Li Keqiang: On Adjusting Economic Structure And Promoting Sustainable Development

Starting from the realization of the future development goals, the Seventeenth National Congress of the CPC clearly put forward the strategic task of accelerating the pformation of the mode of economic development.

At the end of last year, the central economic work conference held a comprehensive analysis of the international and domestic economic situation, and made a comprehensive arrangement for speeding up the pformation of the mode of economic development. It emphasized that speeding up the pformation of the mode of economic development is a profound change in the economic field of our country, which is related to the overall situation of reform and opening up and socialist modernization.

The key to changing the mode of economic development is to work hard and achieve substantial results in the two words of "speed up".

Readjustment of the economic structure is an important part of the pformation of the mode of development, and is of decisive significance for speeding up the pformation of the mode of economic development.

Adjusting the economic structure is not only aimed at solving the deep-seated contradictions in the economic operation, but also expanding the development space and enhancing the long-term motive force of economic development, so that economic growth is built on the basis of structural optimization and the sustainability is enhanced.

Readjustment of the economic structure is the fundamental way to enhance the overall quality and risk tolerance of the national economy and win the initiative in international economic competition in the post international financial crisis.

　　一、我國已進入只有調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)才能促進持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期

In the past 60 years since the founding of new China, especially in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economic development has made brilliant achievements. While the total economic volume is expanding rapidly, the economic structure has been constantly adjusted and optimized.

However, deep-rooted contradictions and problems with irrational economic structure always exist.

The international financial crisis has made great changes in the external environment of China's development. The economic structure is facing both severe challenges and a new strategic adjustment opportunity.

We must enhance the sense of urgency and self-consciousness of economic restructuring in order to promote long-term and steady and rapid development of our national economy, from the perspective of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and speeding up socialist modernization.

(1) promoting economic restructuring is an inevitable requirement to continue to cope with the international financial crisis and conform to the trend of world economic development in the post international financial crisis era.

At present, the world economy has undergone some new changes in the great adjustment and great changes, which has created tremendous pressure and forced mechanism for China's economic restructuring.

First, the growth of the world economy is slowing down, and the demand of the international market is restrained.

At present, the world economy has experienced the most difficult stage and signs of warmer growth.

However, the foundation for the comprehensive recovery of the world economy is not solid, and the impact of the international financial crisis has not yet been eliminated.

The unemployment rate of the developed economies such as the United States and the European Union is still at a high level. The real estate and financial industries that have been badly hit in the financial crisis have yet to be restored, and the real economic growth is weak. The new economic growth point is hard to form in the short term. The sovereign debt risks of some countries are exposed continuously, and the recovery of the world economy will be a slow and complex process.

Under such circumstances, Global trade and investment growth will not be able to return to the level before the international financial crisis in the short term. At the same time, some countries are also planning to link carbon emissions to trade, and impose so-called "carbon tariffs". The rise of protectionism in various forms may restrict China's support and expansion of external demand.

Two, the original growth mode of the world economy is difficult to continue, and the development pattern is facing deep adjustment.

The international financial crisis has caused a great impact on the growth mode of over reliance on virtual economy in developed countries, and some government officials and scholars in some countries have put forward the policy assumptions and goals of "rebalancing", "re industrialization", and expanding trade deficit in the world economy.

Although the long-term trend of economic globalization is irreversible, the adjustment and pformation of this global economic pattern will undoubtedly have a profound impact on China's economic development mode.

Three, the world's scientific and technological innovation breeds new breakthroughs, and the pace of industrial upgrading accelerates.

The international financial crisis has stimulated the acceleration of technological progress and innovation, and promoted the industrial pformation and structural adjustment in the world.

The developed countries speed up the adjustment of science and technology and industry development strategy, and regard green, low carbon technology and industrialization as breakthrough points.

Last year, the US launched the green economic recovery plan and the EU's green technology research and development plan, all of which were aimed at shaping new competitive advantages and seizing the new commanding heights.

Generally speaking, China's industry is still at the low end of the international industrial chain. If we can not grasp the trend and seize the opportunity, we will widen the gap between the developed countries and the developed countries.

Four, the external pressure faced by China's economic restructuring has increased.

With the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength and international influence, economic cooperation with other countries in the world will be more closely related, and competition in some areas may also tend to increase.

Global issues such as climate change, food security, energy and resources security are intricate, and the external environment is unstable and uncertain.

Under such circumstances, we should accelerate the pformation of the mode of economic development and the adjustment of the economic structure, further work well in tackling climate change and cooperation in energy and resources, play a constructive role in properly solving hot issues and global problems, and help maintain the external environment for peaceful development.

(two) promoting structural readjustment is the fundamental measure to solve the deep-seated contradictions in the domestic economic development.

Over the past 30 years since reform and opening up, China's economy has been developing continuously and rapidly. At present, the total economic volume has ranked the top three in the world. It has become the largest emerging economy and the largest industrial and manufacturing power in the world.

However, we should also see that our development has also paid a great price. The problems of irrational economic structure accumulation, unbalanced development, incoordination and unsustainable development are becoming more and more obvious, which are manifested in the unbalance of demand structure, incoordination of supply structure, low efficiency of factor utilization, great environmental damage and unreasonable layout of space.

From the view of demand structure, it is mainly domestic demand and foreign demand, investment and consumption imbalance.

Over the years, our country's economic dependence on foreign trade has been increasing, and the economic growth depends on the international market to a large extent.

At the same time, the investment rate is high and the consumption rate is low.

According to the calculation, the rate of capital formation in China rose from about 32% in the early 80s to 46.8% in 2009, and the final consumption rate dropped from about 67% to 48.6% in the same period.

The lack of consumption is also related to the irrational income distribution structure, and the proportion of residents' income in the national income distribution is low, which affects the improvement of the consumption demand of the residents.

As a big country, our country relies mainly on investment and foreign demand to stimulate economic growth for a long time, which will increase the instability of the economy and is not conducive to the virtuous cycle of the national economy.

From the perspective of industrial structure, it is mainly due to the uncoordinated development of the three industries, the weak agricultural foundation, the large and weak industries, the lagging development of the service industry, and the overcapacity of some industries.

In 2009, China's service sector accounted for 42.6% of GDP.

According to world bank data, in recent years, the proportion of service industry in middle income countries is 53%, the proportion of service industry in high income countries is 72.5%, the proportion of service industry in low-income countries is 46.1%, and the development of service industry in China is obviously lagging behind.

At the same time, the proportion of China's industrial added value to GDP has exceeded the highest value in the industrialized period of the developed countries.

The irrational industrial structure has increased the pressure of resources and environment and the pressure of employment. It also restricts the improvement of the overall quality of the national economy and the sustained development of the economy.

From the perspective of urban and rural structure, the development of urbanization is lagging behind, the development of central and western regions is lagging behind, and the living conditions and basic public services between urban and rural areas are relatively large.

In 2009, the ratio of income between urban and rural residents in China was 3.33: 1, and the ratio of per capita GDP in the eastern region to that in the central and western regions was 2.2: 1.

The irrational urban and rural structure is not only related to the expansion of domestic demand and the expansion of development space, but also to social harmony and stability.

From the perspective of factor input structure, it is mainly due to the high consumption of resources, the increasing environmental pressure, and the increasingly constraint of resources and environment.

The proportion of China's main resource products consumption in the world's total consumption is obviously greater than that of GDP in the global economy.

Although many of the products produced are for export, the consumption of resources per unit product is obviously higher than that of developed countries.

At the same time, the consumption of water resources and land resources is also great, and the cost of the ecological environment is also great.

The contradiction between economic development and resources and environment is a major challenge that we need to face for a long time in our modernization drive.

Economic structural adjustment involves many aspects. The above structural problems are the main causes of the low quality and efficiency of China's economic growth.

In the coming period, these structural contradictions will become more prominent.

Without adjusting the economic structure, it is difficult to maintain the smooth operation of the economy, so it is difficult to achieve sustained economic development.

(three) promoting economic restructuring is an urgent need to consolidate the current trend of economic recovery.

Readjustment of the economic structure is not only a long-term strategic task, but also an urgent task at present.

The key to doing well this year's economic work is to correctly handle the relationship between maintaining stable and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure and managing inflation expectations.

In the three party relations, adjusting the economic structure is a combination point and breakthrough point, which can play an important role in balancing and regulating.

Adjusting the economic structure is conducive to maintaining steady and rapid economic development.

Over the past year, we have fully implemented and continuously improved the package plan and policy measures to deal with the impact of the international financial crisis, and achieved remarkable results in ensuring growth, ensuring people's livelihood and maintaining stability.

But the endogenous driving force of economic growth is still insufficient.

To consolidate and develop the momentum of economic recovery, we need to face the real and potential market demand and tap the potential of demand. We need to adjust the structure, grasp innovation, foster new growth points, and make short-term recovery growth a long-term sustainable development.

At the same time, in view of the overcapacity of some industries, especially those with high energy consumption and high emission, we need to eliminate backward production capacity in time and prevent duplication of construction.

The sooner we start, the less we lose, the more we work late and the more expensive it is.

Adjusting the economic structure is conducive to managing inflation expectations.

At present, China's price level is generally stable.

But since last November, the consumer price index has increased from negative to positive.

Inflationary expectations are seen by many factors, such as international market commodity prices and rising domestic asset prices.

Increasing economic restructuring and strengthening demand side management can slow down dependence on imports of energy and resources products and guard against imported inflation, which is conducive to managing inflation expectations.

In short, economic restructuring is an effective guarantee for promoting sound and rapid economic development.

The adjustment of our economic structure is guaranteed by pressure, promotion and control.

This adjustment is an important foundation for improving quality, efficiency and competitiveness, an important guarantee for achieving sustainable development and sustainable development, and an adjustment conducive to development.

We should adjust the economic structure as an important part of pforming the mode of economic development, and start with solving the structural problems that have a greater impact on the national economy. This will not only provide support for the steady and rapid development of the economy, but also create conditions for the realization of the future development goals.

{page_break}

　　二、立足擴大內(nèi)需調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)，增強持續(xù)發(fā)展能力

Expanding domestic demand is the basic foothold and long-term strategic policy of China's economic development, and is also the primary task of adjusting the economic structure.

We should strive to expand consumer demand and strive to achieve coordinated growth in consumption, investment and exports on the premise of properly handling the relationship between expanding domestic demand and stabilizing external demand, increasing investment and expanding consumption.

(1) sticking to domestic demand and combining internal and external needs.

Since the reform and opening up, external demand has played an important role in promoting the sustained and rapid development of China's economy.

In 2009, despite the severe impact of the international financial crisis, China's exports of goods still amounted to US $1 trillion and 200 billion, becoming the world's largest exporter.

At the same time, China's import scale has been expanding. Last year, the import volume of goods exceeded US $1 trillion, becoming the second largest importer in the world.

By utilizing the international market and introducing capital, it not only expanded our market space, increased employment, but also brought advanced technology, management experience, high-quality talents and mechanism innovation and concept renewal.

External demand plays an indispensable role in China's economic development.

At the same time, we should also see that domestic demand is the only way for China's sustained development.

International experience shows that economic growth of large countries is mainly supported by domestic demand.

In 2008, the proportion of domestic demand in the US and India accounted for 92% and 88% respectively.

In the same year, China's share was only 72.8%, which was lower among all major powers.

China has a large population, vast territory and large room for maneuver. It is in the stage of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization. There is enormous room and potential for expanding domestic demand.

Foothold in expanding domestic demand is also the need to firmly grasp the initiative of development.

It should be noted that external demand is often affected by many unexpected and unexpected factors, and the change is not what we can control.

We succeeded in coping with the Asian financial crisis and the international financial crisis in 1997. We resisted external shocks and achieved economic recovery.

It needs to be pointed out that expanding domestic demand is not a contraction of external demand, but is aimed at enhancing domestic demand, especially the consumption demand of residents, as well as the sustained pulling effect on economic growth while stabilizing and expanding external demand.

The expansion of domestic demand in China is to expand domestic demand under open conditions rather than self balancing, and to stabilize and expand external demand is based on stability and expansion of external demand on the basis of changing the mode of foreign trade growth, rather than simply expanding export scale.

While maintaining the status of a large foreign trade, we should gradually play a new role in the major powers of foreign investment and make full use of two international and domestic markets and two kinds of resources.

Therefore, domestic demand is the main demand, and domestic demand and external demand constitute the market space for China's economic development.

To coordinate the two major domestic and international situations and coordinate domestic development and opening to the outside world, we should give full play to comparative advantages, maintain and increase our share in the international market, and give full play to the huge potential of domestic demand and establish economic growth on a solid domestic demand basis.

All these are the proper meanings of adjusting the economic structure.

(two) actively seeking the combination of investment and consumption.

Expanding domestic demand includes expanding investment demand and consumption demand.

In China's current development stage, there is still much room for investment demand.

In response to the impact of the international financial crisis, investment has the fastest effect on economic growth and has played an important role in stabilizing the economy.

At the same time, we must also see that the long-term dependence on investment driven economic growth is unsustainable.

We should focus on the adjustment of the investment structure so that investment can further tilt towards ensuring and improving people's livelihood, tilting to the weak links of economic and social development, tilting to independent innovation, and tilting to energy saving and environmental protection.

At the same time, we should improve policies and measures to promote private investment, encourage and guide private investment to invest more in infrastructure, social undertakings, municipal public utilities and social services, and better play the positive role of private investment in expanding domestic demand.

The emphasis of investment structure optimization should be on investment promotion consumption.

Consumer demand is the ultimate demand, and investment demand is closely related to consumption demand.

Seeking the combination of investment and consumption can not only increase investment and increase growth, but also expand consumption, benefit people's livelihood, promote sustainable development, and play a role of "one stone and many birds". This is a successful experience in coping with the impact of the international financial crisis.

If the 10 measures introduced by the central government in November 2008 to expand domestic demand and promote economic growth, the first place is affordable housing projects.

It not only alleviates the housing difficulties of some low-income residents, but also stimulates the consumption of decoration, furniture, household appliances, and so on, and drives the consumption of residents.

For example, investing in livelihood projects and infrastructure in rural areas has created conditions for home appliances to the countryside and cars to the countryside, supporting the consumption of residents.

Some of the investment can be directly converted into labor wages, which is conducive to increasing household consumption.

In a considerable period of time, China's investment and exports have gradually formed a strong circular relationship. The increase of exports has led to investment, and the expansion of investment has promoted the increase of export capacity.

In the future, efforts should be made to achieve a virtuous cycle between investment and consumption, with investment in consumption and investment in consumption.

The organic combination of investment and consumption is not an expedient measure. It is a long-term strategy to optimize investment structure and expand domestic demand.

(three) expanding consumption demand as the main focus of expanding domestic demand.

Expanding domestic consumption is the focus of expanding domestic demand.

We say that insufficient domestic demand is mainly due to the insufficient consumption demand of residents.

The consumption rate of residents in China is relatively low, and there is plenty of room to expand.

We need to take measures to expand residents' consumption.

First, consummate the consumption policy.

We should sum up our experience in stimulating consumption policies such as home appliances to the countryside, and constantly enrich and improve relevant policies.

However, the expansion of household consumption can not rely on government subsidies for a long time. We must explore various ways and establish a long-term mechanism.

Two is to improve the consumption environment.

We should establish and improve the standards of consumer laws and regulations, market circulation system, rectify and standardize the market order, ensure food and drug safety, at the same time, improve the credit system, develop consumer credit, provide quality services, and enable the masses to feel comfortable spending and convenient consumption.

Three is to foster consumption hotspots.

We should support residents' self occupation and improve their demand for housing, increase consumption of culture, sports, tourism, training and housekeeping, and guide the upgrading of consumption structure.

The key to expanding the consumption of residents is to increase the consumption power of residents. This requires adjusting the structure of national income distribution and raising the income level of residents, especially low and middle income residents.

At present, we should pay more attention to the role of employment and labor remuneration in one distribution, pay more attention to the role of social security and public services in the two distribution, and serve as an important breakthrough in adjusting the distribution structure of national income.

Employment is the source of livelihood and the source of income.

We need to implement a more active employment policy and do everything possible to increase employment.

Only when the scale of employment expands and the income of labourers increases, can we expand consumption.

Social security is a "safety net".

By speeding up the construction of social security system, we can relieve the worries of residents' consumption and enhance their willingness to consume.

Efforts should be made to increase investment and speed up social security systems such as pension, health care and minimum living standards.

Social security and public services are social consumption in themselves.

We should distinguish between basic and non essential protection and services rationally, and focus on "protecting the basic, strengthening the grass-roots level and laying the foundation". We should concentrate our efforts on providing basic public services, and do the most urgent tasks of the masses and the government's ability to do everything within our power.

The fundamental measure is to increase the proportion of residents' income in the distribution of national income and the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, and strive to coordinate the income growth of urban and rural residents, the growth of labor remuneration and economic growth.

This requires a gradual expansion of the proportion of middle-income people, and efforts to form an olive type income distribution structure.

Adjusting the structure of national income distribution is a major matter related to the overall situation of reform, development and stability. We need to pay close attention to it and take effective measures.

This adjustment involves various aspects of the adjustment of the interests pattern, which needs in-depth study and actively and steadily push forward.

{page_break}

　　三、把城鎮(zhèn)化作為擴大內(nèi)需的戰(zhàn)略重點，拓展持續(xù)發(fā)展空間

Urbanization is an objective trend of economic and social development.

We talked about expanding domestic demand, the largest domestic demand in urbanization, and the most abundant domestic demand potential in urbanization.

At present and for a long time to come, urbanization in China is in a stage of rapid development.

In this historical stage, we should speed up urbanization, adjust and optimize the urban and rural areas and regional structure, expand consumption demand and investment demand, and promote long-term stable and rapid economic development.

(1) promoting urbanization is a major strategy concerning the overall situation of modernization.

The level of urbanization is an important symbol of a country's industrialization and modernization.

From the perspective of the history of world development since the industrial revolution, we must synchronize urbanization while promoting industrialization.

Some international organizations usually measure the development level of a country by means of GDP per capita, industrialization rate, three industrial structure and urbanization rate.

Since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization has been developing steadily. In 2009, the proportion of urban population in the total population reached 46.6%.

But in general, the level of urbanization in China is still lagging behind the level of industrialization, not only far below that of developed countries, but also lower than the world average level.

According to statistics, the urbanization rate of developed countries is generally close to or higher than 80%, and the per capita income is similar to that of neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Philippines, whose urbanization rate is above 60%.

The low level of urbanization development restricts the expansion of domestic demand, affects the upgrading of industrial structure, and is also an important reason for the uncoordinated development of regional economy.

Therefore, accelerating the process of urbanization is an important part of economic restructuring.

Urbanization in China contains enormous domestic demand.

According to the prediction of relevant departments, the rapid development of urbanization in China can continue for quite a long time. By 2030, the urbanization rate will reach 65%, and all kinds of towns will add more than 300 million people. This will provide a strong and lasting power for expanding consumption and investment demand.

First, urbanization can effectively expand urban consumption groups and increase household consumption.

According to statistics, in 2008, the per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents in China was 3661 yuan, the per capita consumption expenditure of residents in Chengguan town was 8869 yuan, and the per capita consumption expenditure of prefecture level city residents was 10599 yuan, and the per capita consumption expenditure of 36 large and medium-sized cities was 14326 yuan.

This shows that residents' consumption has increased significantly from rural to urban areas.

Two, urbanization can improve the consumption level of rural residents.

The gradual pformation of rural population into urban residents helps to promote appropriate scale operation of agriculture, and has obvious effect on increasing farmers' income and raising farmers' consumption level.

Three, urbanization can effectively stimulate investment demand.

The increase of urban population can bring investment demand of urban infrastructure, public service facilities and real estate development.

From a broader perspective, the global market demand is relatively short during the post international financial crisis. The expansion of the domestic market brought about by urbanization is of great significance not only for China's economic development, but also for its huge demand, which may become an important condition for mutually beneficial cooperation between China and the major developed countries.

During the period of 12th Five-Year, China's urbanization rate will exceed 50%, and people's lifestyle and economic and social structure will undergo a series of profound changes.

In this critical period, we must firmly grasp the tremendous opportunities contained in the development of urbanization, soberly understand the challenges and problems that this change may bring, and guide the development of urbanization in a healthy way.

We should see that there is no precedent in the history of mankind in promoting urbanization and realizing modernization in a large country with a population of more than a billion.

Orderly guidance of this magnificent process is also a major test of our party's ability to govern and government's administrative capacity.

We must proceed steadily from the basic national conditions and learn from international experience in accordance with the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development.

(two) promoting regional coordinated development by promoting urbanization.

Urbanization is an important way to promote regional coordinated development.

Since modern times, the economic development of a coastal country has started from the coastal area of the country, and then extended along the inland river to the mainland. At the same time, the factors of production and population gather reasonably in space, which has become a universal law.

China's economic development has gone through a similar situation.

Over the past 30 years since the reform and opening up, the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Bohai rim have taken the lead in opening up and development. In the process of forming an export-oriented economic structure, the urban agglomeration with a high degree of population economic agglomeration has been formed, which has effectively promoted the rapid development of the eastern coastal areas and has become an important growth pole for national economy.

But we should also see that in the process of rapid development in the eastern region, the gap between regional economic development has widened, and the development of the central and western regions has lagged behind. An important manifestation is that the urbanization level in the central and western regions is relatively lagging behind.

In 2008, the average urbanization rate in the eastern region reached 56%, while that in the central and western regions was only 43% and 38% respectively.

It is an effective way to solve the problem of regional coordinated development by promoting the rapid development of urbanization in the central and western regions and promoting the economic development in the central and western regions.

Therefore, while optimizing the development of the eastern coastal urban agglomerations, we should cultivate and develop a number of urban agglomerations in the central and western parts of the country with strong resources and environmental carrying capacity by accelerating the undertaking of industrial pfer, improving the public service system and orderly assembling the population, so as to promote economic growth and market demand space expanding from east to west and from south to north.

The orderly process of urbanization in the central and western regions is not only a process of creating and expanding domestic demand, but also a process of promoting and promoting regional coordinated development.

In the process of urbanization, we should focus on strengthening the construction of small and medium-sized cities and small towns.

In the central and western regions, the small and medium-sized cities are actively developed on the basis of county towns. In the eastern coastal areas, conditional central towns are developed into small and medium-sized cities, forming an orderly division of labor and complementary spatial layout with big cities and existing small and medium-sized cities.

This can not only form and bring into play the agglomeration effect and scale effect, but also avoid the land waste caused by the excessive dispersion of cities and towns, and also avoid the "urban disease" caused by excessive expansion of some megacities.

From the international experience, urban agglomeration is an important way of urbanization development.

Urban agglomeration can link large, medium and small cities and small towns through the modern pportation network to promote the common development of cities and towns of different scales.

Therefore, we must persist in promoting the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns, and gradually take the urban agglomeration as the main form of promoting urbanization.

(three) coordinating urban and rural development in the process of Urbanization

Urbanization and the building of a new socialist countryside are mutually reinforcing and should be coordinated.

Without the development of agriculture and rural areas, there will be no foundation and guarantee for the prosperity and development of cities and towns.

As a large population country, China must solve the grain problem on its own at any time.

We must always tighten the thread of food safety and always adhere to the strictest farmland protection system and the most stringent land conservation system to ensure food security.

At the same time, we must see that urbanization is an important way to solve the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.

Only by reducing the number of peasants can we become rich peasants.

With the gradual pfer of rural surplus labor force and rural population to cities and towns, the per capita occupancy resources of rural residents will increase correspondingly, thus increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and the rate of commercialization and increasing the income of farmers.

Reducing rural population can increase the scale and marketization level of agricultural production and promote the development of modern agriculture.

The improvement of urbanization level and the enhancement of the city's economic strength can enhance the ability of workers to supplement agriculture and bring the city to the countryside, which is conducive to improving the rural landscape and promoting rural economic and social development.

(four) gradually pform qualified agricultural population into urban residents.

In recent years, the rate of urbanization in China has increased rapidly, but in the current statistics of the urban population, about 150 million migrant workers and their families live in cities and towns, but they have not fully enjoyed the same treatment as urban residents in public services.

Therefore, an important task of promoting urbanization is to gradually pform qualified agricultural population into urban residents, which can substantially raise the level of population urbanization.

In accordance with the requirements of the central economic work conference of the party in the third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee and last year, we should steadily solve the problem of qualified migrant workers settling down in cities and towns.

For those who are temporarily unable to settle down, we should also pay attention to their problems in employment, wages, children's education and social security.

Especially since the 80s of last century, the rural population has become the main body of migrant workers. Their willingness to integrate into the city is more urgent. Gradually solving their problems of identity pformation is of great significance for the healthy development of urbanization and social harmony and stability.

The steady pformation of qualified agricultural population into urban residents is closely related to the vital interests of hundreds of millions of people and the long-term stability and stability of the country.

This is a long-term and complex systematic project. It is necessary to consider the comprehensive carrying capacity of cities and other conditions in line with local conditions, and promote steadily.

In this process, farmers can not be turned into urban poor. Therefore, efforts should be made to help them improve their working skills and enhance their income support ability.

We should not only consider the problems of migrant workers' settlement and enjoy public services, but also start from the long term, starting from the next generation, creating good educational conditions for migrant workers' children, and strengthening skills training, so that they can have their own development ability and adaptability.

Promoting urbanization is not only an arduous task but also a long-term process.

Promoting urbanization is both positive and prudent.

China's rural population is very large, and the long-term accumulation of the two yuan structure of urban and rural areas can not be changed in the short term, and there needs to be a pition.

In this process, there are many important issues that need to be further studied, such as how to form a rational layout of urbanization, how to raise funds for urban construction and public services, and how to adapt the level of urban planning and management to urbanization.

In a word, we should actively explore and work out a road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics according to local conditions.

Real estate is closely linked to urbanization. To accelerate urbanization, we must maintain a stable and healthy development of the real estate market.

On the one hand, we should promote low-income housing projects on a large scale, speed up the construction of low rent housing, affordable housing, shanty towns and housing reconstruction, and solve the housing problem of low-income people.

On the other hand, it is necessary to increase the supply of ordinary commercial housing such as middle and low price, small and medium-sized sets, standardize the development of the housing market, curb the excessive rise of housing prices, and meet the housing needs of different levels of residents.

The real estate market is highly territoriality. Under the guidance of national policies, it is necessary for all localities to take effective measures to make the masses live and live in peace and contentment.

{page_break}

　　四、加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級，提升持續(xù)發(fā)展水平

To adjust the industrial structure, the most important thing is to face the market demand.

During the post international financial crisis, market demand may be one of the most scarce resources. Finally, the development of the industry must accept the test of the market.

We should promptly adjust the industrial structure and product structure, and strive to make the supply structure better adapt to the change of market demand.

We should further strengthen the basic position of agriculture, foster and strengthen the modern industrial system, and promote the coordinated development of the three industries.

(1) promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure for two domestic and international markets.

China is in a period of rapid change and upgrading of consumption structure.

The consumption of residents is changing from the clothing and food oriented subsistence type, the food and clothing type to the comfortable and enjoyable type of living and behavior representing, which requires the industrial structure to adapt to the change of consumption structure.

First of all, the potential of agricultural structural adjustment is very great. With the increase of consumption level, people's demand for high-quality, ecological and safe agricultural products is becoming more and more urgent.

This requires us to further adjust the product structure and industrial structure of agriculture and accelerate the development of modern agriculture.

Secondly, with the increase of per capita income, the consumption structure of residents is accelerating and changing. The structural adjustment of the demand for industrial goods and services is in the ascendant, and presents new characteristics of diversification and individuation.

This requires us to adjust and improve the supply to meet the changing and upgrading of consumer demand, and to create and lead new consumption demand by continuously developing new products and developing new formats.

As the new generation of mobile communications has entered the market, it has spawned broad consumer demand for mobile phones and televisions.

While adapting to the changes in the domestic market, we should also be keen to catch up with the new trend of international market changes.

The mainstream consumer market in the world is developing towards health, energy saving, environmental protection, low carbon and personalized, intelligent and so on. New technology and creativity are promoting some new consumption hot spots.

We should take the initiative to adapt to this change, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and expand the space of overseas markets.

To curb blind investment in overcapacity industries is also an important measure to promote economic restructuring from the perspective of market demand.

Whether it is to develop existing industries or to cultivate new industries, we should give full consideration to the market capacity of reality and future, take into account the competitiveness and consider the carrying capacity of resources and environment, otherwise it will eventually be eliminated by the market.

(two) strive to create new advantages in the international competition by enhancing the capability of independent innovation and strengthening quality, brand and standard construction.

China's traditional low cost competitive advantage is gradually weakening. It is imminent to cultivate new competitive advantages. Enhancing the capability of independent innovation and cultivating independent brands is the fundamental way to shape new competitive advantages.

Over the years, we have gradually developed into a world manufacturing power by introducing capital and technology and giving full play to low cost advantages.

But being big and not strong has always been a weakness in development. Many key technologies, large scale equipment, core components and important basic parts all rely on imports.

The lack of independent innovation capability is the main factor that restricts the optimization and upgrading of China's industrial structure.

If this situation can not be changed as soon as possible, it will be difficult to form a new core competitiveness under the new international competition conditions.

The experience of Japan and Korea shows that after losing the competitive advantage of low cost, we should strive to improve our capability of independent innovation, grasp intellectual property rights and form new competitive advantages.

Its experience is worth learning from.

To improve the capability of independent innovation, we must take the road of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics.

We should soberly see that the core technologies in important industries and important areas can not be bought, and only rely on independent innovation, especially original innovation.

At the same time, we must give full play to the advantages of China's huge market scale, continue to do well in the introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation, and attach importance to the new way of integrated innovation.

This has been successful in Three Gorges project, high-speed railway engineering construction and equipment development.

We should speed up the construction of a technological innovation system that takes the enterprise as the main body, the market as the guidance, and the combination of production, teaching and research.

Seizing the new opportunities that have emerged since the international financial crisis, we have absorbed a wide range of global innovation resources and latest achievements through mergers and acquisitions, technological cooperation, overseas R & D institutions, and absorbing talents from science and technology.

To enhance the capability of independent innovation, we must focus on preemption of the commanding heights of technology and industry in the future, and better integrate with the development of strategic emerging industries.

From the new trend of world science and technology and industry development, new technologies such as "Internet of things", "cloud computing" and "smart earth" will greatly change the way of human production, life and innovation. New energy, new materials, new medicine, energy saving, environmental protection, aerospace and other industries will have huge room for development.

We must accurately grasp the direction of change of these new technologies and new industries, clarify the key points, strengthen basic research, break through core technologies, and strive to achieve leapfrog development.

In recent years, China's product quality, brand and standard construction has made remarkable achievements.

But compared with the world's advanced level, there is still a big gap. Standard construction is particularly lagging behind.

Quality is the life of an enterprise, the foundation of independent innovation, and the fundamental guarantee of competitiveness.

Brand is the crystallization of independent innovation and the carrier of quality and reputation. It has wide recognition and market space.

Standards are the commanding heights of independent innovation. Whoever masters the right to speak in standard setting will have the initiative in market competition.

We should continue our efforts in these areas and strive for new breakthroughs.

(three) speed up the development of the service sector, especially the modern service industry.

The prosperity and development of service industry is an important symbol of modernization as well as an important content of optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.

Vigorously developing the service industry, especially producer services, is of great strategic importance for strengthening and improving supply, expanding employment, expanding service consumption and reducing the pressure on resources and environment.

China has strong market demand both in producer services and in life service industries, but the supply capacity and level of service industry are still unable to meet this demand.

First of all, we must attach great importance to the development of producer services.

The lagging development of the third industry for industrial and agricultural production restricts the expansion of the domestic consumer market and the increase of the added value of the export products to a large extent, which has affected the optimization and upgrading of China's industrial structure.

Taking logistics as an example, the development of modern logistics in China is seriously lagging behind. The logistics cost of the whole society is equivalent to about 20% of GDP and twice the average level of developed countries.

Accelerating the development of logistics, business, finance, insurance, R & D and other producer services has great potential and obvious benefits.

China's life service industry also has huge room for development.

With the improvement of living standards of urban and rural residents, the demand for catering, music, books, tourism, fitness, new media and psychological consultation has been increasing. Some service industries adapted to the new consumption demand have begun to accelerate development. They have played an important role in meeting the needs of the people, improving the quality of people's lives, stimulating economic growth and creating employment opportunities.

We should also see that after the concentration of population has reached a certain level, different fields of the service industry can create demand and create jobs for each other.

We should adapt ourselves to the characteristics and new changes of the service industry, create a good external environment, and make the life service industry obtain more room for development.

Cultural industry is an important part of modern service industry and a sunrise industry.

In the face of the impact of the international financial crisis, counter trend has enriched the people's spiritual and cultural life, and contributed to structural adjustment and development.

We should continue to deepen the reform of the cultural system, vigorously develop cultural and creative industries, publishing and publishing, film and television, entertainment, animation and other cultural industries, promote the great development and prosperity of socialist culture, meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the masses, and enhance the international influence of Chinese culture.

{page_break}

　　五、統(tǒng)籌人口資源環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展，破解持續(xù)發(fā)展難題

The irrational structure of factor input is an important reason why China's extensive growth mode is difficult to fundamentally change.

To promote economic restructuring, we should adjust and optimize the input structure of key elements as an important task, manage from two aspects of demand and supply, strengthen energy conservation, increase efficiency and ecological environmental protection, vigorously develop green economy, circular economy and low carbon technology, and grasp population development problems strategically, and promote economic and social development to coordinate with population resources and environment.

(1) deepen our understanding and grasp of China's basic national conditions.

A large population, a weak foundation and uneven development are our basic national conditions.

Now, the pattern of large population will not change for a long time. The rapid development of many years has made us a bit thicker. But the problem of uneven per capita level and uneven development between urban and rural areas is still prominent.

At the same time, the constraints of resources and environment on economic and social development are more and more obvious. The relative shortage of resources and the weak bearing capacity of environment are increasingly becoming the basic national conditions of China in the new stage of development.

In the 200 years of industrialization, the problems of population, resources and environment in the developed countries have been highlighted in the current stage, especially the resource and environmental problems, which have become a prominent factor affecting the sustainable development of the economy.

Population is always a major problem that we need to face in the process of sustained economic development.

China has implemented the family planning policy (blog area) for more than 30 years, and has realized the historic pformation of population reproduction.

But we should see that in the next 20 to 30 years, China will have three peaks of labor force, total population and elderly population. The problem of population quantity, structure and distribution is concentrated and intertwined, presenting unprecedented complexity.

China has low per capita resources, large consumption of energy resources and high energy consumption per unit product.

China's oil and natural gas per capita reserves are less than the world average 1/10; even richer coal resources, per capita reserves are less than 40% of the world average.

China has become the second largest energy consumer in the world, but its energy efficiency is not high. The energy consumption of some heavy chemical industry units is 10% to 50% higher than that of the world's advanced level. The total recovery rate of mineral resources is 20% lower than that of the world's advanced level, which aggravates the shortage of energy resources.

At present, China's oil, iron ore, bauxite, copper ore and other important energy resources consumption to import dependence exceeds 50%, and put forward new requirements for foreign-related work.

Ensuring the safety of energy resources is a major task.

In recent years, remarkable achievements have been made in environmental protection and ecological protection in China, but the trend of overall deterioration of the ecological environment has not fundamentally reversed, and has seriously restricted economic and social development.

It is mainly manifested that China has achieved certain results in air pollution control, but the problem of urban air pollution has not yet been effectively improved. The problem of water pollution is more prominent, industrial pollution is still serious, and the problem of non-point source pollution and life pollution in rural areas is further highlighted. Heavy metal pollution in some places has long been a serious threat to the health of local people.

Environmental pollution has become a major issue in the current social harmony and stability. We need to intensify our efforts to prevent pollution and reduce emissions, so as to achieve further results.

(two) taking energy conservation, efficiency enhancement and ecological environmental protection as an important starting point for economic restructuring.

Promoting economic restructuring through energy conservation, efficiency enhancement and ecological environmental protection is not only a realistic and long-term need for implementing the basic national policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment, but also a key measure to accelerate the pformation of the mode of economic development.

Strengthening energy saving and efficiency can not only bring considerable economic benefits to enterprises, but also reduce resource consumption and pollution emissions, and bring significant social and environmental benefits.

This is a realistic way for enterprises to improve their efficiency and an important direction for technological renovation and equipment renewal of enterprises.

Although many enterprises have introduced advanced technology equipment, energy saving and environmental protection indicators are still lagging behind. It is also necessary to speed up renovation and renovation.

The energy saving and environmental protection industry is a strategic emerging industry and can develop into a big industry.

China's new energy, energy saving, environmental protection and other industries and technologies already have a certain foundation, new technologies, new products and new services are in the ascendant, showing vitality.

It is estimated that the total output value of China's energy saving and environmental protection industry will reach 4 trillion yuan in the next 5 years.

For example, China's high efficiency motor technology level has been higher, but the vast majority of exports, if the domestic inefficient motor pformation, annual savings of 150 billion kilowatt hour, get 75 billion yuan of electricity saving benefits, can also form an additional value of about 100 billion yuan.

At the same time, starting from China's national conditions, we should advocate the concept of green consumption and moderate consumption in the consumption field, accelerate the formation of a consumption pattern that is conducive to saving resources and protecting the environment, and reduce the supply pressure of resources and elements from the demand side.

Moreover, changes in consumption concepts and consumption patterns are also conducive to expanding the market of energy saving and environmental protection products and promoting economic restructuring.

(three) grasp the population development problem from a strategic perspective.

Population problem has always been a fundamental position in economic and social development. It is closely related to the adjustment of economic structure, and is also an important factor affecting the long-term development of the economy.

China's economic and social development will still face the dual pressure brought by population problems.

First, the employment pressure brought by the large population.

It is estimated that the total population of China will peak in 30s this century.

In the next 10 years, China's labor force will reach its peak, but by the middle of this century, the workforce will still be more than the 90s of last century, and more than the total population of European countries. The pressure of employment will exist for a long time.

The two is the pressure brought by the aging of the population.

At the beginning of this century, China's population over 60 years old accounted for more than 10% of the total population. According to international standards, it has entered an aging society.

In the coming period, China's elderly population will continue to increase, and the "demographic dividend" will gradually decrease.

Of course, we must see that the dual pressure of population problems can be pformed into the driving force of development to a certain extent.

To this end, we should give full play to the advantages that human resources are still abundant, pform the population pressure into human resources and human resources, and grasp the opportunity to develop the aging industry at the same time, so as to make the adjustment of economic structure better adapt to the change of population structure.

To grasp the population problem, we need to take overall consideration and comprehensive treatment.

We must adhere to the basic national policy of family planning and stabilize the low fertility level. This general direction can not be shaken or it will make a historic mistake.

At the same time, we should also focus on long-term development, scientifically analyze the impact brought about by population problems, intensify our efforts to improve population and related economic and social policies, and coordinate the balanced development of population quantity, quality, structure and distribution, so as to create conditions for the adjustment of economic structure.

This requires in-depth study of some major population strategy issues.

{page_break}

　　六、推進改革創(chuàng)新，完善經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的體制機制

To realize the strategic task of economic restructuring and promote the pformation of economic development mode, the crux and key lies in adjusting the pattern of interests. The biggest sticking point lies in the unreasonable system and mechanism.

This requires us to adhere to the direction of the reform of the socialist market economy, persist in proceeding from reality, give full play to the polarity of all sides, and push ahead with reform and innovation.

(1) improve the evaluation system of Scientific Outlook on Development.

In the face of the new development environment, we need to have a profound understanding of the far-reaching significance of sound and fast development. We should not only see the importance of "fast", but also have a more positive understanding of "good" and strive to be good and fast.

Over the past 30 years since the reform and opening up, China's economy has achieved sustained and rapid growth. In the next few years, the strategic goal of quadrupling GDP per capita in 2020 will be achieved if we maintain steady and fast growth momentum in the next few years.

If China's economy develops steadily and rapidly for several decades, by the middle of this century, it will achieve the grand goal of socialist modernization and create a miracle that a great power has been developing for more than half a century.

This requires us to build a long-term and steady and fast economic development based on the current and long-term perspective.

Internationally, more and more attention has been paid to indicators such as economic structure, resources and environment, and human development as the basis for evaluating the level of development.

In the 80s of last century, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) put forward the "human development index", including GDP per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy rate, which was used to evaluate the development level of different countries.

China's introduction of gross domestic product (GDP) index in the process of reforming the traditional planned economy system is a great progress.

With the continuous development and progress of our economy and society, our understanding of development is also deepening. We need to broaden the connotation of the development evaluation system. While paying attention to the growth rate, we should pay more attention to the quality and efficiency of growth, and pay more attention to the evaluation of structural optimization, independent innovation, resource conservation, environmental protection, employment and people's livelihood improvement, so as to form a more perfect evaluation system of Scientific Outlook on Development.

(two) enhance the driving force and vitality of the main body of market economy.

To promote economic restructuring, we need to improve the basic socialist economic system, improve the modern market system and improve the macroeconomic regulation and control system.

Correctly handle the relationship between the government and the market, better play the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources, and enhance the driving force and vitality of the market players in the adjustment of economic structure.

We should focus on the establishment of a long-term mechanism for economic restructuring, further pform the functions of the government, minimize administrative means, and make greater use of economic and legal means.

To play a good role of market mechanism in economic restructuring, we need to push forward the reform of key areas and key links.

One important aspect is to rationalize the price relationship and improve the price formation mechanism, which plays a key role in restraining excessive demand, increasing effective supply and adjusting distribution relations.

At present, promoting the price reform of resource products is of great significance for promoting structural adjustment, resource conservation and environmental protection.

At the beginning of last year, the reform of refined oil prices and taxes and fees were successfully implemented.

Through the linkage of tariff and tax, the formation mechanism of the price of refined oil reflecting the supply and demand of the market has been initially improved, and the tax burden has been equitable.

One important experience of reform is to combine price formation mechanism reform with tax and fee reform, focusing on establishing a new mechanism conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection and promoting sustainable development.

In the coming period, the task of price reform of resource elements is still heavy, and the reform of environmental charges should also be put on the agenda. The purpose is to make the prices of resource products fully reflect the scarcity of resources and the cost of environmental damage while reflecting the market supply and demand, so as to better promote energy conservation and environmental protection.

Next, we need to focus on the ladder pricing reform of water, gas, electricity and other resource-based products. We can consider the basic demand level to keep the original price level in general, and consider progressive price increase for the excess use part.

This will not only help solve the problem of basic living security for low-income people, but also steadily push forward reform under the principle of fairness and efficiency.

In the price reform, we should not only take full account of the scarcity of resources, curb irrational demand, but also consider the need to protect the basic livelihood of the low-income people and the need for macroeconomic regulation and control, so as to prevent large fluctuations in prices and avoid a big impact on production and life.

In order to push forward the reform of prices, we should strengthen scientific argumentation and widely solicit opinions from all sectors of society through hearings and other procedures, so as to win the understanding and support of the masses.

Reforms in the social and medical sectors such as the reform of the medical and health system should also be carried out actively and steadily.

(three) improve the fiscal and financial systems conducive to economic restructuring.

Fiscal taxation has the characteristics of direct and fixed-point regulation. It is a powerful lever and an important tool to promote economic restructuring.

Deepening fiscal reform, improving the public financial system and accelerating the formation of fiscal and taxation mechanism conducive to scientific development are not only the urgent need to readjust the economic structure, but also the inherent requirement of improving the socialist market economic system.

We should further optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure, strengthen social undertakings and improve people's livelihood.

In the past, financial funds at various levels were used more frequently in industrial construction and infrastructure on the basis of pportation and pfer, which played a very important role in establishing a complete industrial system and strengthening infrastructure construction.

Now, the development of our country has reached a new stage. In order to meet the needs of economic restructuring, financial funds should be more used to promote employment, social security, education, medical and health, scientific research and popularization, rural infrastructure and other public service areas, so as to better play an important role in improving people's livelihood and expanding consumption.

In recent years, especially in response to the impact of the international financial crisis, the central government's investment in this area has increased significantly.

Based on such a train of thought, local finance also adjusts the structure of fiscal expenditure from various localities, so as to better combine fiscal expenditure with ensuring people's livelihood, expanding domestic demand and adjusting the structure.

In the future, a long-term mechanism should be gradually established.

We should improve the system of matching the central and local financial and administrative powers, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and the adjustment of industrial structure.

The development gap between urban and rural areas and regions is also reflected in the gap between financial and public services.

In the future, based on the requirements of the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on promoting the equalization of basic public services and the construction of main functional areas, we should further rationalize the income distribution relations among governments at all levels on the basis of rationally dividing the responsibilities and responsibilities of central and local governments.

It is necessary to increase local financial resources, mobilize local initiatives to promote economic restructuring, enhance the ability to provide public services, and maintain moderate financial regulation capabilities in order to better balance the financial resources of the region and support the development of rural and central and western regions.

We should improve the financial system below the provincial level, establish and improve the basic financial security mechanism at the county level, promote financial resources to move down, and enhance the ability of the grass-roots government to provide basic public services.

We should actively and steadily push forward the tax system reform, form a tax system conducive to economic restructuring, and better play the role of Taxation in promoting resource conservation, environmental protection and adjusting the distribution of income.

The tax system reform should not only consider the income function, but also enhance the adjustment function, and help to guide the adjustment of the economic structure.

Promoting resource tax reform is an important aspect.

In addition, we should continue to implement more effective tax support policies for the industries encouraged by the state, support enterprises' independent innovation, and promote the development of service industries and strategic emerging industries.

In the tax system reform, we should reduce the fees, balance the tax burden, and further standardize the tax revenue and economic order.

In the adjustment of economic structure, finance plays a key role.

We should promptly adjust and improve the credit policy according to the needs of the state's industrial policies and macro regulation and control, so as to achieve the goal of maintaining pressure.

We will continue to deepen the reform of the financial system, further improve the governance structure of state-owned financial enterprises, actively develop small and medium-sized financial institutions, and promote the healthy development of the capital market, especially the bond market.

At the same time, we should further promote the reform of the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism and play a positive role in adjusting the economic structure under the principle of maintaining a basically stable RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level.

While strengthening financial effective supervision and guarding against financial risks, we should actively and steadily promote financial innovation and continue to improve the pmission mechanism of monetary policy.

In 2009, China's per capita GDP was close to US $3700.

International experience shows that the development stage of per capita income from $1000 to US $10000 is a period of rapid economic structural change.

At this stage, some countries have experienced successful stride stride through active structural adjustment, and some countries have learned from economic stagnation and social unrest due to inadequate adjustment.

We must have sufficient knowledge of the particularity and challenges that may be faced in this stage of development, and actively promote economic restructuring so as to achieve new development and new stride.

At present, China is still in an important period of strategic opportunity for development, and is facing a series of unprecedented challenges.

In the face of this situation, we must grasp the general trend of development, clear the way, strengthen our confidence and enhance our sense of urgency. We must work hard to accelerate the pformation of the mode of economic development and the adjustment of economic structure with a strong sense of mission and responsibility.

Let us unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary and hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Guided by Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", we will thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, work hard, forge ahead and innovate, and strive to create a new prospect for scientific development.