Analysis Of Future Development Of World Footwear Industry
Globally, most of the world's shoemaking countries are Asia's China, India, Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand, Italy, Spain and Portugal, as well as Brazil, South America. There are 3-4 000 shoe making enterprises in the world, and nearly 10 million employees in shoe making industry, footwear industry, shoe machine and other related industries.
China is the largest shoe producing country and exporter in the world. In recent years, China has produced over 10 billion pairs of shoes each year, accounting for more than 60% of the total global shoe making. It is the largest footwear manufacturing base in the world and the largest footwear exporter in the world. In 2006, China's footwear exports amounted to 7 billion 650 million pairs, with a total export value of US $21 billion 810 million, and exports accounted for more than 53% of the world's total exports.
India is the second largest footwear producer in the world after China. At present, India has about 2 billion pairs of shoes annually, about 4000 shoemaking and related enterprises, of which about 500 are large enterprises and 3500 are small and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises account for about 60% to 65% of the total output of footwear in India. Large enterprises generally provide high quality products, mainly for international brand processing.
Brazil is the third largest producer of shoes in the world. The quality and price of women's shoes occupy an important share in the world. At present, there are 7200 shoe making enterprises in Brazil, with 300 thousand employees, 700 million pairs of shoes per year, and 180 million pairs of annual export shoes.
Vietnam is the fourth largest shoemaking country in the world, with about 400 shoemaking enterprises and about 500 thousand employees. Vietnam now produces 4-6 billion pairs of shoes, 90% of which are exported. In 2006, the total value of Vietnam's footwear exports was $3 billion 550 million; in 2007, the total value of footwear exports reached 3 billion 200 million US dollars, up 9.9% over the same period last year.
Italy is the most important old shoe making power in Europe and the world. At present, about more than 200 million pairs of shoes are produced annually, and 51% of the products are located in the high-end market. In Italy, there are 3 areas mainly producing high-end shoes, the first is SanMauroPoli, a total of 270 companies, annual output of 15 million pairs of shoes. The second one is RivieradelBrenta, with nearly 1000 enterprises, mainly producing high-end women's shoes. The third one is Ma Kai's Fairmo and Ma La tower, about 3300 companies, with a total sales volume of 1 billion euros, and about 60% of their products are exported to foreign countries.
Spain is the second largest footwear producer in the European Union. The annual output of the country is around 100 million pairs, because the competition between Asian countries and Latin American countries has completely changed the business strategy of the Spanish shoe industry. Today, they have shifted their product positioning from the main middle shift to the high-end products with high quality design projects. The Spanish footwear industry has shifted from low-cost production centers to one of the world's middle end and high-end footwear production sites.
Portugal is also an important footwear producing country in Europe. In 2003, there were 1900 shoemaking enterprises, with an annual output of 91 million 800 thousand pairs, which has been decreasing in recent years. Most of the Portuguese shoe factories are mainly made up of shoe manufacturers in Italy and other countries. The products are mainly medium and low grade. With the intensification of competition in the international market and the pfer of industries, the Portuguese footwear industry has begun to relocate after a period of recession, moving towards the middle and high-end products, advocating self design, building its own brand and developing the international market.
In the aspect of footwear consumption market, the main consumer market of global footwear products is concentrated in two categories, one is developed countries and regions, such as the United States, the European Union, Japan, Canada, and other countries and regions with large population, such as China, India, Brazil, Indonesia and so on.
According to the international statistics, after entering twenty-first Century, the top 10 footwear consumers in the world are: China (2 billion 257 million pairs), the United States (2 billion 133 million pairs) India (2 billion 9 million pairs), Japan (620 million pairs), Brazil (552 million pairs) Indonesia (480 million pairs), France (330 million pairs), Germany (324 million pairs), Britain (278 million pairs) and Pakistan (230 million pairs).
In these countries, China, India, Brazil, Indonesia and other countries have a large population and have a huge consumption market for footwear products. But at the same time, these countries have a large number of shoe making enterprises, whose products can meet most domestic needs and have little demand for external products. With the economic development of these countries, the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the increasing consumption ability and awareness, the growth of the consumption market of footwear products is enormous. These countries will be the most potential market for shoe products consumption, and also the most potential market for footwear products export.
2.全球主要鞋業(yè)生產(chǎn)國的優(yōu)劣勢比較
Shoemaking industry is a labor-intensive industry. Its development and pfer are affected and restricted by many factors such as land resources, labor costs, raw material supply, environmental protection and sales market.
Because of the pursuit of profit maximization in the world's major consumer markets and footwear manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers, we must take into account the important factors mentioned above, making the focus of the global footwear industry constantly shifting. The center of the early global footwear industry in Europe, Italy, Spain, Portugal and other countries, began in the 60s and 70s of last century to the relatively low cost of Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Hongkong and other countries and regions.
At the end of the 80 generation of the last century and the beginning of the 90s, it moved to the coastal areas of the mainland of China, where the land labor cost is lower, the industrial resources are richer and the investment environment is more perfect. By 1996, China has become the world's largest footwear production and export country. In the next 10 years, China's shoemaking industry is thriving, growing and growing every year with the growth rate of 10%-20%.
During this period, the market of Vietnam and India also provided the international footwear giant with another choice of labor resources and low cost industries, thus making the footwear industry in two regions develop rapidly. So far, Asian countries including China, Vietnam, India, Indonesia and Thailand have provided more than 85% footwear products to the global market and become the center of the global footwear industry.
At present, China's footwear industry is still the most competitive advantage in terms of comprehensive competitiveness. After nearly 20 years of development, China's footwear industry has built up a sound upstream and downstream industry chain, forming various industrial clusters of footwear production, establishing a complete market for footwear products and shoe materials, and developing research centers and information centers for footwear.
Although China's footwear industry is also facing the influence of domestic policy factors and rising labor costs, as well as from India, Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia and other countries in the competition of low and medium footwear, there are competition among Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and other countries in high-end shoes, but the comprehensive competitive advantage of China's footwear industry is still no match for other countries. Although India has a large population, vast land and almost the same price as China, it is still difficult to compete with China in terms of raw materials matching, industrial foundation and industrial workers.
Although Vietnam is the first choice for Chinese footwear industry, especially Taiwanese shoe factories, with the increase of Vietnamese shoe factories, the cost of labor and land will surpass that of mainland China, while Vietnam's raw material supply, industrial foundation and domestic market potential are more difficult to compare with China. As officials from the United Nations Industrial Division say, for a long time, it is difficult to find a better country for shoes development than China.
Long Yongguo, Secretary General of the Boao forum for Asia, also believes that at least for a long time, China's footwear industry will not be pferred to other countries. Of course, in the current situation, some of them are not suitable for the shoe factories that do not continue to develop in the new environment.
Editor in chief: Xu Qiyun
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