An Analysis Report Of The Top 500 Enterprises In China'S Manufacturing Industry Affected By The Epidemic Situation

The survey results of the top 500 manufacturing enterprises in China showed that the outbreak of new crown pneumonia had a significant adverse effect on the production and operation of enterprises in the first quarter of 2020, and the business revenue decreased significantly, the operating cost increased and profits declined. However, most enterprises were relatively optimistic about the two quarter production and operation situation. Enterprises urgently hope that the government will make precise policies and policies and measures such as increasing tax reduction and lowering fees and reducing financing costs.

In order to fully understand the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic on the top 500 manufacturing enterprises, and to provide reference for government decision-making, the China Federation of enterprises set up a research group. In from February 25 to 28, 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the top 500 manufacturing enterprises in China through the Internet.

The online survey was conducted on the top 500 manufacturing enterprises in China. The questionnaire was distributed to 500 enterprises, including 160 state-owned and state holding enterprises (hereinafter referred to as state-owned enterprises), 340 private and private holding enterprises (hereinafter referred to as private enterprises), and a total of 299 enterprises were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 59.8%. Among them, 99 state-owned enterprises accounted for 33.11%, 200 private enterprises accounted for 66.89%.

The survey samples are mainly distributed in metal smelting and products, machinery and equipment, chemical raw materials and chemicals, consumer goods production, food and beverage production, transportation equipment and parts, pharmaceutical and medical equipment, integrated manufacturing, computer and communication equipment and other electronic equipment, building materials production, national defense and military industries. These industries accounted for 26.76%, 17.06%, 15.38%, 12.04%, 6.35%, 5.69%, 4.35%, 4.01%, 3.68%, 2.67% and 2.01% respectively. The survey samples were distributed in 27 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. Among them, Jilin and Guizhou enterprises did not take part in the survey, while Hainan and Tibet did not have the top 500 manufacturing enterprises.

The survey results show that the epidemic has a significant adverse effect on the production and operation of enterprises in the first quarter. It is manifested in the following aspects: the epidemic has caused great losses to 50.73% of enterprises, 53.28% of the enterprises have significantly reduced their operating revenues in the first quarter, 82.12% of the enterprises have increased operating costs, 97.08% of the enterprises have lost profits, 61.96% of the enterprises have reduced their employment in the first quarter, and 78.1% of the enterprises have been in the same season. The degree of investment in fixed assets was reduced to varying degrees, and 70.44% of enterprises' exports were reduced to varying degrees, and the uncertainty of international orders increased.

The survey shows that most enterprises are relatively optimistic about the two quarter situation. About 74.45% of the enterprises expect business revenue to improve, and 64.96% of the enterprises expect profits to rise and fall. Most enterprises predict that employment, fixed assets investment and exports will improve.

The survey results show that over 50% of enterprises believe that the outstanding problems facing the enterprises are: the cost pressure is increasing, the raw materials and upstream parts can not be supplied normally, the sales channels of products (services) are blocked, and the logistics channels are not smooth. Nearly 3/4 of enterprises believe that the annual business plan can be successfully completed. "Adjusting the production plan, making follow-up arrangements, fully catching up with the production progress after the epidemic," "innovating service methods, selling methods and management methods" and "striving for policy and financial support" are the main measures taken by the enterprises to cope with the epidemic. Enterprises have high hopes for precise government policies and support enterprises. Nearly 90% of enterprises hope to increase tax reduction and reduce fees, and about 70% of enterprises want to reduce the financing cost of enterprises.

1. The epidemic has a significant adverse effect on the production and operation of enterprises in the first quarter of 2020.

(1) the epidemic has caused great losses to most enterprises.

The survey results showed that 48.18% of the enterprises reported that the outbreak of the outbreak brought great losses to the enterprises. 2.55% of the surveyed enterprises were exposed to huge losses which could not be borne, and the sum of the two had exceeded 50%. Only 25.91% of enterprises believe that the loss is less and the business can afford it. Another 23.36% of the enterprises have not yet assessed the losses. See Figure 1 for details.

　　 Fig. 1 extent of injury caused by epidemic situation

(two) nearly half of the business revenue decreased significantly in the first quarter.

The adverse effects of the epidemic on business revenue are more obvious. The survey showed that 53.28% of the enterprises reflected a significant decrease in operating income in the first quarter, which means that more than half of the business revenue fell sharply, and the proportion of enterprises operating income significantly reduced by the epidemic was significantly higher than that of employment, investment and exports. In addition, 41.97% of enterprises reported a decrease in operating income. Only a few enterprises are basically flat or even less. 3.65% of the enterprises are basically unchanged from previous years, and 1.09% of the enterprises have increased. See Figure 2 for details.

　　 Fig. 2 Influence of epidemic situation on enterprise's first quarter revenue

(three) more than 80% of the company's operating costs increase.

The outbreak of the epidemic has had adverse effects on the production and operation of enterprises from various angles, including the delay in resuming production and the delayed supply of raw materials, the failure of timely supply of raw materials, the failure of workers to return to work on time, and the failure of finished products to go out of warehouse.

The survey results show that more than 80% of the operating costs of enterprises increased to varying degrees, of which 29.93% of the enterprises increased significantly, and 52.19% of the enterprises increased. In addition, 6.2% of the enterprises were basically flat compared with the same period in previous years. More than 10% enterprises did not increase or decrease, 9.49% of them decreased, and 2.19% increased significantly.

(four) overall decline in corporate profits

The survey results show that almost all of the surveyed enterprises' profits have declined, and the epidemic has a negative impact on the profitability of manufacturing enterprises. Specifically, 49.64% of the enterprises in the first quarter decreased significantly, and 47.44% of the enterprises decreased. With the addition of the two, enterprises with different degrees of reduction have reached 97.08%. Only 2.92% of the first quarter profits are expected to be basically the same as in previous years.

(five) more than 60% of the first quarter employment decreased to varying degrees.

The survey results show that the impact of the epidemic on the employment of enterprises in the first quarter is significantly less than that of the business revenue, but on the whole, more than 60% enterprises have reduced their employment volume in the first quarter, and about 1/3 of the enterprises have been flat or increased in the first quarter. Specifically, 19.34% of the enterprises in the first quarter of the amount of employment decreased significantly, 45.62% of the enterprises decreased, and the number of enterprises with reduced labor volume accounted for 61.96%, more than 60%. 33.58% of the enterprises were basically flat, while 1.46% of the enterprises increased their employment volume in the first quarter. See Figure 3 for details. The proportion of employment is flat and increasing, which is 27.77 percentage points higher than that of operating income.

　　 Fig. 3 Influence of epidemic situation on employment of enterprises in the first quarter

(six) in the first quarter, nearly 80% enterprises reduced their investment in fixed assets to varying degrees.

The survey results show that the adverse effects of the epidemic on the investment in fixed assets are significantly less than the impact on the operating income, but significantly greater than the impact on the amount of employment. In the first quarter, 27.74% of the fixed assets investment decreased significantly, while 50.36% of the enterprises decreased, and the total reached 78.1%. In addition, 20.08% of the enterprises were basically flat, and only 1.09% of the enterprises increased. See Figure 4 for details.

　　 Fig. 4 Influence of epidemic situation on fixed assets investment of enterprises in the first quarter

(seven) about 30% of enterprises' exports were significantly reduced.

Large manufacturing enterprises are the main force of China's exports, and their export changes have a significant impact on the export trade of China. The survey showed that 29.2% of the enterprises' exports were significantly reduced by the epidemic situation, and 41.24% of the enterprises declined. The total number of enterprises with varying degrees of export reduction accounted for 70.44%. In addition, 8.76% of the enterprises were basically unchanged from previous years, 1.46% of the enterprises increased, and 1.09% of the enterprises increased significantly. See Figure 5 in detail. The impact of the epidemic on the export of large manufacturing enterprises, though smaller than that of operating income, is obviously greater than that of employment and fixed assets investment. To our surprise, 18.25% of the enterprises surveyed did not export business and only developed in the domestic market.

　　 Fig. 5 impact of epidemic on export of enterprises in the first quarter

(eight) increase in uncertainty of international orders

China's manufacturing industry has been deeply embedded in the global manufacturing division of labor system, which is a key link in the global manufacturing industry chain. However, the outbreak of the outbreak disrupted the stable supply of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, but also forced other enterprises in the global industrial chain to seek to transfer the supply chain to other countries, which undoubtedly increased the inaccuracy of international orders of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Qualitative analysis challenges the sustainable development of Chinese manufacturing enterprises' competitive edge. The survey showed that although only 0.43% of international buyers refused to fulfill their original orders on the grounds of China's epidemic situation, the proportion of transfer orders reached 5.6%, while 8.19% of international buyers were seeking to reduce orders. There may be factors of order transfer. Agree that Chinese enterprises postponed the delivery of orders, accounting for 30.6%. See Figure 6 in detail.

　　 Fig. 6 impact of epidemic on international orders

The survey results show that the impact of the epidemic on the production and operation of enterprises of different ownership and different industries varies in the first quarter. The degree of damage to private enterprises is greater than that of state-owned enterprises, and the decrease of business income, profit, employment and export of private enterprises is more obvious than that of state-owned enterprises. However, the investment and the cost increase of state-owned enterprises are more obvious. The epidemic caused the greatest loss to the consumer goods manufacturing industry, the largest reduction in the business revenue of the transportation equipment and parts manufacturing industry, the largest increase in the cost of computers, communications equipment and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries, the largest reduction in the profitability of the transport equipment and parts manufacturing industry, the most reduction in the employment of defense and military industries, and the establishment of drugs and medical facilities. The investment in the manufacturing industry is the largest, with the largest reduction in exports to defense and military industries.

Two, enterprise production and operation will improve overall in the two quarter.

(1) about 3/4 of the business revenue will improve.

Despite the impact of the epidemic in the first quarter, the total operating income of the top 500 manufacturing enterprises in China has declined in varying degrees, but most companies have made more optimistic judgments on the two quarter's revenues. According to the survey, 74.46% of the enterprises expect two quarter earnings to improve compared with the first quarter, and the proportion of optimism is close to 3/4. In addition, 22.99% of enterprises expect business income to be roughly the same as that of the first quarter, which is expected to decrease compared with the same period in previous years. Only 2.55% of enterprises expect the decline level to be worse than the first quarter, and the decrease of business income will further deteriorate. See Figure 7 in detail.

　　 Figure 7 Enterprise Revenue Forecast in the two quarter

(two) there are differences in operating costs.

Generally speaking, the change of cost level may be slower than operating income. The survey results show that there is a big difference between enterprises' prediction of operating costs in the two quarter, and it is difficult to form a unified cognition. 16.06% of enterprises are expected to continue to rise, and 39.05% of enterprises are expected to maintain their level in the first quarter. The total number of two was 55.11%, slightly more than 50%. At the same time, another 44.89% of enterprises are expected to gradually decline. Obviously, it is estimated that the proportion of operating costs will gradually decline in the two quarter, much lower than the proportion of expected business revenue will gradually improve.

(three) most businesses expect profits to pick up.

The survey shows that although the company's expectations for the two quarter earnings are not very optimistic, it is obviously better than the expected cost reduction, which is also consistent with the expected revenue. Enterprises are optimistic about the growth of operating revenue in the two quarter, but there is concern about the decline in the cost level, making a relatively neutral forecast for the two quarter earnings. Specifically, 19.34% of enterprises expect the two quarter earnings will return to the same level in previous years, and 45.63% of enterprises are expected to rebound. That is to say, enterprises with relatively optimistic attitude towards the two quarter profits account for 64.97%, accounting for an obvious majority. In addition, 6.93% of the enterprises expected profits to be further reduced, and 28.10% of the enterprises expected profits will be similar to the first quarter, which will decrease to varying degrees compared with the same period in previous years. See Figure 8 for details.

　　 Figure 8 enterprise profit forecast in the two quarter

(four) most enterprises will improve their employment.

The epidemic brings adverse effects to the employment of enterprises from two aspects: first, the prevention and control of epidemic prevention hinders the normal return of employees, and the two is that enterprises are unable to resume production normally because of insufficient demand, so they have to reduce employment. With the positive control of epidemic prevention and control, production and life in the two quarter will revert to pre epidemic status. On the one hand, demand will be gradually restored; on the other hand, employees will be able to return to normal posts. Therefore, if the epidemic is actually controlled in the two quarter, the employment of enterprises will improve in the two quarter. According to the survey, 62.41% of the enterprises expect employment to improve in the two quarter, 35.77% of the enterprises are expected to continue to maintain the first quarter, and 1.82% of the enterprises are expected to further deteriorate.

(five) investment in fixed assets will improve in most enterprises.

The survey results show that enterprises generally expect fixed asset investment to get rid of the difficulties of the first quarter in the two quarter and gradually improve. 63.87% of the enterprises expect the fixed assets investment to improve in the two quarter, and 34.67% of the enterprises are expected to be similar to the first quarter, and only 1.46% of the enterprises are expected to further deteriorate.

(six) exports of most enterprises will improve.

The survey shows that the optimism of the enterprises in the two quarter is expected to be closer to the optimism of the employment situation and the expected growth of fixed asset investment. Specifically, 62.71% of the enterprises expect the export situation to improve in the two quarter, and 34.75% of the enterprises are expected to be almost the same as the first quarter, and only 2.54% of the enterprises are expected to further deteriorate.

There are obvious differences in the prediction of the trend of the two quarter by different ownership enterprises. The state-owned enterprises are better than private enterprises in terms of changes in operating income, profit changes, employment changes, investment changes and export changes, and have a more optimistic attitude towards the future than private enterprises.

There are significant differences in the trend of the two quarter for different industries, with the most significant difference in earnings changes. In the building materials production, computers, communications equipment and other electronic equipment manufacturing, pharmaceutical and medical equipment manufacturing enterprises generally believe that the two quarter profits will turn well, but the other eight industries believe that the two quarter profits may still face a slight reduction. Noodles.

Three, the outstanding contradictions and problems faced by the current enterprises

The outbreak of the epidemic has forced the relevant government departments to take special management measures, and all regions have taken a series of specific measures to strengthen the prevention of the spread of the epidemic. The implementation of the epidemic prevention and control measures has played an important role in blocking the spread of the epidemic and strengthening the treatment of patients, but it has also had an important impact on and challenges to the normal production and operation of enterprises. According to figures released by the National Bureau of Statistics Service Industry Survey and the China Federation of logistics and purchasing, in February 2020, China's manufacturing PMI fell to 35.7%. From the perspective of enterprise size, the PMI of large, medium and small enterprises was 36.3%, 35.5% and 34.1%, respectively, which decreased by 14.1, 14.6 and 14.5 percentage points respectively from last month. In the face of the severe new crown pneumonia epidemic, the continuous development of China's manufacturing industry is obviously facing great difficulties on the whole, and this difficulty does not come from a certain one or two aspects, but comes from a full range of three-dimensional impact.

Under this topic, the research group set up 15 options for enterprises, requiring enterprises to choose the factors that they think are most important to the enterprise. The survey results show that the outstanding impact of the epidemic on enterprises is mainly manifested in the following three aspects.

(1) increased cost pressures

The survey shows that 69.71% of enterprises believe that the cost pressure is increasing. Obviously, as mentioned above, the outbreak has resulted in an increase in the operating costs of enterprises from a number of angles, which has led to a decline in corporate profits, which has brought tremendous pressure to the survival and development of enterprises.

(two) raw materials and upstream parts can not be supplied normally.

The survey showed that 60.58% of the enterprises believed that raw materials and upstream parts could not be supplied normally. It is difficult for a skilled woman to make bricks without straw. The control of transportation and the failure of the upstream enterprises to resume normal production and production have restricted the timely and effective acquisition of raw materials and upstream parts, resulting in the failure of enterprises to operate normally.

(three) sales channels of products (services) are blocked.

The survey results show that 58.39% of enterprises believe that sales channels for products (services) are blocked. For enterprises, even if they can find ways to solve the supply of raw materials and spare parts, solve the difficulties of employees returning to posts and resume production, and successfully produce products or services, they also have to face the grim situation of sales channels hindered by epidemic control and control.

The specific choice of other options is shown in Figure 9.

　　 Fig. 9 main problems facing the sustainable development of enterprises at present

There are great differences in the problems faced by different ownership enterprises. State owned enterprises believe that the most serious problem facing enterprises is the obstruction of product (service) sales channels, and the most prominent problem for private enterprises is "increased pressure on cost expenditure".

There are also great differences in the problems faced by different industries. For transportation equipment and parts manufacturing industry, the most prominent problem is that raw materials and upstream parts can not be properly supplied; for building materials production, the most prominent problem is that logistics channels are not smooth; for the pharmaceutical and medical equipment manufacturing industry, the most prominent problem is that products (services) sales channels are blocked; for defense and processing industries, the most prominent questions are: The problem is that business negotiation activities have been significantly reduced.

Four, strengthen confidence and take the initiative to deal with the impact of the epidemic.

(1) about 3/4 enterprises have confidence in achieving the annual business objectives.

Faced with the serious impact of the epidemic, only with firm confidence can enterprises take the initiative to take scientific measures to overcome the difficulties and challenges they face at present, get rid of the haze of the epidemic situation, and ensure that the annual production and operation targets set at the beginning of this year can be fully realized, thus making outstanding contributions to the steady growth of the national economy.

The survey shows that enterprises still have confidence in completing the annual business plan and achieving the annual goal in 2020. Specifically, 13.14% of enterprises are confident of achieving the annual target, and 60.22% of enterprises are more confident. Together with the two, a total of about 3/4 of enterprises believe that the annual business plan can be achieved through profit. However, we should also note that 11.68% of the enterprises are short of confidence, 1.82% of them have no confidence at all, and 13.14% of the enterprises say it is difficult to judge at present. The above results show that in the face of severe epidemics, comprehensive assessment of the impact of outbreaks on enterprise production and operation, enterprises generally have confidence in sustainable development and completion of the annual business plan, but the difficulties can not be ignored.

(two) take active measures to cope with the epidemic situation.

The fundamental driving force for enterprise development lies in internal factors, that is, the transformation and innovation of enterprises themselves. Faced with difficulties and challenges, we must rely on enterprises' own initiative to make targeted adjustments and changes, so as to maximize the vitality of development, overcome difficulties and challenges, and achieve development. Obviously, the enterprises were not defeated by the epidemic. Instead, they showed firm confidence and took the initiative to take various measures to alleviate the adverse effects brought by the epidemic.

In this survey, the research group set up 10 measures that enterprises could take in the questionnaire, and provided other options. See Figure 10 for details.

　　 Fig. 10 measures for enterprises to cope with the epidemic situation

1., adjust the production plan, make follow-up arrangements, and catch up with the production progress after the epidemic. According to the survey results, 83.58% of enterprises chose to adjust their production plans flexibly according to the actual situation after the outbreak, and have already started the follow-up work arrangement, waiting for the end of the epidemic to go all out to catch up with the production schedule, so as to digest the adverse effects brought by the epidemic to the maximum extent.

2. innovative service, sales and management. The survey results show that 76.28% of enterprises believe that the epidemic makes the cost of enterprises rise and the cost pressure is resolved. Obviously, we need to innovate in management. We need to further strengthen cost management and dig out potential of cost saving. The epidemic caused the poor logistics and blocked sales channels, which forced the enterprises to have marketing innovation. In fact, the epidemic prevention method during the epidemic period significantly stimulated the growth of online sales. Based on the needs of epidemic prevention and control, on-site service has been seriously hindered. Remote service has become the only choice. For manufacturing enterprises, we must actively innovate in service mode and vigorously promote remote online services. In fact, for manufacturing enterprises, long distance service can not only overcome the interference of similar adverse factors such as epidemic situation, but also enhance the timeliness of enterprise services and reduce the cost of enterprise services.

3., strive for policy and financial support. The survey shows that 74.82% of enterprises choose to seek policy and financial support from government departments. The epidemic has hindered the normal turnover of production activities, and the capital turnover of enterprises will face greater pressure. Financial support has become one of the key needs for enterprises to cope with the epidemic. At the same time, the inclination of policy, whether for the case enterprises or the inclusive ones, will help to reduce the operating costs of enterprises, reduce the operational resistance of enterprises, and enhance the driving force of enterprise development.

In addition, enterprises should take measures to speed up the transformation of digitalization, online transformation, increase publicity and marketing efforts, and speed up the replacement of machines.

There is no significant difference in the confidence level of the different ownership enterprises in achieving the objectives of the 2020 business plan and in the strategy of positive self-help. Whether state-owned enterprises or private enterprises, "adjusting production plans, making follow-up arrangements, and fully catching up with production progress after the end of the epidemic" are the top priority for enterprises to carry out self rescue.

There is a significant difference between different industries in terms of confidence in implementing the 2020 business plan objectives and in the strategy of self rescue. "Innovative service mode, sales mode and management mode" are the top priority measures for transportation equipment and spare parts manufacturing industry. "Speeding up the replacement of machines" is the top priority in the five industries of chemical manufacturing, building materials production, machinery and equipment, consumer goods production, computers, communications equipment and their electronic equipment manufacturing. "Is the most preferential measures for the two industries of manufacturing industry, medicine and medical equipment manufacturing." adjusting production plans, making follow-up arrangements, and catching up with production progress after the epidemic are the most important measures to save themselves in three industries, namely, metal products, defense, food and beverage production.

Five, precise measures, vigorously help the trapped Enterprises

The development of enterprises under the severe impact of the epidemic is the task of the enterprise itself. It should rely more on internal causes to solve the problem. But it also needs the government's positive actions to provide the necessary and able help and support for the development of the trapped enterprises. In fact, promoting and ensuring sustained and stable economic and social development is both the government's obligation and the government's responsibility. Especially in the context of market failure, it is more necessary for the government to act positively to improve the irrational behavior of the market and provide assistance for economic and social development. The widespread outbreak of the current epidemic situation has obviously made the market deviate from the normal track and needs the government to take some measures to partially offset the adverse effects of market failure. Faced with the predicament caused by the epidemic, enterprises are actively carrying out self-help, and they also have high hopes for the government's bailout.

The survey shows that enterprises have shown a multi-dimensional appeal for the government to help enterprises out of difficulty. In the questionnaire, the research group set up 13 kinds of help measures expected by the government, and provided "other" options. In the survey, all 13 presupposition measures and "other" options have enterprise selection, which indicates that enterprises are facing the epidemic predicament and hope that the government can provide help to enterprises from multidimensional. See Figure 11 for details.

　　 Figure 11 enterprise's need for government assistance initiatives

(1) increase the intensity of tax reduction and tax reduction

Among all 13 possible supporting measures, the most urgent requirement for enterprises is to increase the intensity of tax reduction and tax reduction. Over the years, tax cuts and fees have indeed brought tangible benefits to enterprises, to a certain extent, easing the continued decline in corporate profits. However, the widespread outbreak and continuous spread of the epidemic seriously hampered the normal resumption of business and resumed production, leading to a sharp rise in operating costs and squeezing the narrow profit margins of enterprises. For enterprises, the most urgent task at present is to expand the living space and enrich the survival foundation. On the one hand, we need to increase revenue and reduce expenditure, enhance profitability and raise profitability. On the other hand, we hope that the government can increase the intensity of tax reduction and tax reduction, or at least be able to introduce more large-scale temporary tax reduction and tariff reduction measures.

(two) reduce the financing cost of enterprises

The second strength of the demand for relief assistance is to reduce the financing cost of enterprises. Under the pressure of the rising cost of the epidemic, the high cost of financing has undoubtedly become a pain point for enterprises to pay close attention to. It is precisely because of this that enterprises urgently hope that financial institutions can appropriately reduce the cost of financing to help enterprises tide over the current difficulties.

(three) strengthen public health security and improve the national emergency management system.

Strengthening public health security and improving the national emergency management system are third of the needs of the relief efforts. This is not only the current demand of enterprises, but also the long-term expectation of enterprises. After the SARS, a new outbreak of the new crown pneumonia outbreak was widespread, which fully exposed the problems existing in China's public health insurance and national emergency management system. In the process of enterprise resumption and resumption of production, enterprises suffered from improper management of resumption of work and resumption of production on the one hand, which delayed the resumption of labor and production. On the other hand, due to the lack of emergency support capability, the epidemic prevention materials could not be supplied in full and timely, forcing enterprises to delay the resumption of work and resume production. Therefore, it is precisely based on the profound lessons that have been encountered now that enterprises hope that the government departments can strengthen public health protection and improve the national emergency management system.

In addition, enterprises also hope that the government will expand domestic effective demand, establish high-quality enterprise bailout mechanism, attach importance to entrepreneurs' contribution, protect entrepreneurs' enthusiasm, and accelerate the establishment of benign relationship between government and enterprises.

Different ownership enterprises have little difference in appealing to the government. The top two measures are increasing tax reduction and lowering fees and reducing financing costs. The 3 to 5 demands of state-owned enterprises are to expand domestic effective demand, establish a quality enterprise bailout mechanism, strengthen public health insurance and improve the national emergency management system. The 3 to 5 demands of private enterprises are: strengthening public health security, improving the national emergency management system, paying attention to the contribution of entrepreneurs, protecting the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs, and expanding domestic effective demand.

Different industries have different demands for government support measures. Eight industries, such as transportation equipment and parts manufacturing, chemical manufacturing, building materials production, machinery and equipment, consumer goods production, comprehensive manufacturing, pharmaceutical and medical equipment manufacturing, computers, communication equipment and other electronic equipment manufacturing, all make "increase tax reduction and tax reduction efforts" as the first policy demands; "the emphasis on entrepreneurs' contribution and protection of entrepreneurial enthusiasm" is gold. It is the top priority policy requirement of the three industries of products, defense, food and beverage production.