Li Chengxia: It Is Imperative To Strengthen The Training Of High Skilled Talents And Carry Out Modern Apprenticeship In Enterprises

Recommendation 1 suggestions on cotton quota allocation

Under the influence of Sino US relations, export-oriented enterprises have been greatly affected in recent two years, especially those engaged in cotton textile export. In the early stage, some European and American brands, especially the American brand companies, required to sign a letter of commitment not to use Xinjiang cotton. In the past year, European and American brand companies have been asking for the certificate of origin of raw materials, BCI certificate and organic cotton certificate of non Xinjiang cotton when placing orders for fabrics and garments. Recently, some American brands have even proposed that Chinese cotton should not be used. Recently, a brand company in the United States hired a third-party company to sample, seal and submit samples of raw materials, work in process, finished products, and finished products (including cotton, yarn, in-process fabrics, finished fabrics, and clothing) used by several domestic enterprises. The whole process of camera shooting is operated by third-party personnel, and the process is very strict. If they find out that there are non imported cotton in the varieties they place an order, the enterprise will face return and sky high price claims.

Although enterprises are now actively engaged in the dual cycle market, textile industry itself is an industry in which supply exceeds demand, and some of them should be exported. Otherwise, textile enterprises will have a deep reshuffle, and a considerable number of employees will be unemployed, causing social problems. Take the denim industry as an example, 1 / 3 of the domestic fabric production capacity is enough to meet the domestic market consumption. Therefore, fabric and clothing export has become an inevitable choice. However, due to the political repression of brands such as the United States, exports are facing great pressure. The current competition is global competition, so the market will be ceded to Southeast Asia and other countries, such as Vietnam and India. Textile has always made a great contribution to the country's foreign exchange earning. If the limited export decreases, the foreign exchange earning will also decrease accordingly.

Denim fabrics are mainly coarse count, with a large amount of cotton. If imported yarn is used, it will create jobs in India, Pakistan, Vietnam and other countries. The use of imported cotton is subject to quota restrictions. At present, the quota policy takes 50000 ingots as the threshold for application. Generally, most factories with 50000 ingots mainly use medium and high expenditure. The quota was originally used to encourage exports. Many textile mills and their downstream customers did not export, so the quota was useless. In view of this situation, it is suggested that enterprises with high cotton consumption but less than 50000 spindles and mainly export-oriented enterprises can apply for quota. The quota can be issued based on the actual export cotton consumption of the customs in the previous year.

Suggestion 2 suggestions on speeding up the training of high skilled personnel

China's vocational colleges are under the supervision of different ministries and commissions. Among them, there are about 1300 higher vocational schools under the supervision of the Ministry of education, about 23000 secondary vocational schools, and more than 2900 technical schools under the supervision of the Ministry of human resources and social security. In terms of training ideas, the Ministry of human resources and social security pays more attention to the needs of enterprises and students' career development, while the Ministry of education pays more attention to school development and students' academic requirements. At present, China's high skilled talents account for about 20% of the workers. Compared with developed countries, the gap is very large, which restricts the development of China's manufacturing industry to a certain extent. If China wants to develop into a manufacturing power, it is necessary to speed up the training of high skilled talents. Especially in small and medium-sized private enterprises, the lack of high skilled workers is particularly serious, which affects the development of enterprises and local economy.

In recent years, China has spent a lot of energy on the cultivation of high skilled talents. In particular, the state has implemented the vocational skill upgrading action, with 100 billion yuan. From 2019 to 2021, more than 50 million people will be trained in various subsidized vocational skills. In recent years, vocational colleges have developed and expanded, but there is still a big gap between the teaching methods and the actual needs. Practice has proved that skills and technical knowledge and skills can only be learned through apprenticeship, which can not be satisfied only by school education. Many skills of modern manufacturing industry, especially the knowledge and skills adapted to high and new technology, can only be learned in the working process. It is impossible to learn more comprehensive technology in school. Although there is time to practice in enterprises, it is basically to do some basic work. Even if you graduate to work, from graduation to growing into a high-quality and highly skilled talent, you have to go through a long period of experience accumulation. In this process, if you lack the master's guidance key points, you can only explore your own growth path It's very hard and bumpy. At present, there are two main reasons for the difficulty in training technicians in Enterprises: one is that some parents want their children to learn more cultural knowledge. Parents want students to receive more school education rather than internship in enterprises. There are also students and parents worried that too much internship may become a cheap labor force for enterprises. Second, the cultivation of students in school is out of line with the needs of enterprises. The practical operation ability of students is generally weak and their work experience is insufficient. In small and medium-sized private enterprises, employees usually have heavy tasks, heavy workload and high repetition of labor. In addition, the owners of enterprises are worried about the outflow of core technology and the brain drain of training, so the enthusiasm of training new employees is not high.

Therefore, it is imperative to carry out enterprise modern apprenticeship as an important training mode of vocational education from the spontaneous exploration of enterprises and schools to the pilot of national level. However, in practice, in addition to exploring the establishment of school enterprise cooperation mechanism and unified training standards, it also needs the cooperation between ministries and commissions to implement it. Therefore, it is suggested that:

1. Build the corresponding enterprise staff training platform. Relying on the national vocational skills promotion action, led by the government departments, playing the role of vocational skills training platforms in various regions, organizing on-the-job employees of small and medium-sized private enterprises to carry out targeted technical training, extensively carried out "Internet + skill training", and supported the training work of small and medium-sized enterprises from the aspects of Taxation and other aspects. We will further promote lifelong education and training, guide enterprises to independently carry out vocational skill level identification, and carry out career planning and design for skilled talents. According to the needs of production, operation and technological innovation, enterprises put forward the "training menu" to enhance their education and ability according to their different career stages.

2. Develop training courses that meet the needs of enterprises. First, according to different skill levels and the actual situation of the enterprise, organize experts to formulate skill training courses at different stages, and promote the implementation in combination with skill level assessment and assessment methods. Vocational colleges and technical colleges should be encouraged to actively undertake the education and training of technical workers' quality improvement, strengthen the integration of schools and enterprises, adopt flexible and diversified forms such as Internet + remote training, flexible credit system training, online training and offline training, and develop vocational training packages, so as to carry out staff training and academic degree improvement according to the "training menu". The second is to speed up the implementation of national vocational skill level certification, so that technical workers can "have certificates for examination". Enterprises should be given more rights to self-evaluation of skilled talents, and enterprises should be supported to develop their own assessment of skilled talents according to the national vocational skill standards. If there is no national vocational skill standards, the evaluation standards can be developed independently after approval. The talents who have obtained the relevant certificates of vocational skills issued by the enterprise can enjoy the policies of vocational training, vocational skill appraisal subsidy and so on.

3. Improve the treatment of skilled workers. Suggestions: first, research and formulate special incentive policies from the top-level design. Support enterprises to ensure the needs of special skilled personnel in key positions, and promote the sustainable development of enterprises. In view of the fact that the society is generally unwilling to engage in some industries (types of work) who are in short supply at the same time, the individual income tax reduction and exemption policy is implemented. 2、 It is necessary for the relevant departments in all localities to earnestly perform the supervision responsibility of the implementation of enterprise staff education and training funds according to law, establish a normalized supervision mechanism for enterprise education funds, and ensure the implementation of the national trillions of enterprise education funds. The establishment of skill salary mechanism, such as special post allowance, apprentice allowance and technical level subsidy for skilled personnel, is included in one of the important basis for enterprises to evaluate the excellent and star. Guide enterprises to establish a system of equal treatment for senior workers, technicians and senior technicians with assistant engineers, engineers and senior engineers in terms of learning, post appointment and promotion. 3、 It is to implement as soon as possible "the graduates of intermediate class, senior class and preparatory technician (technician) class in full-time technical colleges shall enjoy relevant treatment in terms of participating in recruitment of civil servants, recruitment of enterprises and institutions, determination of wages and salaries, assessment of professional titles and promotion of positions by referring to the educational background of technical secondary school, junior college and undergraduate respectively. In addition to formulating policies, the relevant departments should strengthen the supervision and supervision of the implementation of policies to ensure that the policies are not failed.

4. Give full play to the role of craftsmen and skilled masters of great powers. The master studio, which is limited in the enterprise, becomes the leader in promoting the technical progress of the industry, and promotes the overall skill improvement of the technical workers in the industry. Suggestions: first, introduce a subsidy policy to vigorously support outstanding technical workers such as enterprise skill masters, model workers, and artisan studio leaders, and establish "skill master workstation" in industrial enterprises, vocational colleges and grassroots communities for skill inheritance, education and training. We will promote the senior management and senior workers of key enterprises and the technical and skilled personnel in the production line to enter vocational colleges as part-time teachers and industry professors, integrate production and education, and cooperate with schools and enterprises, and further promote the spirit of model workers, labor spirit and craftsmanship.

5. Establish a unified national apprenticeship training standard. Suggestions: first, we should study the New Apprenticeship System of the Ministry of human resources and social security for enterprise employees and the modern apprenticeship training mode for vocational college students carried out by the Ministry of education, give full play to the characteristics of each mode, further increase the funding and expand the training scale. The second is to speed up to make up for the shortage of young skilled personnel training in "one old and one new" industry. Traditional industries such as Gongmei handicrafts, artificial intelligence and other emerging industries, relying on industry associations and industrial groups, according to the actual skills and posts, carry out the special "young craftsman training plan" and implement the corresponding skill training subsidies, so as to solve the training problems of young craftsmen and technicians in the "one old and one new" industry.