I Understand The Whole Story Of The "Yellow Book".

Editor's note, according to the "yellow book", can not bring people's thoughts back to the six and 70s of last century.

In the year when the spiritual food was extremely scarce, a yellow cover, printed with the words "internal distribution", became a treasure that many people sought and circulated. It was Plo Michel J in the hearts of young people, bringing the exotic fire to illuminate their spiritual life.

In those books, Russian and Soviet literary works account for a considerable proportion, some of which have been reissued in the form of a public release, some of which have now been recognized as classics in literary history.

Those works had a direct impact on the birth, growth and growth of literature in the new era. It is a strange and important story in the history of Sino Russian literary exchanges.

More than 30 years later, we still see these names in many people's writings and articles such as "today's" writers, such as avant-garde writers: "people, years, life", "star tickets", "Ivan Denisovitch's Day"...

They are linked with words such as youth, underground reading, ideological emancipation, and so on.

However, the narration of the "yellow book" is basically personal and scattered, and has not yet been introduced in a more comprehensive way.

Mr. Zhang Fusheng has been working in the foreign literature editing room of the people's Literature Publishing House since 1977. Although the publication of the "yellow book" has ended, he has been searching for it for many years, and he knows well about the publishing process of the "yellow book".

In the course of this newspaper's invitation to write articles, he consulted himself and interviewed a number of publishers and literary predecessors related to the "yellow book": Sun Shengwu (formerly the deputy editor in chief of the people's Literature Publishing House, the principal person in charge of the Yellow Book), and Chen Bingyi (editor in chief of "world literature", "foreign literature reference materials", "the dynamics of foreign literature", Secretary of the Chinese writers' Association), Li Shuguang (once worked in the Central Propaganda Department, later pferred to the deputy editor in chief of the people's Literature Publishing House), Qin Shunxin (once the deputy editor in chief of the people's Literature Publishing House, and one of the specific editors of the "yellow book").

Mr. Zhang Fusheng emphasized that writing articles should first of all be grateful to the help of the above-mentioned gentlemen.

The following articles are written by the editor of the newspaper.

In the recent years, some writers and scholars often referred to the "yellow book" in their memory, and some scholars wanted to carry out research in this field, but they were hard pressed for information and could not enter the door.

According to legend, you are a person who collects more yellow papers in China, and have many contacts with some of the predecessors who participated in the "yellow book". Can you give a brief introduction to the "yellow book"?

Answer: the so-called "yellow book" is a special type of "internal distribution" books in China in the 60s and 70s of last century.

Because the material of its seal is different from the general internal distribution book, it uses a yellow offset paper which is slightly thicker than that of the main paper.

There are also some books that do not use yellow cover, but people also put them in the ranks of the "yellow book", which is explained later.

The cover or the bottom of the yellow book is printed with the words "internal distribution". Some of the books also contain a small note which is one inch wide and two inches wide.

There are three kinds of books: novels are usually 32, and theories are 32, and poetry is 32.

In the early 60s, when the "yellow book" came out, only about 900 copies were printed.

Its readers are highly targeted: Cadres above the bureau level and famous writers.

This adds a "mysterious" color to it.

According to Mr. Qin Shunxin, who was responsible for the specific editing work of the "yellow book", he had seen a small book in the chief editor's office. After the book was published, he would notify the buyer according to the above unit name and personal name.

Mr. Li Shuguang, who worked in the Central Propaganda Department and later pferred to deputy editor in chief of the people's Literature Publishing House, also said that the list was strictly censored. He participated in the preparation and was examined by leaders such as Zhou Yang and Lin Mohan.

Cheng Wen, an old editor of Russian and Soviet literature, recalled that he was responsible for the investigation of Soviet Union in the work of the foreign cultural Liaison Committee directly under the State Council, so they also had a "yellow book", which was locked into the secret cabinet after reading.

When did the publication of the "yellow book" start and when did it end?

The publication of the "yellow book" can basically be divided into two historical stages.

The first stage was before the cultural revolution, mainly from 1962 to 1965, published a series of "yellow book", such as the novel "bitter fruit" (1962), the poem "man" (1964), the script "de Nibo River" (1962), the theoretical work "Soviet literature and Humanism" (1963) and so on.

The second stage was from the middle of the Cultural Revolution to the end of the cultural revolution, mainly from 1971 to 1978. But at that time, the "yellow book" was already "unworthy of the name". The cover of some books changed to "white skin" and "gray skin". Among them, "the world" (1971), "white boat" (1973), and "riverside Street apartment" (1978).

Previously, I always thought that the first book of the yellow book was "bitter fruit" published in February 1962. It collected 25 novels, poems and essays from the Soviet Union, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and other countries. Mr. Li Shuguang, one of the plators of "bitter fruit", also thought of it by Mr. Cao Suling.

But a few days ago, Mr. Qin Shunxin told me that before the bitter fruit, the book "outside the mountains, the sky and the sky" (1961) should also be classified as the "yellow book".

The cover of this poetry collection is green, and it does not contain the word "internal distribution", but the book is printed with the book "internal information."

A small note.

I checked the Chinese version of the library's edition of the "national internal distribution of Library heads", indeed has this book.

Mr Qin Shunxin believes that the publication of the "yellow book" series can be traced back to the publication of "not bread alone" published in 1957.

If Mr. Qin has a good memory, the publication of the "yellow book" seems to have a "prelude" stage, but this remains to be further verified.

Following the two main historical stages of the publication of the "yellow book", we first need to know the origin of the "yellow book".

Born in the background of "anti revisionism", the "yellow book", as the "critical book" and "negative teaching material", has emerged under special historical conditions. What is the specific background?

Answer: it is not difficult to see the publication time and bibliography of this set of books. It was born under the banner of anti revisionism.

I have consulted with the predecessors of the publishing circles, Mr. Sun Shengwu and Qin Shunxin, the original leader of the "yellow book".

They said that from 1959 to 1960, Sino Soviet relations deteriorated gradually, and the propaganda department demanded that the cultural publishing circles cooperate with the anti revisionist struggle.

People's Literature Publishing House, as a state-level Literature Publishing House, is duty bound to serve the work of anti revisionism.

According to some issues that were debated in the Soviet Union's literary circles at that time, such as describing war, human nature theory, and Alan Burger's literary and artistic thought, the publishing house decided on a number of topics, all of which were selected in the Soviet Union or literary works praised or criticized.

I have also asked Mr. Chen Bingyi, the old leader of world literature, on this issue.

That day (October 15, 1998), he talked a lot, generally means: from December 1959 to January 1960, the Central Propaganda Department opened a cultural work conference in the new overseas Chinese restaurant, which revealed, of course, the spirit of a higher figure than Zhou Yang, the Central Propaganda Department.

After the meeting, Zhou Yang asked some people to talk, to publish negative textbooks, and to provide information for counter revisions.

This is very clear, but there is no official document.

Mr. Chen Bingyi told me: "this meeting is very important. I knew it beforehand. So at the end of 1959, I published the" world literature reference album "in the name of" editorial department of world literature ", which is called" the recent major controversy in the Soviet literary world ".

Later, I found the second copy of Mr. Chen Bingyi's album, which received 39 controversial articles, 278 pages.

The cover is printed with "internal publications" for reference only.

A word reversed here should be "internal publication".

The bottom cover is not priced, only printed with the words "November 19, 1959 series".

He also mentioned a background.

In May 1959, the third Soviet Union Congress of writers was held.

Mr. Mao Dun led a delegation to attend the meeting.

At that time, the Soviet literary world began to be chaotic and debated on many issues.

We have not read any specific works on the issue, so Zhou Yang has to understand the situation and grasp the materials to match the upcoming two party struggle.

Mr. Chen Bingyi feels that he is "Lai long" from the "yellow book".

I have asked many of my predecessors about the issue of "Lai long", because no documents are available.

Mr. Li Shuguang and Mr. Gao Mang think that this statement of Mr. Chen Bingyi is true and credible.

Is there any other party to tell you about the origin of the "yellow book"?

In August 5th this year, Mr. Li Shuguang said, "after the meeting of the new overseas Chinese restaurant in December 1959, Zhou Yang interviewed some experts and theorists to discuss the problems of humanism and humanity in bourgeois literature and art.

Chen Bingyi, Jiang Chunfang and Feng Zhi.

It is mainly for everyone to strengthen the investigation and study of the major events in foreign literary circles, and to produce negative teaching materials, so as to provide references for leaders of the literary and art circles.

Mr. Li Shuguang also said: "the Propaganda Department of the Central Propaganda Department has set up a literary and art anti revisionist group. After the study by Zhou Yang and Lin Mohan, the specific person in charge is Lin Mohan.

This group is mainly drafting an anti revisionist article, and at the same time grasping the publication of the "yellow book". I help Lin Mohan to do some liaison work.

My main contact is Comrade Chen Bingyi, and sometimes I have looked for Comrade Ye Shui Fu.

I remember that it was "bitter fruit" published earlier.

Since I was a contact, after the publication of the "yellow book", I sent samples and sometimes looked at the samples. I remember seeing the sample of "Niang Zi Gu" and others.

Mr. Qin Shunxin talked about the meeting of new overseas Chinese hotel. Mr. Qin Shunxin said that he had heard the report of the meeting. He remembered that Zhou Yang or Qian Junrui had said: "our understanding of European and American literature is basically black, and the understanding of the Soviet Union's Eastern Europe is also half baked."

To publish the reference material of foreign literature, this spirit is conveyed to the publisher.

After the publication of the "yellow book" after 1971, the publication of the "yellow book" published before the cultural revolution, the book of reading: what books were published in the form of "yellow paper" before the Cultural Revolution?

Zhang Fusheng: before the cultural revolution, it should include novels: "bitter fruit" (1962), "people, years, life" (first, second, 1962), "the living and the dead" (1962), "the star train ticket" (1963), "thaw" (1963), "Ivan Deniso Vicki's Day" (1963), "Sol Reni Zin's short stories collection" (1964), "war and echo" (1964), the Soviet Union young writers' novel collection (upper and lower, 1965), "soldiers are not born" (1965), "small bell" (1965), "atmatovo novel" (1965), and so on. Xie

The poems of Ren: "man" (1964), "Niang Zi Gu" and others (poetry, 1963), "Jiao Er Jin you di" (1964) and so on.

The script for the play: "on the river de nibe" (1962), "Irkutsk story" (1963), "protecting sons" (1963), "before dinner" (1964), "blizzard" (1963) and so on, and so on.

He also has a number of literary and artistic works: Soviet literature and humanitarianism (1963), "positive figures in Soviet literature, war issues" (1963), "young writers and their creations in the Soviet Union" (1963), some critics and writers of the Soviet Union on art innovation and "White Russian performance" (1964), "Humanitarianism and modern literature" (above, below 1965), drama conflicts and Heroes (1965), and so on, about 13 kinds.

These theoretical books are rarely mentioned, but they are very important parts of the "yellow book".

In addition to the Soviet Union's literary works, there are not many books in the "yellow book" series except the Soviet Union's literature. The number of books in the United States is on the road (1962) and the catcher in the Rye (1965), Faye Lou Mina martlno (1964) in Italy, the climb up in the UK (1962), waiting for Godot (1965), Yugoslavia's Naga (1964), Bulgaria's traces after the storm.