Emergency Logistics Optimization Based On Supply Chain Perspective

1 Summary of emergency logistics research

In recent years, frequent natural disasters have caused deep research on how to deal with emergencies. Logistics, as a necessary activity and link to deal with disasters, has also become an object of discussion for logistics scholars. Emergency logistics is in the unconventional state, with the best efficiency to enable the necessary materials to flow and transfer rapidly.

In terms of the concept of emergency logistics, there is a view that emergency logistics refers to providing unexpected natural disasters and sudden public security.

For emergency purposes, such as emergency events and other unexpected events, special logistics activities aim at minimizing time efficiency and minimizing disaster losses. In terms of the characteristics of emergency logistics, there are papers summarized as timeliness, unpredictability, urgency and diversity of demand, joint participation in military logistics, and weak economy in emergency logistics supply. In regard to the construction and operation of emergency logistics system, some viewpoints hold that it is necessary to establish a standing and professional emergency logistics command center, which is specially used for disaster relief and command work to ensure efficient and smooth implementation of emergency logistics according to our government structure and logistics operation process. The key to the successful operation of emergency logistics is to strengthen the government's role in the emergency logistics organization and guarantee system, and strengthen the construction of emergency logistics information support system and transportation guarantee system. There are some points of view that emergency logistics and military logistics have similarities in a broad sense. Emergency logistics can be regarded as a military logistics with local operation and military color. Military logistics can also be seen as an emergency logistics implemented by the military organization.

It also points out that the establishment of China's logistics emergency response mechanism must promote the comprehensive development of the socialization function of logistics, let the whole society realize the social value of logistics, establish and improve the coordination mechanism among government departments, especially the coordination mechanism between logistics department and non logistics department. The establishment of China's emergency logistics mechanism depends on the development of professional third party logistics and reverse logistics industry.

2 problems in China's traditional emergency logistics

2.1 single target

China's emergency logistics has a problem of over simpleness. Strict logistics management is essentially to reduce unnecessary waste in the general operation process. Although the pursuit of time for emergency logistics is higher than anything else, according to the nature of emergency logistics management, emergency logistics should plan, organize and control the material delivery process under the premise of ensuring the shortest time to deliver the goods needed, so as to realize the necessary channels. Economic value and cost saving. Speed and time are prerequisites for emergency logistics management, but they are not the only goals. In the theoretical circles, it is also pointed out that there is a certain degree of economic efficiency in addition to the time goal of emergency logistics. However, the understanding of this issue is not clear enough and unified. The emergency logistics is often regarded as an urgent military or administrative task, and it can not be recognized and optimized from its theoretical nature.

In the course of actual operation, the problem of too simple objective of emergency logistics is more prominent. Once an emergency occurs, no matter what the government or enterprise often costs for a single purpose, this is mainly due to the fact that the power of the dominant emergency logistics is administrative power, and the responsibility department has a narrow look phenomenon to complete the administrative order, so it can not consider the emergency plan as a whole. The comprehensive benefits of logistics may lead to the high cost of emergency logistics operation.

2.2 the operation mechanism is not perfect.

There are also some imperfections in the operation of emergency logistics in China. For example, from the perspective of emergency logistics operation mechanism, the mechanism should be long-lasting, instructive and operable. For emergencies, although our government departments at all levels have worked out a series of corresponding plans, they are often some guiding documents, and do not know much about the agencies involved in emergency logistics operation, and the actual operation is not strong enough.

From the point of command, when a contingency occurs, there will be a command organization in general. However, the division of command is not clear enough. There is no unified command and control agency for the logistics emergency. From a coordination point of view, in the process of emergency logistics operation, the participating departments tend to separate themselves from each other and lack coordination. Some participants are moral and some are arranged in a unified way. There is no effective connection between the parties.

Two point three supervise Absence of mechanism

Benign operation must be based on perfect supervision mechanism and emergency in China. logistics There is a lack of supervision mechanism in the process of operation. Due to the tight time, emergency supervision and control mechanism is easy to be ignored. After that, people pay more attention to the results, and emergency logistics is not a frequent occurrence in many cases. The evaluation system of emergency logistics also appears to be inadequate, such as the quality of goods, the quality of transportation, the distribution of goods, the costs incurred during the period, the evaluation of the process and results. The lack of supervision mechanism has led directly to the blindness, non-standard and uneconomical nature of emergency logistics operation, and even caused immorality and violation of discipline in emergency logistics, which brings uncertain factors to the efficient operation of emergency logistics. {page_break}

3 emergency logistics based on Supply Chain Perspective optimization

Supply chain management, as the advanced stage of logistics management, takes demand as the guidance, and regards cooperation and collaboration as the core. It improves logistics operation service, flexibility and cost. It examines the operation of the whole logistics chain from a broader perspective and optimizes logistics operation from the perspective of price value, so as to make logistics optimal. For emergency logistics, to further optimize its operation and achieve the desired results, we need to examine it from the perspective of supply chain.

3.1 organization optimization

From the point of view of supply chain management, logistics organization network is a network chain structure, and the construction of network chain structure is directly related to the efficiency of emergency logistics operation.

3.1.1 establishes and plays the role of core organizations.

According to the theory of supply chain management, a core organization plays a leading role in an efficient supply chain system, and each participant carries out logistics operation around the core organization. Because of the particularity of emergency logistics, the core organization must have strong influence and even mobilize the logistics operation of the entire supply chain. Therefore, this organization should be undertaken by government agencies. Different from the general supply chain organization construction, the determination of the core enterprises in the general supply chain is restricted by the strong influence of the core enterprises, and is constrained by the economic interests as a link and contract, and the core enterprise realizes the coordination of the entire supply chain. For emergency logistics, the determination of the core organization and the control of the entire supply chain are determined by laws, regulations and administrative powers.

3.1.2 streamline and optimize emergency logistics supply chain organization

In the process of constructing the emergency logistics supply chain organization, on the one hand, we need strong core organizations and mechanisms to guarantee. On the other hand, in order to achieve the pursuit of time for emergency logistics, the whole supply chain structure should be reduced as much as possible to save the time between organization and organization in the process of operation. From the source to the realization of the final emergency logistics, the participants in the whole process are not too easy.

3.1.3 absorbs the participation of third party logistics and special logistics organization

According to the theory of supply chain management, the best organization system of logistics supply chain is composed of participants with core competence and relative advantage in each operation step. Only in this way can we achieve strong alliance and achieve optimal operation of supply chain. Taking into account the urgency of logistics conditions such as time and complexity of the road in the emergency logistics process, we should make full use of and absorb the third logistics enterprises and professional special logistics providers in the emergency logistics supply chain organization system in order to give full play to its core capability and achieve the purpose of emergency logistics operation.

3.2 process optimization

Process management is the main body of emergency logistics management. The goal of emergency logistics is to achieve rapid material circulation through efficient process system. The optimization of emergency logistics process should be based on the whole supply chain of emergency logistics, not only the internal operation of participants should be considered, but also the whole logistics supply chain process should be considered as a whole. The process of emergency logistics mainly includes the determination of demand, material preparation, distribution and distribution. In the process of realizing emergency logistics, we should pay attention to the following aspects.

3.2.1 establish emergency logistics transfer and distribution center

The nodes in the logistics supply chain are built to better realize the material flow in the logistics supply chain. In the process of emergency logistics operation, emergency logistics distribution center should be established near the disaster area or within the disaster area. After the goods are transported through the outside, the goods will be transported to all the demand points after necessary operations. In the field, emergency supplies are transported in large quantities and few varieties. The demand characteristics of demand point are multi varieties and small batch. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish an emergency logistics distribution center, which can optimize the whole process of emergency supply chain. In addition, through temporary storage and sorting of materials, joint distribution can also be achieved to prevent road congestion and improve transport efficiency. Of course, there will be direct transportation under special circumstances.

3.2.2 value based process optimization

Guided by the theory of value chain, it optimizes the waste of time and cost. Supply chain management emphasizes on examining the whole process from the nature of value, optimizing or eliminating links that waste value or produce no value at all. For emergency logistics, the value is mainly manifested in time and cost. For the emergency logistics process, we should find out the key time bottleneck from the perspective of time value and try to solve it. In addition, the US supply chain managers put forward the "end-to-end" process system in the supply chain process management optimization, put forward the strategic asset view of supply chain process, and asked to plan and control the process from the source. From the planning, procurement, operation to the last section, we must grasp the core content and achieve the "end-to-end" control and management of the whole process.

3.2.3 establish emergency logistics information platform

According to the theory of supply chain management, efficient process comes from effective collection of information, and in emergency logistics operation, we must ensure efficient and fluent information, and effectively gather together. On the one hand, we will lay a foundation for the operation plan, and on the other hand, make the whole operation more flexible. {page_break}

3.2.4 attaches importance to reverse logistics in emergency logistics

In the process of emergency logistics operation, in the past, attention was only paid to forward logistics, but not enough to reverse logistics. The supply chain operation system is bidirectional, and a good logistics process necessarily includes the unity of positive and reverse. For example, in the event of an emergency, a large number of necessary materials are needed to enter the disaster area quickly. At the same time, many damaged materials in the disaster area need to be transported. Only in this way can the normal system of the disaster area be ensured. In addition, the importance of reverse logistics in the emergency logistics process is also a necessary means to protect the environment to the greatest extent.

3.3 optimization of cooperation mode

The most important feature of supply chain management theory is to emphasize cooperation among supply chain members. Only with full cooperation and collaboration can effective operation of the entire supply chain be realized effectively. For the emergency logistics, the participants are diverse, the geographical distribution is wide, and the organization and units can cooperate closely. The effectiveness and efficiency of cooperation directly determine the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency logistics operation.

The composition of 3.3.1 cooperation body

In China's emergency logistics operation, the cooperation mainly includes regional cooperation, civil military cooperation, cooperation between upstream and downstream. First, deal with the relationship between these subjects. For regional cooperation, a long-term logistics cooperation mechanism should be established. If there is a crisis, emergency plans between regions can be launched. Taking grain as an example, China's grain production and marketing are very unbalanced. As the main grain sales area in the southeast coast, there may be a food consumption crisis in the unconventional state. This requires that the main sales areas in Southeast China and Northeast China and other major production areas establish cooperative mechanisms on weekdays. For the cooperation between the army and the people, the army plays a major role in the composition of China's emergency logistics organization. It needs to give full play to the role of the army, and on the other hand, it should also rationally guide the participation of the people. Reasonable participation of the public can play a good supplementary role in emergency logistics, but if participation is improper, it will cause some confusion to the entire emergency logistics. Therefore, in the process of emergency logistics management, we should pay attention to the rational guidance to the masses and realize the rational cooperation between the army and the people. For the upper and lower reaches of emergency logistics, closer cooperation is needed to achieve seamless operation.

Optimization of 3.3.2 cooperation motivation

The analysis of the cause of cooperation can clearly understand the internal mechanism of cooperation. In supply chain management, the driving force of cooperation can be the development of the core competitiveness of enterprises and the realization of economic benefits, that is, the so-called win-win or even win. In emergency logistics, the motivation of cooperation can be divided into two categories, one is the internal demand, that is, the partners often realize from moral sense that they must cooperate closely and integrate themselves into the emergency logistics supply chain; the other is external pressure, that is, administrative command type, and this is the main motivation. This kind of comparison pays more attention to the situation that administrative command is the most important and morality is subsidiary. In the long run, we should give due consideration to the development and utilization of economic cooperation motives, and effectively encourage or punish cooperation.

Optimization of 3.3.3 cooperation process

In the mode of cooperation between the participants of the emergency logistics supply chain, we should change the traditional behavior of simple transaction and administrative cooperation in the past, and consider from the long-term, overall and strategic perspectives, and optimize the purpose and mode of the two parties, so that the cooperation can be more planned and coordinated. Cooperation should be formed in a normal way, and emergency logistics cooperation plans should be worked out at regular intervals. Through regular or irregular visits and drills, it will make it more smooth, optimize the cooperation mode from deep and wide, and even innovate the cooperation mode.

4 performance evaluation system and optimization of evaluation

Good performance evaluation system is the guarantee of supply chain management. Although emergency logistics has certain particularity, it also needs evaluation and evaluation. On the one hand, it ensures the normal operation of emergency logistics, on the other hand, it also plays a certain incentive role, and it can accumulate experience for urgent logistics operation in the future.

(1) strengthening the construction of laws and regulations for emergency logistics. In emergency logistics, there will be others who set obstacles to emergency logistics in order to gain benefits. Emergency logistics is a state of emergency in the country or region. In order to ensure the effectiveness and effectiveness of the act, the state should regulate the corresponding behaviors from the laws and regulations, so as to prevent the unfair behavior in the emergency logistics process.

(2) strengthen the supervision of the operation process. For emergency logistics, we should implement the supervision of the operation process, set up corresponding supervision and audit institutions, and formulate corresponding supervision methods. In view of the actual situation, we formulate a series of corresponding indicators to inspect the whole emergency logistics from time, quality and economy. Not only should we focus on emergency supplies to the disaster area, but also we should pay special attention to the final distribution and deal with the problem of "last mile" in the entire supply chain. Only by implementing the whole process of supervision can effective control of emergency logistics be achieved, which is the key to the real function of emergency logistics distribution system.

(3) reasonable evaluation and rewards and punishments for the results of emergency logistics. At the end of the emergency logistics, we should evaluate the whole process of emergency logistics, and reward and punish the participants according to the results, so that we can better sum up our experience and arouse the enthusiasm of the participants.

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