90 Years Of Eventful &Nbsp; The Weaving Of China'S Textile Industry.

The old Chinese textile industry was well preserved, and became the largest pillar industry in the country after liberation. The reform and opening up allowed the textile industry to enter the market economy system first. The new century has made the textile industry develop at a high speed. Every process is inseparable from the strong leadership and arduous exploration of the Chinese Communist Party.

From the lack of clothing to the world of clothing and clothing, and from the textile giant to the textile power, China's textile industry has gone through an unprecedented revolution.

The great changes in China's textile industry have profoundly changed the fate of the Chinese nation, changed the pattern of global development, and made the world take a look at it.

I nnovation

Before the founding of new China, industrial workers became pioneers in textiles.

The establishment of textile factories after the Westernization Movement laid the foundation for the preliminary development of China's modern textile industry.

Modern textile is an important component of China's modernization. It is of great significance and function in modern Chinese history.

In the 30s of last century, people who had done textile were gone, and there were few people who had done textile in 40s.

Li Baichang, deputy director of the Department of science and technology of the former Ministry of textile industry, is one of the few predecessors who has witnessed the history of modern textile in China.

Now Li Bai Chang, who is now an old man, has devoted himself to the textile industry for more than 60 years. In his own words, "in the past hundred years of modern Chinese industrial history, our generation has caught up with its tail and participated in it."

Talking about the textile industry of that year, Li has a fresh memory.

At the beginning of the 1870s, with the rise of Westernization Movement and the importation of foreign capitalist forces, the importation of foreign cloth and yarn made Chinese traditional handicraft textile industry severely hit, and a large number of farmers and handicraftsmen went bankrupt. The development of textile commodity market created conditions for the establishment of modern textile industry.

In 1872, the founding of Guangdong changchanglong silk reeling factory opened the way for the modern textile industry in China.

But the real scale of the textile industry actually needs to start from the Westernization School of 1888.

From then until 1949, more than 70 years ago, the modern textile industry in China has developed.

But cotton spinning spindles only have 5 million spindles, wool spinning has 130 thousand spindles, and hemp spun 30 thousand spindles.

"From the scale of cotton spinning ingots, it was ranked seventh in the world, which is not as good as India, nor Germany."

Li Bai clearly remembered that the year before the war of resistance against Japan was such a scale. Because of the successive wars and the corruption and incompetence of the Kuomintang, the development of the national industry was very difficult. "At that time, the textile workers worked very hard and went to work 22 hours a day."

He introduced.

Li Bai entered the textile industry in 1946 and worked in textile mills such as Xianyang cotton mill.

He recalled that at that time, the Xianyang textile mill was a textile mill with more than 10 thousand spindles jointly organized by the official layout of Hubei province and the Bank of China at the beginning of the war of resistance against Japan. Most of the machinery and equipment were salvaged by the Japanese Army during the Anti Japanese War, which was salvaged by the Japanese army. The power system at that time was also a collective pmission of the steam driven belt with a movable shaft belt.

Most of the textile enterprises before liberation were Japanese funded enterprises. The national capital has always been squeezed and oppressed.

Almost all of the main production equipment is dependent on imports, and even the main accessories depend on foreign supply.

Textile raw materials are seriously inadequate and have been imported from abroad for a long time.

Textile enterprises basically concentrated in a few coastal cities, away from the vast number of raw materials and consumer markets.

In Shanghai alone, 47% of the old Chinese cotton spinning equipment and 73.5% of wool spinning equipment were concentrated.

In other people's eyes, the textile industry in old China is a rotten booth.

In Li's view, the rise of modern textile industry is not only a process of introducing western textile technology, but also a process of training and training textile workers and technical forces.

Through large-scale production practice, China's first batch of modern textile industry workers and technical forces began to appear.

Although the textile workers were oppressed by the feudal system and bullied by the foreign artisans at that time, they grasped the production technology in practice and became the pioneer of developing the textile industry later.

"The good preservation of the old Chinese textile industry benefits from the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China."

Li also remembered the scene when he joined the factory workers' factory team. When the Kuomintang withdrew, he constantly bombed the power plants of bridges and factories. Under the leadership of the CPC's underground party, the textile mills in all parts of the country organized workers' factory teams, and the Xianyang textile mill was well preserved.

This is also the reason why the textile factories in coastal areas and inland areas have not been seriously damaged.

"Laid a good foundation for the rapid recovery of new China's textile industry".

Turn the world upside down

30 years after liberation -- becoming the largest pillar industry in China

After the ruling of the Communist Party of China, people always pay close attention to the people's livelihood. "Clothing" is the best solution to solve the basic living needs of our people.

It took only a generation to pform the textile industry from the semi colonial to the world's first scale, and realized the Millennium dream of the Chinese people.

Cao Pinglin, director of the planning department of the former Ministry of textile industry, who witnessed the development of textile industry in New China, talked about the development of the textile industry after liberation.

In 1950, Cao Pinglin, a top student from the textile department of Nanyang University, came to the textile department's planning department with a bright vision of the new China textile industry.

The first job he just took part in was to be entrusted to the State Council by the leadership.

"Comrade Xi Zhongxun received me at that time and asked me to tell the Ministry to help Tibet build a woolen mill."

Cao Pinglin returned to the Ministry to report the task to the leader, and the textile department immediately contacted Shanghai. Shanghai weir wool textile mill was moved to Tibet Linzhi, and now has the Tibet Linzhi woollen mill.

"In textile department, my strongest feeling is that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is in front of us. Every step of the development of the textile industry is inseparable from the guidance of the party."

Cao Pinglin was still very proud to talk about the past.

At the beginning of the founding of new China, the biggest task faced by the party and the government is to stabilize the people's livelihood, stabilize prices, restore and develop production, and try to accumulate funds to build new China.

The textile industry was the largest pillar industry in the country, and its output value accounted for 30% of the total industrial output value of the country.

At the meeting of the State Council, comrade Chen Yun said, "the state uses 1 yuan to buy cotton, spun yarn and woven cloth, and it can sell 4 yuan. If it is used to produce knitwear, it will return more money."

Chen Yun's speech made a very vivid illustration of the important role of the textile industry in the accumulation of funds, the supply of the market and the national economy and the people's livelihood.

Cao Pinglin, who is responsible for textile planning, said that during the "15" period, five large-scale cotton textile bases in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Zhengzhou and Xi'an were built quickly, easing the dress problem of the whole nation and speeding up the accumulation of funds in the national economic construction.

In the large-scale construction of new factories, we should pay attention to changing the irrational layout of the old Chinese textile industry on the coast.

Most of the cotton mills are located in the cotton producing areas of North China, Central South, northwest and Xinjiang, and wool textile factories are built in the wool producing areas of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Ningxia. The silk factories are mainly located in the cocoon producing areas such as Sichuan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, which have changed the deformed layout of the textile industry in the past, which is far away from the producing areas and the sales market, and is concentrated in a few coastal cities.

During the first five year plan, the national textile industry accumulated nearly 10 billion yuan of funds (including industrial profits and taxes) for the state, equivalent to 38% of the country's first five year plan of industrial investment.

Cotton spinning spindle reaches about 7000000 spindles.

In the early 60s of last century, the state suffered from natural calamities. The central government considered the whole situation and decided to export textile products back to US dollars for grain purchase.

"At that time, the export market was mainly used by the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries.

The ten years of turmoil caused serious damage to the textile industry. But because the textile industry is directly related to the clothing problem of the whole nation, the central committee still attaches great importance to it. Chairman Mao Zedong clearly pointed out: "we must pay close attention to grain, we must pay close attention to cotton and we must pay close attention to cloth."

In order to solve the problem of raw materials in the textile industry, the State Council held a cotton conference from 1962 to 1979 for several years in a centralized cotton producing county. Premier Zhou personally chaired the meeting to arrange the production of cotton and other cash crops, so that the output of cotton remained above 40 million tons.

The output of cotton yarn plan in 1969 was 10 million, reaching 9 million 940 thousand at the end of the year, which was only 60 thousand different from the planned target.

Qian Zhiguang, the old minister of the Ministry of textile industry, regretted, "just one breath."

In the past second years, through the efforts of all parties, the output of cotton yarn has increased to 11 million 310 thousand, which surpassed that of the United States.

When Premier Zhou Enlai met with us friend Snow, he announced for the first time that the output of Chinese cotton yarn and cotton cloth ranks first in the world.

This is the first important output statistics of industrial products released by the state since 1959.

"The central government also attaches great importance to the development of chemical fiber industry."

Cao Pinglin said that in 1971, Chairman Mao's side staff bought a Dacron trousers from a long queue of clothing shops, which impressed the chairman deeply.

In 1972, Chairman Mao said at a meeting: "buy"

Before the 70s of last century, China did not have the conditions for large-scale development of petroleum chemical fibre.

But developing the chemical fiber industry is a global trend. Our country must also strive for this direction.

In 1972, the central government decided to introduce complete sets of chemical fiber technology and equipment.

Construction of four major chemical fiber bases, including Shanghai Petrochemical General Plant, Liaoyang petroleum chemical fiber factory, Tianjin petroleum chemical fiber factory and Sichuan Vigny fiber factory, with a total scale of 350 thousand tons of chemical fiber per year.

The introduction of these four projects laid a solid foundation for China's chemical fiber industry, and created favorable conditions for abolition of tickets and open supply in the 80s of last century.