Who Can Honor The Chinese "Local" Clothing Brand?

Guo Jingming wrote a book, "your life is so long". There are 314th pages in these paragraphs:

I was in junior grade two. I have the first pair of LINING sneakers. I began to think that Giordano and Baleno are famous brand clothes. At that time there was no Metersbonwe or Semir. I used to buy a Giordano 98 vest for a long time with pocket money.

Don't laugh! Guo Xiao Nian Nian Nian 2 was around 1997, and the material was not abundant enough to wear Giordano and Baleno.

Until 10 years later, in the movie Crazy Rock, Huang Bo also solemnly stressed: Baleno, brand!

At that time, the chain stores of Metersbonwe and Semir had sprung up everywhere, occupying the core business circle of major cities.

Giordano, Baleno, JEANSWEST, burshlung, Metersbonwe, Semir, Taiping bird, YISHION... I've been dressed up for generations.

10 years went by. They either disappear or struggle to maintain or break their arms to survive. In contrast, foreign brands such as Zara, H&M, GAP and UNIQLO are sweeping the globe.

Why can't local brands get into the eyes of Chinese people? Do foreign tailors make clothes?

This paper attempts to answer this question.

Before making a pen, we first make a concept definition: the brand in the article, especially the casual clothing for the youth group, and take three forces as an example to elaborate, namely, the Hong Kong brand, the Zhejiang brand and the international fast fashion giant.

One

On the side of Spain near the Atlantic, there is a port called La Coruna, which is famous for its history of producing smugglers, pirates and kings tailors.

At the age of 11, because of family poverty, Mela had to drop out of school. At that time, La Coruna was already the center of the Spanish textile and garment industry.

Starting from apprenticeship, Mela successfully entered a local clothing store called La Maja and was promoted to department manager, but was soon replaced by another young male tailor.

Not only did he take her place, but she also captured her heart, and Mela became the wife of the seamstress. He later became Ortega, Spain's richest man.

Otago is more than 6 years old. In 1936, when Ortega, the fourth child of the family, was born, the Spanish civil war would start, and the family's food and clothing could not be guaranteed to move to La Coruna.

One afternoon, her mother, Ortega, 12, went to the grocery store to buy candy for him. The grocer said, "I'm sorry, madam, but I can't give you any credit."

Ortega was so ashamed that he decided to drop out of school and work as an apprentice in a clothing store.

When she was promoted to manager, Ortega was responsible for selling a lady's nightgown. She found that this nightgown was exquisite and beautiful, and loved by women, but the price was prohibitive and expensive.

In 1963, Ortega and Mela founded the ConfeccionesGoa clothing factory, designed the most popular style at that time, bought cheap cloth, made a cheap and cheap Nightgown on their dining table, and sold it to stores, which turned out to be very popular.

In less than ten years, ConfeccionesGoa expanded from spouses to more than 500 large garment factories, and also had its own design team.

After entering the 1970s, the oil crisis broke out, and European enterprises shut down in large numbers. In 1975, a German factory temporarily cancelled a large order. Ortega, who was on the verge of bankruptcy, decided to sell his own product, and temporarily created a brand named Zara and set up Inditex group.

The name Zara comes from Mera and Ortega's favorite movie, the Greek left, because a bar preempted the name of Zorba, and the couple had to replace it with Zara.

In May 15, 1975, the first Zara store opened in front of the most famous department store on La Coruna central street.

No one would have thought that a temporary brand would set off huge waves in the future.

Two

In 1975, on the other side of the globe, there was no vision.

The "abstinence system" in mainland China is tedious and uniform. But Hongkong is different.

The garment industry, once the backbone of Hongkong's economy, is divided into "pre quota era" and "post quota era". In 1970s, garment factories with more quotas earned enough money. Luo Dingbang, Lim Por-yen, Fang Zhaozhou and Tian Yuanhao are known as the four largest families in Hongkong's textile and garment industry.

Eight Diagrams: Lim Por-yen and Li Jiacheng are deadly rivals. Terry Gou married his daughter Lin Shuru. At first, Lim Por-yen was dead and alive against this marriage, but Lin Shuru was going to marry him to death. But Terry Gou failed to start his own business, and when Lin Shuru returned home for help, Lim Por-yen still gave him a sum of money. Terry Gou was able to turn over and become the richest man in Taiwan. Soon after Lin Shuru died, he tease Carina Lau and Lin Chiling, and finally married a younger dance teacher Ceng Xinying.

Another single sheet of Terry Gou's story, this time, focuses on Luo Dingbang, who founded Roche knit in 1975.

Roche knit may not be known by many people, but Bossini should be no stranger to it. It was founded by Roche knitting in 1987.

Throughout the 1980s, burshall was the most popular clothing brand in Hong Kong and Macao. At that time, Giordano, JEANSWEST and Baleno were still eating the soil.

However, the three brands that have been popular for many years are also full of stories.

Li Zhiying, the founder of Giordano, is now active as a media alligator. He is actually making a fortune by making clothes.

Li Zhiying was born in Guangzhou in 1948. His father was a big capitalist. His father tried to evade criticism, but his mother was sent to labor reform.

In order to feed himself and his sister, Li Zhiying, a teenager, sells cigarettes, peanuts, or luggage at the railway station in cinemas. One day, a Hongkong passenger gave him a piece of chocolate. He thought the world was delicious. Hongkong must be a paradise on earth.

At that time, Li Jia mansion was assigned to many families, including a beautiful woman, who was being pursued by a policeman. Li Zhiying promised the police to help collect the whereabouts of beautiful women. He took advantage of this opportunity to warm up with the police and get a visa to Macao. It was easier to go to Macao than to Hongkong.

On the night of his arrival in Macao, Li Zhiying and other illegal immigrants crowded into the bottom of the ship's cabins and arrived in Hongkong to enter factories and work as child labourers. He learned English by himself and appreciated by his boss. At the end of 1973, the company paid 7000 yuan at the end of the year. He borrowed 3000 yuan from his colleagues and bought the shares of Sun Hung Kai. In those years, the stock market was good, and he quickly made a profit of $250 thousand.

Li Zhiying used the money to run factories and make costume OEM. In 1981, he opened his own brand store, Giordano, in Mong Kok business district.

In the same year, Baleno was founded.

Baleno, formerly known as "bin Nu", is the brand of Italy. In 1987, Macao Fucheng became a dealer in Chinese market for "bin Nu". In 1992, Hongkong de Yongjia group obtained the trademark ownership of "bin Nu", and invited Zhou Runfa and Maggie Cheung as spokesmen.

With the superstar blessing, "bin Nu" is regarded as a symbol of success. The "ice thread", once popular in the market, came from the fabric of "Nu Nu" mercerized cotton T shirt.

Coincidentally, JEANSWEST is also an imported product. It was originally a clothing chain brand in Australia. The two brothers of Yang Zhao and Yang Xun opened the garment factory in Hongkong to make OEM for it.

Yang's brother, who was born in Huizhou, Guangdong, went to work in a garment factory in order to earn a living. She smuggled across Hongkong. In 1974, the brothers set up the sun clothing factory with their savings. The rising sun means "there are nine days in a week".

Yang brothers gradually realized that "only by creating famous brands, the development of retail is the way out". In 1990, they took the initiative to buy JEANSWEST.

In 1991, Giordano went public in Hongkong and entered the mainland market in second, creating the first stage of China's casual wear retail chain operation.

Then, in 1993, burshlung was listed in Hongkong, becoming the largest clothing retailer group in Hongkong, and then entered the mainland and opened its first branch.

In the same period, JEANSWEST opened the first store on the mainland in Shanghai. In 1995, Yang brothers moved the factory back to Huizhou and built the headquarters of JEANSWEST China. The media called it "the most popular leisure clothing brand in mainland China". In 1996, JEANSWEST's sunrise enterprise landed at the Hong Kong stock exchange.

In 1995, the Chinese trademark of "bin Nu" was renamed "Baleno". In 1996, Baleno was bought by Guangzhou's German wing Jia group and founded Guang Zhou Friendship Baleno Company Limited. When it was opened in Tianhe City, Guangzhou, Baleno unexpectedly acquired a refund booth and opened its first store, which was a great success.

In 1990s, the domestic leisure and fashion brands were few, and the Hong Kong brand quickly filled the market gap and enjoyed the first wave of China's economic take-off after the reform and opening up.

Three

When Hong Kong brands went north to predation, smart Zhejiang people could not sit still, especially Ningbo people and Wenzhou people.

As early as the late eighteenth Century, the people of Ningbo attacked Japan with "three knives" (scissors, kitchen knives and razors).

According to the monthly magazine of the General Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai published in 1921, the seamen of Shangyi County, tailor Zhang, helped cook Shangyi on fishing boats. He was drifting to Japan's Yokohama when he was caught in a shipwreck. He lived in a dock and lived on repairing clothes. There were many foreign businessmen in the port area, who took apart the western-style clothes of the westerners and studied the tailor's clothing while he returned to his hometown to set up the "Yi Yi Chang" Western-style clothes shop, and also set up branches in the provinces of Tokyo and Kobe. Under his leadership, a group of Ningbo people went to Japan to study in Japan.

After the opening of Shanghai, people from Europe and America surged, and Westernization compradors, senior staff, rich families and celebrities followed western fashion. A large number of Ningbo tailors poured into Shanghai.

Since 1920s, the Ningbo tailor has become the protagonist of Shanghai's clothing industry. At the height of prosperity, there were as many as more than 700 Western-style shops in Shanghai and more than 420 in Ningbo tailors.

After the strong momentum, the Ningbo tailor is known as the "red gang tailor". There are two reasons for this: one is that their main customers are foreigners who are commonly known as "Red Devils"; the other is that they come from Yinzhou and Fenghua of Ningbo, and Shanghai is called "tailoring tailors" and "homed" and "red" are homophones in Wu dialect.

After 1949, the "red gang tailors" fell apart. Some people go abroad, and are gradually eliminated by machine made clothing; those who remain in the country are either "received" by the government, they are making clothes for leaders, or entering factories.

As the most influential school in the history of Chinese clothing, the "red gang tailor" is no longer a rhyme, but there is no lack of tailors in Ningbo.

In 1978, a 30 year old educated youth came from the youth clothing factory of Ya Du Village, Yin County, Ningbo. His name was Li Rucheng, and he wanted to change into a tailor. The youth garment factory, which is located in the basement of the stage, is home to several sewing machines. The staff, scissors and stools need to be provided by the workers themselves.

In the same year, Sheng Junhai, director of Sheng Jia Village in Fenghua, Ningbo, took the lead to set up a garment factory in Sheng Jia village, which was able to survive by relying on Shanghai's garment factories.

Small village workshops are hard to eat, and the county run big factories will not go there. In 1985, Zheng Yonggang, 27, retired from military service and was dispatched to the cotton mill of Yin County, which was on the verge of collapse.

Compared to these people, Zhang Jiangping can only be regarded as a later generation, but can be more frustrating. He dropped out of school in early school, worked as an apprentice in a clothing factory, then went to the county to run a garment factory as a tailor. In a few years, he became the No. three figure in the factory, second only to his boss and boss's younger brother. He could not afford to pay for his food and drink. He could not afford to buy a single pair of jeans. When he saw the boss's new Santana car, he was so stimulated that he had to work alone.

In 1989, Zhang Jiangping took his father's 2000 yuan from the bottom of the box and went to Ningbo.

Across the 1990, time seems to be accelerating, and every industry has a new monthly salary. Ningbo has been designated as a planned city. Airport and high-speed are being built. The number of urban areas has changed from 5 to 6.

Under the insistence of Sheng Jun Hai, the village garment factory registered the trademark of "Luo Meng".

Li Rucheng signed a contract with Macao Nan Guang International Trade Co., Ltd. on behalf of the youth garment factory, and jointly established YOUNGOR Clothing Co., Ltd.

Zheng Yonggang launched the first clothing advertisement in China on CCTV. The advertisement is: "Shan Shan suit, do not be too smart."

Luo Meng, YOUNGOR, Shanshan and other brands have sprung up, undertaking the glory of the "red gang tailors" and consolidating the status of Ningbo in the apparel industry.

At that time, Zhang Jiangping was still setting up stalls in the wholesale market in Ningbo. But he began to wonder how to make a way out of men's formal clothes.

In 1992, Zhang Jiangping and his brother Zhang Jiangbo bought six sewing machines with borrowed 20 thousand yuan, and employed seven or eight tailors to set up processing plants. 3 years later, the book has accumulated nearly a million capital.

In 1995, the Chinese Apparel Association organized an inspection tour to the United States, and Zhang Jiangping ranked among them. During the inspection, he met a casual man's dress and was inspired. After returning home, he went straight to the industrial and commercial bureau and registered the trademark of PEACEBIRD.

The brand consciousness of the people adjacent to Wenzhou is a step further.

As early as 1985, the clothing market in Wenzhou grew rapidly, and successively created the Wenzhou Miao fruit Temple wholesale clothing market and the iron well hurdle clothing wholesale market, but all of them focused on poor quality and no brand clothing.

In August 1987, more than 5000 pairs of Wenzhou shoes were lit by a blaze in Hangzhou Wulin Square. Counterfeit and inferior products have become synonymous with Wenzhou products. The manufacturing crisis in Wenzhou has been unprecedented, and brand awareness has begun to awaken in Wenzhou.

In 1991, Wang Mingka, a clothing merchant in Wenzhou, took one word from herself, Mrs. Zheng Jianqiu and daughter Wang Shasha, and set up Wenzhou chakesha Fashion Co., Ltd., the first clothing brand registered by industry and Commerce in Wenzhou.

In the following four years, nearly two thousand garment enterprises were set up in Wenzhou, such as "good bird", "Zhuang Ji", "Zegna", "French School", "Metersbonwe" and "Semir".

Among them, "Metersbonwe" and "Semir" are the representatives of Wenzhou clothing brand.

In 1995, Zhou Chengjian opened a shop called American bond. Take this name, to the name of fashion, and the meaning of the prestige of Yang state.

Zhou Chengjian is actually a native of Lishui, Zhejiang. When she was a poor family, she dropped out of school to become a tailor. She became a teacher at the age of 17, and opened a garment factory in Lishui Qingtian county. But he was rather unlucky. When he met a customer who had lost his debts, he lost 200 thousand yuan and had to leave his hometown and come to Wenzhou to continue to be a garment foundry. With his exquisite craftsmanship, he got many orders, but felt that there was no future for foundry. He wanted to create his own casual wear brand and get rid of the homogenization competition.

When Zhou Chengjian opened the shop, he bought 40 thousand red carpets on the road, and hung out the windbreaker, known as the world's largest size, and CCTV was attracted.

All these are seen by Qiu Guang and others.

Qiu Guang was 14 years older than Zhou Chengjian, and became a member of the commune after retiring from the army. He started as an agent for domestic electronic products, and then became a processor. In 1993, he sold more than 100 million yuan. When a typhoon swept through Wenzhou, all electrical inventory was destroyed. He went to Zhengzhou to make real estate and lost everything.

Qiu Guang and his keen eyesight traveled south and North, he found that casual clothes were very popular, and the regional agency fees of some brands were over millions, with unlimited business opportunities. In 1996, he registered a trademark, which is Semir.

A group of Zhejiang farmers on this stage of fashion began to work hard with Hong Kong businessmen.

Four

I wonder if it's a coincidence. In the future, a group of people who left their names in the history of clothing were almost the poor tailors who dropped out of school early.

A Chinese tailor or a seamstress is a good tailor.

Mela and Ortega are obviously good tailors. The smart couple found that the traditional advanced custom-made clothing method is too time-consuming, limited in customers and small in profits. They have to do the clothes that keep up with the trend but are cheap.

"Imitation + cheap" has become a gene born in the birth of Zara, which quickly reproduced the popular fashions on the stage of fashion and sold it in large quantities at low prices.

Zara took the lead and gained the reputation of "high street brand" and embarked on a startling expansion. By 1980s, its branches had spread all over Spain.

Walton business school's classic business case is so commented: Zara has greatly satisfied the girls' flaunting mentality. After being tempted by the price stimulus and the temptation of style, luxury stores have turned to Zara.

In 1988, Zara opened its first foreign branch in Oporto, Portugal. In 1989, it opened shop in Fifth Avenue, New York, and entered the fashion center Paris Champs Elysees street in 1990.

Shops are the most important market tool for Zara. Ortega insisted on "zero advertising". Every time he landed in a new market, he opened shop in the most prosperous sections, then extended his tentacles to smaller towns, and let the brand influence radiate across the country without advertising.

This process is like a drop of oil spreading slowly on the fabric surface. In Inditex group, this strategy is called "oil pollution mode".

Ortega was called the "terminator" by the Spanish press. His "oil pollution mode" mode overturns the so-called "merciless globalization pressure".

After World War II, manufacturers began to set up factories in South America and Asia to find cheap labor areas, triggering a "low price competition" trend.

But Ortega came all the way in the trend of low price competition. He proved to the world that market power and necessary shortage are more important than cheap labor. Of course, it will only shrink the original industry market.

Five

Chinese local clothing brands are in the "presumption".

China's population base is too large, and the huge purchasing power that has been suppressed after decades of consumption desire has been enough to make every manufacturer happy.

No matter Hong Kong businessmen or Zhejiang businessmen, they all share the same idea: advertising bombing or price war, occupying the market and opening more stores.

Baleno invited F4, Andy Lau, Faye Wong and others to endorse, create a big image of the brand; Cherrie Ying, Aarif Lee, Janice Man and Zhou Bichang are the brand spokesmen of burglung, while Giordano holds the "Korean wave".

Burshlung, Giordano and Baleno are also called the three giants of Hongkong clothing.

After the millennium, Hong Kong capital brands entered a period of rapid growth. In 2004, JEANSWEST's sales exceeded 1 billion 800 million. Whether in terms of sales volume or shop size, JEANSWEST is ranked first in the leisure apparel industry in mainland China.

The mainland brands are similar.

Simon Yam, the ambassador of the wedding birds, is the image ambassador. He opened the first place in the domestic clothing brand.

Metersbonwe found Aaron Kwok, sales increased by 600%, sales from tens of millions of dollars to 500 million yuan. After tasting the sweetness, they signed Jay Chou to achieve the coverage rate of 33% of the 100% and second tier cities in 66% tier cities and three tier cities.

In 2008, the United States was listed.

Semir followed closely, hired Nicholas Tse as spokesperson and expanded the store fastest, from less than 1000 in 2003 to 4007 in 2010. Revenue is coming directly to Metersbonwe.

In 2011, Semir went public.

From 2007 to 2011, the growth rate of garment retail industry in mainland China remained above 20%. Today, I think it is the golden age of local brands, and it is also extinct.

In 2008, Guo Jingming published the "1 age of origami" in the small age. He was obsessed with luxury. He also loved Giordano and Baleno.

In the eyes of countless outsiders visiting Shanghai, the center of Shanghai must be the bustling Nanjing road that has been reported countless times by TV programs. Giordano and Baleno's flagship stores are flashing huge electronic screens. In the gold and silver buildings of the main street, the gold chain is more than one. Countless pedestrians raised their cameras and flash flashed into one.

How wonderful the past is, how cruel it is now.

Six

2012 is a demarcation line. Since then, local brands have been bogged down.

In 2012, Baleno was at its peak, with 4044 stores in the mainland, and 3000 stores in the next 6 years. In 2016, it was sold for 250 million yuan due to continuous losses and spanformation.

In 2012, JEANSWEST's sales reached nearly 4 billion 900 million Hong Kong dollars, reaching its peak. From this year, its performance declined year after year. In 2017, China's revenue was only HK $1 billion 600 million, closing 200 stores.

Giordano's performance reached its peak in 2013, with HK $5 billion 848 million in revenue, down from then on, and sales in 2014 by 5%, while sales in 2015 dropped by 3% over the same period last year. Against the potential to open shop, no franchise fee, the prospect is still unpredictable.

The same is true in burshilong. Starting from 2014, annual profits continued to decline, from 2016, issued a profit warning continuously, the loss in the second half of 2018 expanded to 25 million 750 thousand, accelerated decline.

The brand of Hong Kong capital has moved from the mainstream business circle to the two level business circle, and some have even opened to the community shopping center or supermarket.

The mainland brand is also a long way to go.

In 2012, the US bond sales slowed down, and two years later, it ushered in its first loss after listing.

After the listing of Semir in 2011, the number of stores increased by more than 1400, but by 2013, nearly 400 stores were closed.

There is a theory in economics, called resource curse. Rich natural resources may be a curse rather than a blessing for economic development.

China's huge market dividend is, to some extent, a kind of "natural resource", which provides a short and medium dividend for the rise of local brands, but also makes local brands inert.

Therefore, when foreign giants knock on doors, Chinese local brands are still singing "backyard flowers" through windows.

Seven

Combing past events, it is hard not to regret for local brands, but to lament their misfortunes.

If there are several important nodes, first, around 2006, the international giants will enter; second, about 2009, the electricity providers will rise; third, 2012, the clothing industry will go to stock; fourth, 2014, the commercial real estate expansion will be weak, and the mobile business will be popular.

In February 2006, Zara opened its first store in Heng Long Plaza, Nanjing Road, Shanghai. The first day of operation opened a record of 800 thousand yuan in daily sales.

Before and after, UNIQLO, GAP and H&M also entered China. In the face of international giants, local brands have nothing to resist.

The average time of Zara development to new products is 2 to 4 weeks. The local brands in China are about 6 to 9 months. Zara has 11000 styles on average every quarter, and the local brands in China are mostly 2000 to 4000 styles. The average number of customers entering Zara is 17 times a year, and the local brands in China are 3 to 4 times.

Interlocking.

Behind the major gap is a series of control capabilities of a clothing enterprise in costume design, supply chain management, inventory management, terminal management and so on.

In the 2015 annual report, Inditex group has such a description: since 2011, the group has sent staff to the best fashion and management schools, some of which are in Spain, some overseas, and now the group has 600 designers.

Compared with tycoons, China's garment industry is still a manufacturing industry, not a creative industry. The business mode of manufacturing industry is small profits but quick turnover, the premise is to solve the chronic disease of inventory.

The inventory crisis of China's clothing industry in 2012 was like a mountain peak. Data from the National Bureau of statistics show that in the first three quarters of 2012, the inventory of products in China's garment industry above Designated Size reached 256 billion 966 million yuan, and the high capital storage made the whole industry's capital flow slow, hindering the renewal of products and the profitability of enterprises.

According to the 2012 annual report of listed companies, it is estimated that at least three years will be required for the domestic garment industry to be "digested" by the domestic market.

When local brands struggle to go to inventory, international brands bend the speed of supply chain management, and strictly control the channel in the direct mode.

In 2017, Zara and H&M had only 13% and 4% stores in the world's total stores, while Giordano and JEANSWEST accounted for 80% and 70% respectively.

Luo Dingbang's son Luo Lefeng once talked about the predicament of the castle dragon, and said: "Cheng joined the store and failed to join the store." He thinks that joining the business makes it difficult for the brand to grasp the exact data of the customers and lack the response to the products.

Clothing is the largest consumer category in the Internet, and the platform of electronic commerce can be the support of manufacturers for big data analysis, but local brands are in a state of confusion. They either start all over again, neither fish nor fowl. Or learn from it and follow it passively.

JEANSWEST, as early as 2009, has entered the e-commerce channel. In 2017, JEANSWEST electric and trade branch was set up specially. It can help the physical store deal with the tail cargo of the season and become an accessory role of "go stock".

There is also Metersbonwe, when Taobao just appeared, resolutely refused to enter, and build a "state purchase network". After the advent of the mobile Internet tide, heavy money has been built to create "fan APP".

Semir did not touch the net until 2011, but Giordano did not catch up with the electricity supplier until 2016.

In a speech, Zhou Chengjian summed up the spanformation of the Internet age. He said that there were impulses, confusion and dislocation in this process. When people get small achievements, they will be impulsive because they can not listen to others' advice. One impulse is often confused, confused and anxious, easily misplaced.

Eight

Many years later, a bar owner in La Coruna, Spain recalled that there was always a small clothing salesman who said with great shame: "I must make some achievements!"

That delivery man is Ortega.

He finally made a great achievement in 50 years. In 2001, Inditex group went public. 15 years later, he was crowned the richest man in the world.

Over the past 15 years, the number of stores in the Inditex group increased from 1284 to 7013, and net sales increased from 3 billion 250 million euros to 20 billion 900 million euros.

The top 30 of China's garment industry is totally against the Inditex family.

When Europe's economy is at a low pace, Ortega has built up half of the Spanish economy. What kind of life is this wealthy man living?

Before 1999, the media could not even find a picture of him. He never showed his face. If it's not for the welfare of employees, he doesn't even intend to let the company go public.

He lives in a secret apartment in the city, and he doesn't talk about ostentation. The scooter is a $more than 20 thousand public. His lunch is always settled in the company's staff restaurant. He likes to eat cheap potatoes, and he always eats all the food on the plate.

Mela died suddenly in 2013. Before her death, she was the second richest in Spain after Ortega. She is even more low-key, even if the Spanish royal activities never participate.

Mela and Ortega are known as "hermits in the upper class".

Let's take a look at the founders of local fashion brands.

In 1990, Li Zhiying sold all the shares of Giordano, married his wife in the second marriage, and entered the media field. He founded "weekly" and "Apple Daily", setting off Hongkong's Bagua style and paparazzi culture. As for Giordano's life and death, he did not ignore it. Creating a brand is just a stop in his life. After completing the primitive accumulation, it is "flood".

Luo Dingbang's family affairs can be called the modern version of "palace plan". He had three sons, and the second son, SHU Kai, worked hard at his work, often blowing the wind around his ears to exclude the eldest and the old from the heirs.

Luo Dingbang also had "little three" and "Xiao Si" besides his wife. In order to please his father, Luo Shukai helped to cover up. But in order to inherit his power, he pushed his father's "little three" and "Xiao Si" Yin out of Hongkong.

In 1996, Luo Dingbang died and Luo Shukai took over. He refused to perform his will, and the family fell into an internal struggle. Niece (daughter of Luo Dingbang's eldest son) combined with five uncle (Luo Dingbang's "Little Four" son), playing with her uncle (Luo Shukai). The result is a win. The burshon dragon became the five son of Roding bond.

When everyone is busy fighting for the legacy, there is still some mind to do business.

The decline of Baleno is still a miracle.

Baleno's parent company, Germany Yongjia group, is a super factory. UNIQLO, Nike, GAP and other brands all come from its production line. The industry has accumulated so much that Baleno can only be left with half a breath.

Baleno, a few hands down, seems to be a profit making tool for every disk holder.

The founder of the clothing brand in the mainland has feelings for the brand, but it can't hold the heart.

When the Chinese fir is limitless, Zheng Yonggang finds the Anshan Thermal Energy Research Institute of the Ministry of metallurgical industry and develops lithium battery together. In addition, in Pudong to open a hospital, sign the right to operate scenic spots such as Turpan and Guilin, so as to develop Wen Lu town.

"This round of competition is mainly the high-end competition, not the number of wheat, how many clothes to wear, but the competition of Wall Street." Zheng Yonggang said proudly, "please call me financier."

Li Rucheng can hardly afford to give up. In the YOUNGOR business, finance and real estate account for a major part, and clothing performance is negligible.

Many high-end buildings in Ningbo are owned by YOUNGOR. As Li Rucheng said, investment is not the same. It can earn 30 years of manufacturing money at once.

In January 2017, a tourist was bitten by a tiger at a zoo in Ningbo. After investigation, the zoo was invested by YOUNGOR.

When investing and selling houses earn more money, who will bother to sell clothes?

Because of love, perseverance; perseverance, only professional; because professionally, invincible.

In the past thirty years, money has made a lot of money, which makes the helm of local fashion brands happy to forget and forget. When there is no love, everything behind it is logical.

But who will do the garment in thirty years?