Premier Li Keqiang said that he opened his suit jacket slightly and made an exhibition of the famous big coffee from the global information industry. "My suit is made by Chinese enterprises, and it is also related to big data."

The scene took place on the afternoon of May 24th, when Li Keqiang attended a dialogue meeting with important guests attending the China big data industry summit and the China e-commerce innovation and development summit in Guiyang.

The prime minister said that he asked the head of the clothing company a few years ago whether he had made the tailoring of suits more consistent with the figure of the Chinese people through data collection and analysis. The official replied that they had collected about 2000000 sample data, but if the data could be increased to about 20000000, "our suit can certainly do better."

The craftsmanship spirit needs meticulous, down-to-earth production and technological innovation, and must not be a bit of a fraud. The craftsman spirit needs patience and concentration, and has the most stringent testing standards for products.

This is the way to treat the prime minister's suits, and to treat any product that faces the public.

Without the spirit of craftsmen, great powers can not rise.

Without the spirit of craftsmen, it is difficult for individuals to develop.

The age calls for the craftsmen spirit, and the place with the best craftsmen is the place where energy and creativity lie.