Analysis Of The Main Problems Of Cotton Quality In China At Present

With the continuous strengthening of cotton quality supervision and cotton notarization in recent years, cotton quality problems such as adulteration, adulteration, and use of "two small and one soil" equipment illegally processed cotton have basically been eliminated, and cotton quality has been greatly improved.

However, there are still some cotton quality problems which have been highlighted for a long time, which have not been effectively solved, and are still the main problems that restrict the further improvement of cotton quality in China.

Among them, cotton is heterosexual.

opposite sex

Almost all the people engaged in cotton work have a common understanding that the foreign fibers in the cotton produced in China are still a prominent problem for all parties concerned.

So, what causes the problem of heterosexual fibers in cotton production in China for a long time? I think there are three main reasons:

1, China's current cotton production, circulation mode and cotton farmers' ideological understanding is not in place, which is the main reason for mixing cotton into foreign fibers.

At present, cotton planting in China is still based on individual farmers in rural areas. Cotton farmers pick cotton mainly by manual harvesting. After harvesting, cotton is usually stored at home after outdoor storage, and then centralized sales are selected according to market conditions.

In the process of production, most cotton growers still use plastic woven bags as packing materials when picking cotton. Farmers' plastic woven bags are usually used repeatedly. Some of the worn bags are mended. Some simply don't mend and continue to use. The plastic rope dropped from the plastic woven bags can easily be mixed into the seed cotton.

When cotton growers spread outdoor cotton seeds in the open air, because of the environmental conditions in the countryside, poultry and livestock hair around the ground can easily be blown to cotton by wind.

In the process of picking, drying and finishing cotton, cotton growers' hair is easier to fall into cotton.

Therefore, if cotton growers can't pick out the cotton seeds before they sell them, there will be more or less mixed foreign fibers such as plastic rope, human hair, poultry and livestock hair.

After the implementation of the new cotton standard in 1999, according to the requirements of the standard, the national fiber inspection organization has done a lot of work in the process of publicizing cotton standards, hoping to put an end to the situation of mixing foreign fibers into cotton, including the harm to cotton farmers, cotton processing enterprises, the selection of foreign fibers and the methods and requirements for picking up foreign fibers. It is urged that cotton processing enterprises make cotton bags to cotton farmers to pick up and store cotton, and urge cotton processing enterprises to establish corresponding rules and regulations to ensure that the opposite sex has already been mixed into cotton in the process of acquisition and processing.

{page_break}

2. the selection of foreign fibers that have been mixed into cotton is not thorough enough in picking and processing cotton. The main reasons are: first, it is very difficult to mix foreign fibers in cotton to achieve full selection and cleaning; two, it is still not completely forming the environment of heterosexual fiber governance, which leads to a low enthusiasm for picking cotton processing enterprises.

At present, China's cotton processing is still an extensive mode of production. Due to the short production season, low product profit and the small scale of enterprises, the large-scale enterprise production is gradually fading out, and gradually evolved into small and medium-sized private and private enterprises as the main production entities, and the management level of enterprises is generally not high.

In recent years, although some enterprises have tried to develop specialized foreign fiber picking equipment, the effect is not ideal, and still can not compare with the effect of manual selection of foreign fibers.

The problem of manual selection of foreign fibers is that the number of people picking is less, and the quality of picking and picking can not meet the requirements of processing schedule.

And only when the light is good in the daytime can it be picked. For the processing enterprises in the evening, it is impossible to organize and carry out picking.

The effect of organizing large scale stacking and picking is ideal, but the actual organization and implementation are more difficult. First, because cotton processing season is the busy season for autumn harvest and autumn planting in the countryside, it is difficult for people to find it; two, there are too many people at the production site, and the requirements for site conditions are high, and the operation is chaotic, which is not conducive to safety management.

In 2000 and 2001, a number of cotton processing enterprises in our city used this way. Generally, an enterprise should convene 30 to 50 people to pick up and pick up at the scene, and the speed of picking can basically meet the processing speed of two 90 pieces of saw toothed cotton gin. According to the cost accounting at that time, the salary of picking up a kilogram of seed cotton generally has to pay 0.02 to 0.03 yuan, which is equivalent to the cost of 150 yuan per ton of lint. The effect of picking is also ideal, and the elimination rate of foreign fiber can reach more than 98%.

However, because most cotton spinning enterprises do not recognize the result of this practice, apart from a few cotton spinning enterprises specially sending people to supervise the selection of foreign fibers at the scene, cotton processing enterprises pay more and more production costs when they sell cotton, and basically do not get the recognition and acceptance of cotton spinning enterprises, and fail to achieve the purpose of superior cotton price.

In addition, there are many practical problems in organizing large-scale manual picking. Site management is more difficult. Individual enterprises even appear because of the staff's failure to comply with the operational requirements, resulting in the fire of the seed cotton stacks. With the change of the cotton market, this practice has not persisted.

Now cotton processing enterprises generally practice that when they are stacking on the seed cotton, arrange a few people to pick up the seeds and cotton seeds on the side while picking up the foreign fibers. When arranging the seed cotton, arrange the personnel who are responsible for feeding flowers while picking the foreign fibers.

Although this practice is also implementing the requirements of picking foreign fibers, but due to the participation of fewer hands, and the speed of feeding and feeding is relatively fast, in these two links, it is virtually impossible to implement the requirements of careful selection of foreign fibers, and the effect can be imagined.

{page_break}

3. cotton textile enterprises have different requirements for foreign fibers, resulting in cotton sales with heterosexual fibers basically unaffected, and there is no purpose of regulating market economy.

At present, the vast majority of textile enterprises that spin high grade yarn and produce export products have higher requirements for foreign fibers. Because the cotton produced by cotton processing enterprises is clean or not, in order to ensure the quality of products, it is necessary to organize a unified selection after the raw cotton is put into production, and then put into production and use. Because picking is very difficult and requires a lot of manpower, some textile enterprises also need to deduct the "foreign fiber picking cost" for cotton with more exotic fibers.

Those who require higher enterprises simply do not use domestic cotton, but purchase and use imported raw cotton which does not contain foreign fibers directly.

Judging from the current situation, some cotton processing enterprises that have carefully selected foreign fibers have high production costs, but the selling price of cotton is not necessarily high. The cotton market that does not pick foreign fibers is not bad, and there is no problem in sales. Thus, many cotton processing enterprises are not enthusiastic about picking foreign fibers.

In view of the above reasons, under the existing cotton production mode and market environment, it is still very difficult to do well in the management of heterosexual fibers in domestic cotton.

The author believes that if we want to fundamentally solve this problem, we need to take measures from the following aspects: first, gradually changing the existing mode of production in our country, changing from the current household production to intensive farming production, and taking the way of industrialization; two, speeding up the mechanization process of cotton production and developing mechanical picking cotton; three, we should continue to intensify efforts to promote the cotton quality inspection system reform, straighten out the cotton market circulation order, strengthen the cotton quality supervision and management, and urge the enterprises to strengthen the governance of heterosexual fibers; four, we should continue to increase publicity efforts to further enhance the awareness of the majority of cotton workers on the harm of foreign fibers.

Only in this way can the status of foreign fibers commonly found in domestic cotton in China be completely changed.