Representatives Of NPC And CPPCC Held A Heated Discussion On Carbon Neutralization: Transformation Needs To Straighten Out The Mechanism To Promote The Development Of Renewable Energy

At the end of last year, China made a global commitment to achieve a carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Since then, relevant topics have been the focus of discussion in the community.

It is mentioned in the government work report of the NPC and CPPCC this year that we should do a solid job in carbon peak and carbon neutralization. We will formulate an action plan to reach the peak of carbon emissions by 2030. Optimize the industrial structure and energy structure. Promote clean and efficient utilization of coal, vigorously develop new energy, and actively and orderly develop nuclear power on the premise of ensuring safety. This is also the first time that "carbon neutral" has been included in the government work report.

"In the process of achieving the carbon peak in our country, we should strive for more provinces and cities to reach the peak during the 14th Five Year Plan period." Zhou Dadi, former director of the Energy Research Institute of the national development and Reform Commission, said at a recent seminar held by the Research Center for energy transformation and social development of Tsinghua University, "we need to mobilize all sectors of society to work together to reduce resistance and accelerate transformation."

Carbon neutral transformation needs to straighten out the mechanism

Many representatives mentioned in the proposal that carbon neutral transformation will straighten out the mechanism in the future.

Li Yonglin, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and deputy general manager of Sinopec, suggested that top-level legislation on climate change should be accelerated to help achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. "In order to better promote carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, it is suggested to speed up the top-level legislation to deal with climate change, and promote the formation of domestic policy joint forces to deal with climate change and carbon peaking and carbon neutralization." He said.

From the perspective of the global environment, the development of climate change related laws and regulations is a necessary condition to promote the realization of carbon neutral goal. At present, nearly 20 countries and regions have formulated laws and regulations related to climate change, and some have established management systems to deal with climate change through legislation. However, China has no superior law in the field of climate change. Therefore, we should speed up the establishment and improvement of climate change related laws and regulations.

Therefore, from the top-level design, the country should establish the goal of total carbon emission, coordinate the carbon emission policies and indicators of different developed regions and different functional areas, fully consider the positive impact of industrial structure adjustment on emission reduction contribution rate, and restrain the expansion of high-energy consumption industries.

"In the past, there was actually a reference to climate change law, but the target of total amount control at that time was not clear." Wang Yi, member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and vice president of the Academy of science and technology strategic consulting and Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, "it is necessary to make overall planning and revision. This is a systematic project, involving power law, coal law, renewable energy law, energy conservation law and even land use."

In addition to top-level carbon neutral laws and regulations, there are some mechanisms under the current system that need to be adjusted.

Zhang Lei, deputy to the National People's Congress and CEO of vision technology group, believes that the current dual control system of energy consumption is not perfect, and the policy guidance of total carbon emission control is clearer.

"Controlling the total amount of energy consumption across the board has deviated from the policy orientation of carbon neutrality." "In order to meet the energy consumption assessment, some regions have shut down and relocated high energy consuming industries, but they have not reduced energy consumption nationwide," Zhang Lei said

He believes that China needs to accelerate the increase of green power consumption, rather than passively control energy consumption. China will basically realize green power supply around 2040. If green power is not included in the energy consumption index, the assessment system will be more scientific and the policy guidance will be clearer.

In the process of carbon neutral transformation, the role of scientific and technological innovation is very obvious. Liu Zhongmin, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering, believes that major scientific and technological projects of carbon neutral should be set up at the national level, give full play to the advantages of the national system, transcend the field restrictions, accelerate the formation of a technical system that comprehensively supports China's realization of carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals, promote the comprehensive upgrading of China's energy system and industrial structure, and promote the construction of global ecological civilization To build a community of shared future for mankind.

Promoting the development of renewable energy

"In the past, there was always a view that the more renewable energy, the less safe." But now we import a lot of oil and natural gas every year, and the environmental pollution caused by coal production has not been solved. Therefore, the idea of maintaining the original energy structure and finding traditional energy solutions as soon as there is an energy problem is out of date. "

In his view, the problem now is how to make use of scientific and technological capabilities, manufacturing capabilities and mobilization capabilities to solve the new challenges encountered in the process of low-carbon. "Including the issue of stable and safe supply of energy, stable supply and improvement of security, we can't go back to coal-fired power once there is a problem." Zhou Dadi said.

At present, the development of renewable energy is also facing many problems. WISCO, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Xinjiang Jinfeng science and Technology Co., Ltd., believes that the market position of China's green power does not match with its strategic role. The grid connected wind power accounts for less than 10% of the wind and solar power, and there are problems such as abandoning wind power, abandoning light and low electricity price market-oriented trading. The phenomenon of not complying with the renewable energy law is more serious, and the lack of green power certification standards has seriously restricted green power The enthusiasm of production and consumption.

"From the supply side, China has been leading the global installed capacity of wind power photovoltaic for nearly a decade, and there is still a lot of capacity not released." WISCO said, "but now to achieve this goal, the biggest bottleneck lies in the consumer side, so that the whole society can actively take the lead in using green electricity through policy guidance."

He proposed to build a hundred carbon neutral and green city demonstration, build a green energy structure and introduce advanced low-carbon technologies; optimize the traditional industrial structure to promote industrial system emission reduction; develop green energy-saving buildings and build a low-carbon transportation system.

On the basis of sufficient renewable energy, we should also promote the transformation of the entire industrial system to low-carbon. Zhang Lei said that China has established a global leading green industry, especially in photovoltaic and wind power generation, energy storage and power battery, electric vehicles, intelligent Internet of things and other fields.

"China is the world's largest green economy and market, as well as one of the global green technology innovation centers. Together with green and intelligent energy infrastructure, China will lead China to establish a new zero carbon industrial system." "The new industrial system on top of this will also have a stronger ability to resist risks," Zhang said

He suggested that the top-level design and medium and long-term planning of the new zero carbon industrial system should be formulated. On the basis of formulating the schedule and roadmap of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization in various industries and fields, it is necessary to analyze the key technical routes and production equipment of carbon neutralization in this field. At the same time, we should vigorously develop renewable energy, expand the green energy equipment industry, and accelerate the cultivation of zero carbon energy application technology in key fields.

Hydrogen is a bright spot

During the two sessions, representatives from traditional energy companies also brought the thinking of building a low-carbon energy system.

Ma Yongsheng, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and general manager of Sinopec Group Co., Ltd., delivered a speech entitled "comprehensively implementing the new development concept and accelerating the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system" at the second plenary session of the fourth session of the 13th CPPCC National Committee.

He stressed that it is necessary to speed up structural optimization and ensure energy supply based on China; it is necessary to accelerate the development of non fossil energy and build a diversified energy supply system of coal, oil, gas, nuclear, new energy and renewable energy, so as to make non fossil energy become the main body of consumption increase by 2025.

In his proposal for the two sessions, he paid special attention to the development of hydrogen energy industry. According to the prediction of the international Hydrogen Energy Council, by 2050, hydrogen will meet 18% of the global end use energy demand and reduce Co_ 2 emissions of 6 billion tons. According to China hydrogen energy alliance, by 2050, China's hydrogen demand will be close to 60 million tons, and 700 million tons of CO can be reduced_ 2。

At present, China has made some significant progress in hydrogen energy related technologies. Since 2020, the state has successively issued the notice on developing demonstration application of fuel cell vehicles and the development plan of new energy vehicle industry (2021-2035).

At the same time, supporting plans and policies have been actively introduced to promote the continuous improvement of hydrogen energy R & D, preparation, storage, transportation and application chain. By the end of 2020, China has 7352 fuel cell vehicles, 128 hydrogenation stations have been built and 101 have been put into operation, ranking second in the world after Japan.

However, the hydrogen energy industry is still in the stage of pilot demonstration and market promotion, and there are still some problems in its long-term development. At the same time, infrastructure construction lags behind, and the scale of hydrogen supply and the total number of fuel cell vehicles are still very small. In the absence of national overall planning and top-level design, there are signs of similar industries and low-level repeated construction.

He suggested that we should adhere to the principle of green hydrogen, focus on hydrogen energy transportation and green hydrogen chemical industry, and increase the layout of high-purity hydrogen preparation, hydrogenation stations, hydrogen storage and transportation facilities, and hydrogen fuel cells in advance. At the same time, focusing on the joint research of industry, University and research in the whole industrial chain of hydrogen energy, we will explore and promote the technology upgrading and breakthrough of the whole industrial chain from the production, storage and transportation to the application of hydrogen energy, so as to catch up with and surpass the international advanced level as soon as possible. Qi Yu, reporting group of the National People's Congress and the National People's Congress of China Southern finance and economics all media group reports from Beijing

?