80% Of People Do Not Fully Understand The Application Of Biomass Fiber In Knitting Industry.

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In recent years, China's biomass fiber, namely regenerated cellulose fiber and regenerated protein fiber, has developed greatly, mainly in the development of quantity, but there is no obvious change in the upgrading of quality.

In this paper, the development status, existing problems and Countermeasures of regenerated cellulose fiber and regenerated protein fiber are mainly discussed.

Regenerated cellulose fiber

Regenerated cellulose fibers are based on

Overseas situation

Austria Lenzing Group is the world leader in the production of regenerated cellulose fibers. It is a large multinational company, founded in 1938 and headquartered in Austria. Its cellulose fiber production accounts for the world.

More than 25%.

In addition, Japan developed milk fiber, bamboo fiber and cereal fiber in the early 1980s. In the early twenty-first Century, it developed towards functional direction, and developed functional fibers, such as hygroscopic, heat, cool and antibacterial, such as EKS hygroscopic and heating fibers, and lissai fibers (modified viscose fiber).

German Cohen company has developed Villev special cellulose fiber and so on.

The new smart fiber developed by the US space agency Outlast is phase change temperature control fiber, which was successfully developed in 1988, and used in outdoor clothing in 1997. It entered China in early twenty-first Century.

Domestic situation

The entry of Lenzing Co's modal and Tencel stimulates and promotes the development of regenerated cellulose fibers in China.

In the early twenty-first Century, with the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the world's excellent cellulose fiber modal and Tencel entered China.

Its excellent quality and advanced fiber technology quickly won the market and developed rapidly, which greatly stimulated domestic fiber enterprises.

Through imitation and innovation, over the past 10 years, a series of new regenerated cellulose fibers and regenerated protein fibers have been developed in China.

By species

A. plants

Denier and super fine viscose fiber, medium strength and high strength viscose fiber, the main producers are Jilin chemical fiber group and Heng Tian Hailong joint stock company, wood pulp (Newdal fiber, Heng Tian Hai Long joint stock company), yushaier strong biological fiber, Yibin siliya Group Co., Ltd.; bloomu Dyer, Hubei Xiangyang; China Taiwan Model), Ma Su (SESAR fiber, Heng Tian Hailong joint stock company, Sheng Ma fiber, Hebei Jicha Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.), bamboo pulp (regenerated bamboo fiber dimension, bamboo viscose fiber, Hebei Jicha Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.), and other (coconut charcoal viscose fiber, pineapple carbon viscose fiber). Such as cotton pulp (ordinary viscose fiber, high wet modulus viscose fiber, fine)

B. proteins

Animal protein, such as wool pulp (regenerated animal protein fiber, trade name: islon fiber, Heng Tian Hai Long joint stock company, made of pulp based on raw animal hair fiber and other raw materials), silkworm chrysalis (silkworm chrysalis protein fiber, Yibin silya Group Co., Ltd., protein content is 10%~20%), milk (milk protein fiber, Shanghai Zheng Jia Milk Technology Co., Ltd., Shanxi Heng Tian Textile New Fiber Technology Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang Huaqiang company), plant protein such as soybean (soybean protein fiber, Henan Puyang Hua Kang company).

C. chitin

Chitin (chitin) fiber is a natural biological polymer extracted from the shell of shrimp, crab and insect and the cell wall of fungi and algae. Natural straight chain amino polysaccharide (chitin and chitin) is prepared by chemical method, and cellulose fiber is spun by viscose spinning.

Chitosan (chitosan) fiber is the product of chitin deacetylated after strong alkali treatment.

D. polylactic acid

Polylactic acid fiber (PLA) is a synthetic fiber made from polylactic acid or polylactone obtained from natural sugars in grains and sugar beets. It is environment-friendly fiber based on natural resources, also known as cereal fiber, also known as corn fiber.

A. warm class

Such as bamboo charcoal fiber (viscose and polyester), coffee carbon fiber (viscose and polyester), China Taiwan Huamao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

B. thermoregulation

Such as phase change energy storage and temperature regulating viscose fiber (developed by Heng Tian Hailong joint stock company and Beijing Yutian company), phase change temperature regulating viscose fiber (Hebei jjac Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.).

C. flame retardants

Such as flame-retardant viscose fiber (phosphorus flame retardant, Heng Tian Hai Long stock company), alginate fiber (Qingdao Kang Tong marine Fiber Co., limited oxygen index LOI > 45%), corn fiber (limit oxygen index LOI > 27%).

D. antibacterial class

Such as raw fiber, bamboo fiber (including raw bamboo fiber, bamboo viscose fiber, bamboo charcoal viscose fiber), coffee carbon fiber, chitin fiber, chitosan fiber, corn fiber, plant source antibacterial functional viscose fiber (green tea viscose fiber, peppermint viscose fiber, coral coral viscose fiber, Folium Isatidis viscose fiber, ginkgo leaf viscose fiber, Apocynum viscose fiber, Rosa glabra viscose fiber, Rosa glabra viscose fiber, aloe viscose fiber, etc.), nano pearl regenerated cellulose fiber, nano copper regenerated cellulose fiber.

E. other

For example, skin care Lavender viscose fiber, photochromic regenerated cellulose fiber and aromatic natural pyrethrin aromatic fiber (using hollow core composite spinning technology), the cortex is made of conventional polyester, the core layer is hollow, and the natural pyrethroid extracted from herbaceous chrysanthemum is filled into hollow part through spinning new processing technology.

Basic characteristics and functional performance of regenerated cellulose fiber

basic feature

Quantity

There are dozens of regenerated cellulose fibers. Especially since twenty-first Century, with the advancement and scientificity of regenerated cellulose fibers from abroad, the number of regenerated cellulose fibers has developed rapidly in China.

Species complete

Species are involved in various fields of biology. Many species in the plant and animal communities have become the basic resources of regenerated cellulose fibers.

Biomass has become an inexhaustible source of regenerated cellulose fibers.

Basic properties of viscose fiber

On the basis of basic characteristics, various properties are presented through modification, blending, copolymerization, addition and other scientific methods.

The basic characteristics of viscose fiber are smooth, breathable, antistatic, dyeability, good moisture regain and about 13%.

For example, bamboo viscose not only maintains the basic characteristics of viscose fiber, but also has its own unique characteristics of bamboo fiber, that is, cool, antibacterial, bacteriostasis, anti ultraviolet and so on.

Significant thermal comfort

Obvious moisture absorption and fever.

The moisture regain is maintained at about 12%~14%, some over 14%.

When the pure spinning or other fibers are proportionate in proper proportion, they can generally have good moisture absorption and heating properties.

Intelligent features

Most regenerated cellulose fibers often have one or two functions, and some have intelligent characteristics.

For example, seaweed fiber has the function of flame retardancy, which is a main function of it. Corn fiber has both flame retardant function and antibacterial function; and the phase change energy storage and temperature regulating viscose fiber jointly developed by Heng Tian Hailong company and Beijing Yutian company has the trend element from function to intelligence.

Functional performance

Pulping process

According to the natural functional characteristics of biomass basic materials, it is directly used to make slurry, and viscose and other methods are used to make fibers, magnifying or concentrating the natural functions of the basic raw materials.

Extraction method

A certain technology is used to extract the effective components from the basic raw materials, and then spin the liquid with some preparation technology, so that the effective components can be pformed into some functions.

Addition method

A scientific method is used to obtain certain effective components from basic raw materials or to use some chemical substances that meet certain requirements, and add them to viscose spinning solution to make cellulose fibers with some functions after addition.

Development trend and trend of biomass fiber

3.1 development trend

The basic raw materials of regenerated cellulose fiber are derived from nature. Biomass is the most important basic material for regenerated cellulose fibers, including plants, animals and microorganisms.

The so-called biomass refers to the use of air, water, land and other organisms generated by photosynthesis, that is, all living organisms that can grow.

Biomass has broad sense and narrow sense.

The broad sense biomass includes all plants, microbes, and animals and their wastes produced by plants and microbes. The narrow sense biomass refers to the lignocellulosic substances, such as straw, trees and other lignocellulosic substances other than grain and fruit, the leftovers after processing of agricultural products, agricultural and forestry wastes and livestock manure and wastes in the process of animal husbandry.

The characteristics of biomass are renewable, low pollution, wide distribution and abundant resources.

Regenerated cellulose fiber is an important part of renewable energy. Its efficient development and utilization plays a very positive role in solving energy and ecological environment problems. At the same time, the development and utilization of biomass is in line with the trend of energy development and has strong vitality.

The development trend of regenerated cellulose fibers is mainly manifested in the following 3 aspects.

Universality

For the development of plants in biomass, they have wide field of vision and variety, and widely pick up active ingredients in plants, especially crops and their wastes, and selectively exploit and utilize them.

In terms of the development of animals in biomass, they are keen in thinking and concentrated in the target. They mainly exploit the effective components of proteins in animals and develop them in a targeted way.

Up to now, there has been no obvious research and development on the development and utilization of microorganisms in biomass.

Functionality

Using viscose fiber as the base fiber and using some active ingredients in biomass, that is, some functional characteristics of biomass, we have developed various functional regenerated cellulose fibers, which have become a new normal for the development of regenerated cellulose fibers, and become the general trend of the development of regenerated cellulose fibers.

In the existing regenerated cellulose fibers, except for viscose fiber, modal fiber, Tencel and other basic fibers, most of the regenerated cellulose fibers developed in China have one or several functions. This trend is becoming more and more prominent in the development of fibers, such as the recent development of the hemp protein cellulose fiber by Limited by Share Ltd, which has the functions of natural antibacterial, deodorant and breathable, and has the characteristics of moisture absorption, heat and warmth, and the effect of protein nourishing and skin caring. A fiber has many functions.

Sustainability

With the increasing depletion of oil resources and the continuous reduction of cotton cultivated area, regenerated cellulose fibers show strong momentum of development.

Because of its renewable nature, low cost, low pollution and abundant resources, the development of regenerated cellulose fibers has great sustainability, making it a powerful complement to chemical fibers such as cotton fibers, polyester, nitrile and nylon.

Developing trend

Basic raw materials develop from biomass to minerals.

Such as nano copper regenerated cellulose fiber, nano pearl regenerated cellulose fiber, and regenerated cellulose fiber based on ceramic powder.

The development of basic materials from land to sea

For example, alginate fibers are extracted from marine algae and brown alga plants.

The so-called seaweed, mainly refers to kelp, seaweed, Chinese cabbage, cabbage and other marine algae.

In addition, most of the raw materials of chitin fiber, such as shrimp and crab, also come from marine organisms.

From single function to multi-function development

The development of functional intelligence has emerged. The development of function from single function to multi-function is manifested in the following two aspects.

The phase change energy storage and temperature regulating fiber developed by A. and Beijing Yutian Co., Ltd., using phase change microcapsule materials, has the function of storing and releasing heat, but this function has some intelligent properties.

The Outlast temperature regulating fiber in the United States was originally space.

Materials, such intelligent materials that can adapt to space life are pformed into civilian. How to make temperature adjustment intelligent adapt to the public life is an important research topic of the regenerated cellulose fiber intellectualization.

At present, the two companies are doing the basic test of temperature regulation of phase change microcapsule, and actively prepare for the preparation of phase change materials identification methods and standards.

B. photochromic regenerated cellulose fiber also has some intelligent properties. It is the use of photochromic materials to make regenerated cellulose fibers able to change colors in the excitation of light source, thus obtaining some kind of intelligence possibility.

Intellectualization refers to the application of modern communication and information technology, computer network technology, industry technology, intelligent control technology to a certain aspect.

The process from perception to memory to thinking is called wisdom, and the result of wisdom produces behavior and language, and the process of expression of behavior and language is called ability.

4.1 lack of fiber identification methods and standards

The development of regenerated cellulose fibers has been developing for decades. Our regenerated cellulose fibers have developed rapidly. However, apart from viscose fiber, Lan Jing modle and Tencel, most regenerated cellulose fibers do not have uniform identification methods and standards.

There are dozens of regenerated cellulose fibers and regenerated protein fibers in the country. There is no uniform identification method and standard. (Shanghai home milk yarn technology company has FZ/T 52021 2012 "milk protein modified polyacrylonitrile short fiber" standard), it is also a regenerated cellulose fiber. Why does Austria have the identification methods and standards of modal fiber and Tencel fiber? The regenerated cellulose fibers made in China are not.

4.2 reasons for identification and absence of standards

The level of identification technology of regenerated cellulose fibers in China is obviously different from that of foreign counterparts.

Facts have proved that the technology standards of foreign counterparts are comprehensive, the R & D products at the same time are synchronized with the identification standards of R & D products; while domestic technology is single, product development has no corresponding technical synchronization in identifying standards.

The concept of R & D is obviously different from that of foreign counterparts.

Foreign counterparts focus on technology, while domestic focus on products, technology is just a means, eager for quick success and instant benefit, and eager to bring immature products to market.

Therefore, the pnational product development of foreign countries,

Bigger and bigger, and domestic products can not span the country, and the domestic market is not big.

There is no sense of urgency for the relevant leading departments and agencies set up by the standards, and do not attach importance to the in-depth research and development of key technologies.

Among them, the identification standard is the core technology. Only by seeing this, can we strive to shorten the gap with foreign counterparts.

Not aware of the lack of identification criteria.

The impact of development lacks judgment on the technical defects, sustainability and market recognition of products.

4.3 the impact of identification deficiency

Identification methods and standards have become the biggest bottleneck for the development of regenerated cellulose fibers. Regenerated cellulose fibers do not have the following identification criteria.

A. cellulose can not be named without the standard of regenerated cellulose fiber. The test results can only be replaced by regenerated cellulose fibers, which can not reflect the efficacy and value of the new cellulose fiber, and lose the real meaning of using the fiber.

B. fibers with no official name are not recognized by the market. As time goes on, the market space will become smaller and smaller, or even disappear. The most typical case is soybean protein fiber.

C. does not have a discriminating standard, which means that there is no core technology. The research and development as well as the technology it possesses can not be called innovation or invention.

D. has not qualified to enter the international market and lose its competitiveness with foreign counterparts.

At present, the overseas regenerated cellulose fiber has entered the Chinese market in a large scale. However, few or few of the regenerated cellulose fibers have entered the foreign market in China.

Because of the inability to identify, e. trade is likely to cause economic disputes in the trade process.

Because of the inability to identify, fiber mixing is not clear, it is easy to be used by speculators to disrupt the market, so that fiber loses market credibility and eventually withdraws from the market.

The function of F. fiber can not be identified and embodied. The functions and technologies of research and development can not get the formal name, and lose the value of function itself.

The relevant leading departments and agencies should change their thinking and consider from the national level, the identification methods and standards of regenerated cellulose fibers should be included in the key research and development plans, and more mature varieties should be selected for research and development from many new regenerated cellulose fibers.

It is proposed to set up a special expert team to tackle problems, unite research institutes, tertiary institutions, and enterprise professionals to integrate production, teaching and research as a whole, break the traditional test methods, learn from the experience of foreign counterparts, expand the way of thinking by using Internet technology, and strive to open up a new phase of the test method.

We should give full play to the advantages of regenerated cellulose fiber leading enterprises, change the concept of quick success and instant benefit, break through the bottleneck of experimental methods, get rid of the fetters of traditional experience, set up a new concept of standards in the new economic era, and develop new models.

At the same time, we will develop its identification methods and standards at the same time, and develop products with sustainable development in a comprehensive and brand new technology.