Knowledge Of Elastic Fiber: 6 Kinds Of Elastic Fibers That Textile People May Not All Understand.

Among many functional varieties, elastic fiber, as a "sunrise industry", can play a irreplaceable role in clothing comfort, warmth and so on because it can give the human body a good sense of touch, so it occupies a solid position in the textile industry of China and even the world, and giving certain flexibility to textile fabrics has become an inevitable trend in the development of textile products.

I. diene elastic fibers (rubber wires)

Diene elastic fiber, commonly known as rubber or silk, is mainly composed of vulcanized polyisoprene. It has good chemical and physical properties such as high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, abrasion resistance and so on. It is widely used in knitting industry such as socks, rib sleeves and so on. Rubber fiber is an elastic fiber used in the early stage. Because it is mainly made into coarse yarns, its use in weaving fabrics is very limited.

Two, polyurethane fiber (spandex)

Polyurethane elastic fiber is a fiber made of block copolymer with polyurethane as the main ingredient. Our country is called spandex. The original trade name of the United States is Spandex, after which it is renamed Lycra Lycra, European name is Elastane, Japan is called Neolon, and Germany is called Dorlastan. Its elasticity comes from the network structure of block copolymer composed of so-called "soft" and "hard" segments.

The spinning methods of spandex include dry spinning, wet spinning, chemical reaction spinning and melt spinning. Dry spinning is the most popular method in the production of spandex. Spandex is the earliest developed and most widely used elastic fiber and the most mature technology.

Three. Polyether ester elastic fiber

　　 Polyether ester elastic fiber is made of polyester and polyether copolymer by melt spinning of elastic fibers, Japan Di company first produced in 1990. Polyether ester elastic fiber is similar to polyurethane elastic fiber structure, and also has "section" structure characteristics. The "soft" segments are mainly polyether segments, which are good in flexibility, long in chain and easy to elongate and deform. "Hard" segments are polyester segments, relatively rigid, easy to crystallize, and short in chain. They act as nodes in the deformation of fibers, give elastic recovery properties, and determine the strength and heat resistance of fibers.

The polyether ester elastic fiber has high strength, good elasticity and high melting point. It can be blended with PET fiber and can be dyed at 120~130. So polyester fiber can also be processed into elastic textile. In addition, they have good light resistance, chlorine resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance, which are better than ordinary spandex.

This fiber also has the advantages of cheap raw materials, easy production and processing, and is a promising fiber.

Four, composite elastic fiber (T400 fiber)

CONTEX Kangtai (ST 100 composite elastic fiber, collectively known as T400 elastic fiber) is a new type of composite elastic fiber made of DuPont Sorona as the main raw material and advanced PET composite spinning process through ordinary PET. It has natural permanent spiral crimp and excellent bulking, elasticity, elastic recovery rate, color fastness and special soft handle. It can be woven individually, and can be interwoven with cotton, viscose, polyester, nylon and so on to form a variety of styles.

It not only solves many problems of traditional spandex silk, such as difficult dyeing, excessive elasticity, complex weaving, unstable fabric size, and easy ageing in use, but also can be directly woven on jet looms, water spraying and arrow looms. It is not necessary to make coated yarns like spandex before weaving, reducing the cost of yarn and improving the quality uniformity of products.

Five, polyolefin elastic fiber (DOWXLA fiber)

Polyolefin elastic fibers are prepared by melt spinning of polyene thermoplastic elastomers. DOW Chemical, launched in 2002 by XLA, is the first commercialized polyolefin elastic fiber made from metallocene catalyzed in-situ polymerization of ethylene octyl copolymer (POE) by melt spinning.

It has good elasticity, 500% elongation at break, resistance to 220 degree high temperature, chlorine bleaching and strong acid and alkali treatment, and has a strong anti UV degradation performance. Its production process is relatively simple, raw material price is lower than spandex, and at the same time, almost no pollution in production process, and easy to recycle. Because polyolefin elastic fiber has many excellent properties, it has been widely used in recent years.

Six. Hard elastic fibers

Some fibers made under special processing conditions, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and other fibers, are not easy to deform under low stress (because they have a higher modulus), but also have better elasticity under higher stress, especially at lower temperatures.

At present, hard elastic fibers are not widely used in textiles, but because of their elastic characteristics, they are different from soft elastic fibers, so some special textiles can be developed.