Introduction To The Four Famous Embroideries In China

Embroidery

As a wide range of handicrafts, various countries and nationalities have their own strengths and advantages through long-term accumulation and development.

In addition to the four famous embroideries of Suzhou embroidery, Xiang embroidery, Yue embroidery and Shu embroidery, there are also local embroidery such as Beijing embroidery, Lu embroidery, Bian Embroidery, Ou embroidery, Hangzhou embroidery, Han Embroidery and Fujian embroidery. Ethnic minorities such as Uygur, Yi, Dai, Buyi, Kazakh, Yao, Miao, Tujia, Jingpo, Dong, Bai, Zhuang, Mongolia and Tibet also have their own national embroidery.

The four famous embroidery was formed in the middle of nineteenth Century. Besides its own artistic characteristics, another important reason is the result of commercialization of embroidery.

Because of the difference between market demand and embroidery origin, embroidery handicrafts as a commodity began to form their own local characteristics. Among them, the products of four places in Jiangsu, Shu, Guangdong and Hunan are very popular, so they are called "Four Famous Embroideries".

Suzhou embroidery

Taking Suzhou as the center, including the embroidery in Jiangsu, it is developed on the basis of Gu embroidery.

Speaking of this, we must first talk about Gu embroidery, because it is too big and too deep for the eastern and western modern embroidery.

Gu embroidery originally specified the embroidery of Gu Jia in Shanghai. Gu's name of Gu's family was celebrated in Jiajing thirty-eight years (AD 1559).

Gu Shouqian, his grandson, was good at painting and following Dong Qichang.

Han Ximeng, a wife of Gu Sheng Qian, is good at embroidery. He is good at embroidery. He is a representative of many famous families. Even after Dong Qichang saw, he exclaimed: "technology is so great!" the commodity economy of the Ming Dynasty has been more developed. Because of the popularity of embroidery at home and abroad, when the Qing Dynasty, many of the embroidery houses in the south of the Yangtze River simply hung up the name of Gu embroidery, and the generalized "Gu embroidery" came from here.

Su embroidery, after widely absorbing the characteristics and merits of Gu embroidery, has gradually bred a more colorful flower from the workshop.

From the point of view of appreciation, the main artistic characteristics of Suzhou embroidery are: landscape can be divided into distant and near interest; pavilions are deep in style; characters can have a look of life; flowers and birds can be intimate with each other.

The embroidery and embroidery of Suzhou embroidery are very famous for their realistic artistic effects.

In embroidery techniques, most of Suzhou embroidery is mainly made of trocars, and the stitches are not covered with stitches.

Three or four different kinds of coloured lines or adjacent colors are used to match the colors.

At the same time, in the performance of images, we should retain "waterways", that is to say, in the deep and shallow changes of objects, we should leave one line in front of each other so as to make them clear and clear.

Therefore, when people evaluate Su embroidery, they usually summarize eight words: "flat, neat, thin, dense, uniform, smooth, harmonious and light".

Guangdong embroidery

The general name of embroidery in Guangdong area.

According to legend, it was originally founded in the minority Li ethnic group. Most of the former embroidery workers were men in Guangzhou and Chaozhou.

They are mainly embroidered with costumes, hanging panels, pits, screen hearts, group fans and fan sleeves.

In art, Guangdong embroidery has a lively and colorful composition. Its color is gorgeous and dazzling. Its needle is simple, its embroidery thread is thick and loose, its stitches are long and short, and its stitches are overlapped and slightly convex.

It often takes Phoenix, peony, pine crane, apes, deer, and chickens and geese as subjects.

Another name of Yue embroidery is made of Zhijin satin or nail gold lining, that is, the famous nail embroidered gold embroidery, especially the embroidered gold embroidered with high floating mats. It is magnificent and magnificent. It is used as a display and embroidery for theatrical costumes, stage furnishings and Temple Temples.

Shu embroidery

Also known as "Sichuan embroidery", refers to the Sichuan embroidery represented by Chengdu.

The history is also very long. According to the records of Huayang national chronicles in the Jin Dynasty, the embroidery in Shu was very famous, and the Shu embroidery and Shu Brocade were juxtaposed.

The pure ornamental products of Shu embroidery are relatively few. Most of the products are made of daily necessities. Most of them are flowers, birds, insects, fish, folk jillies and traditional decorations. They are very colorful, embroidered on quilt, pillowcases, clothing, shoes and painting screens.

In the late Qing Dynasty, Shu embroidery absorbed the merits of Gu embroidery and Su embroidery on the basis of the local traditional embroidery techniques and became one of the important commodity embroidery in the country.

Shu embroidery uses needles to be neat and smooth, with clear Silk Road and no ghosting. The edge of the pattern is as neat as the knife, and the color is beautiful.

Hunan embroidery

The general name of embroidery products centered on Changsha, Hunan.

In order to meet the new value of the repression of the Taiping army, businessmen in Changsha opened "

"Soon after, he overcame Gu embroidery in the name of Xiang embroidery.

The characteristic of Xiang embroidery is to embroider with velvet yarn (no twist yarn). Actually, it is used to handle the silk in the solution to prevent fuzzing. This embroidery is known as "wool fine embroidery".

Xiang embroidery also takes traditional Chinese painting as its theme. Its form is vivid and lifelike, and its style is bold and unconstrained. It once had "the embroidered peanut fragrance, the embroidered bird can hear the sound, the embroidered tiger can run, embroiders the human to be able to express the spirit" the reputation.

The color matching features of Xiang embroidery's humanistic paintings are mainly deep, light grey and black and white, simple and elegant, such as ink and wash paintings; the colors of Xiang embroidery are gorgeous, and the decorative patterns are strong.

From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, it was a sad time for the Chinese nation to be miserable and miserable.

In this case, embroidery, like other ethnic businesses, has suffered an unprecedented shock and is almost dying.

Until the founding of new China in 1949, embroidery, like other businesses, has been rapidly restored and developed.

In order to maintain the local embroidery skills, many local institutes have set up corresponding research institutes to allocate special funds to promote the finishing and research of embroidery techniques.

In particular, the development and utilization of many embroidery techniques that are not popular with the people have enriched the needles of embroidery needles, and the embroidery is more beautiful and more varied.

Especially in "

On the basis of it, it develops and develops "double sided and all different embroidery", that is, embroidery on both sides of the same fabric can be embroidered with different pictures, stitches and colors.

Modern embroidery Manifesto

1. exploit all the traditional embroidery lengths, break through the limitations of embroidery plane operation, and purposely pursue stereoscopic sense.

The traditional embroidery pattern is only a combination of embroidery thread in plane direction according to certain rules. The take-off and landing of embroidery thread does not have the function of opening and closing in the vertical direction of the plane.

Modern art embroidery has questioned this way of expression from the beginning.

modern art

We are committed to exploring new needles, creating different levels, and inheriting and developing all the fine traditions of embroidery, to show the essence and objective existence of things, to break through the traditional pattern of embroidery, and to emphasize the three-dimensional effect of embroidery.

2. make full use of the achievements of modern new materials, new processes and new technologies to strengthen and develop the visual effects of embroidery crafts.

Limited to historical conditions, traditional embroidery has great limitations in the use of materials.

From unearthed cultural relics to Chinese and foreign museum collections, from the constantly changing styles of embroidery to modern commercialized embroidery, the use of materials has changed the smallest.

Folk craftsmen have long been accustomed to using silk, cotton thread, or a few places with materials such as wool.

It has ignored the new fiber materials and other synthetic materials in the past hundred years.

At the same time, with the continuous rise of design, craft, modern binding and various art genres, it has not been well absorbed, utilized, reformed and innovated, which makes the expression of embroidery more and more pale than other works of art.

Value, commercial value, or ornamental value and collection value are not playing the proper level.

3. create an oil painting and relief relief made of thousand needles and embroidered embroidery, leaving no trace of non embroidery, suitable for any angle and any distance.

As an art genre, modern art embroidery advocates painting without embroidery, and the image design and atmosphere are all done by embroidery. As far as possible, few or even no embroidery accessories are used. The color line is full of pictures, lines and color blocks are combined to pursue the truth of art, and the combination of flat and convex has visual impact.

And exquisite pictures push the appreciation of works in all kinds of situations to the extreme.