Recycling Of Waste Textiles &Nbsp; Specification Of Reprocessed Fiber Production

Textile industry is closely related to people's life. Spin Industry is facing two major problems. On the one hand, with the development of the world economy and technology, the application field of textiles is gradually expanding, but its use cycle is shortening. In addition, with the rapid growth of the world population, the consumption of textiles has increased rapidly, resulting in a shortage of textile raw materials and a substantial rise in prices. On the other hand, a large number of waste textiles are mostly buried and burned as garbage, which not only causes waste of resources, but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, the recovery and reuse of waste textiles can not only save a lot of resources, but also reduce the pollution of the textile industry to the environment.

Waste in recycling of waste textiles

As industrial products, clothing pollution and energy consumption seem to be lower than others, such as cars. Papermaking etc. product However, in fact, the completion of a garment involves a complex industrial chain and a lot of energy consumption. For example, a chemical fiber clothing needs to consume a lot of oil. Even a plain cotton clothing includes cotton planting, fertilization, harvesting, weaving and printing and dyeing. Every link needs to consume a lot of resources. British professional research institutions show that the average annual consumption of British textiles has reached 1 million 900 thousand tons, but only 17% of them have been recycled and most of them are buried as garbage. Similarly, in Japan, about 1 million tons of clothing are thrown away as garbage every year, and only 10% are recycled. There is no doubt that textile and clothing have become the fastest growing solid waste. Therefore, the reuse of waste clothing means the reuse of resources and the saving of energy. As an expert of the British textile recycling association said, the recycling of textiles will meet the recycling of resources and carbon index [1] in the UK.

Hazards caused by non-standard recycling and reprocessing

Reprocessed fiber refers to recycled, reused (used and unused) floc fiber products. Other fiber products or fiber products leftovers. Fibers formed by reopening and loosening. It has the rationality of being recycled to form renewable resources and the duality of "black heart cotton" as a filler for floc fiber products. China is a large country in the production and sale of fiber products. There are a large number of fibrous waste and waste fiber products. These wastes and waste fiber products are cheap, as long as they are simple equipment. Without any technology, it can be processed into reprocessed fibers. Once these reprocessed fibers are widely used in clothing, shoes, hats, bedding, soft furniture or toys, and so on, they become common people's "black heart cotton". Because of its large dust and rinsing by some sulfuric acid and other chemical substances, it can cause great damage to the human body.

The main problems in the production and sale of reprocessed fibers are: the first is the complexity and variety of raw materials. In some places, there are large-scale processing of thousands of tons of complex reprocessed raw materials, fiber or fiber products leftovers. There are also kinds of waste fiber products, some of which are prohibited by the state. Most self-employed households do not know the real source and source of raw materials, and the sale and utilization of materials are common when materials are sold and processed. Two, the order of production and sale is rather chaotic. Some lawless elements will benefit from excessive production and use fibers for reprocessing. Some will disable raw materials to be processed into reprocessed fibers, others use limited raw materials or even disable raw materials as filler for fibrous products for domestic use. Most of these self-employed households do not have certificates of operation, and have little knowledge of the relevant laws and regulations of the state. They do not establish accounts in raw material acquisition, sales, processing and so on, nor do they have labels and warning labels or labels. Some consumers will not be able to identify the good and bad with fiber products, coupled with the temptation of price factors, inferior quality fiber products have a larger sales market. In rural small commodity markets, especially in cities surrounding and small towns with more migrant workers, the sale of fibrous products with inferior quality is generally [2]. {page_break}

In recent years, the safety of floc fiber products has been highly valued in various places. Taking Liaoning Province as an example, in order to ensure the quality of fiber products and protect consumers' interests and physical and mental health, the Liaoning Fiber Inspection Bureau has jointly formulated the spirit of the opinions on strengthening the quality supervision of the group's purchase of floc fiber products based on the AQSIQ, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of health, the Ministry of education and the National Tourism Administration. On the one hand, the inspection of the floc fiber products purchased by public welfare institutions, such as hospitals, kindergartens and schools, has been intensified, and sampling inspection has been carried out for the floc fiber products purchased by these units. Through sampling inspection, we should promote the obligation of all units to fulfil the first person responsible for the quality, standardize the purchasing behavior, and cooperate with the health department to supervise and perfect the recording system for the disposal of the waste of medical fiber, to block the medical waste logistics to the society, eliminate the hidden danger of illegal production of "junk cotton"; on the other hand, we should increase publicity efforts, conduct free inspection, and deploy technical backbone to form a legal and technical expert service team in the field of clothing and floc fiber products, and carry out laws and regulations publicity and on-site free inspection activities, which has played a good role in guiding healthy consumption.

Methods and measures for recycling and reusing waste textiles

According to the possible hazards of textile waste in processing and utilization, we should take necessary protective measures to ensure the effective utilization of textile waste and its reprocessed fibers while ensuring the health and safety of employees and consumers. The most effective way to control the safety of textile wastes is to start from the source and strictly monitor the hazardous substances and contents that may cause problems in every link. At the same time, labor protection should be strengthened. On the one hand, it can provide preventive measures for workers who have long been in contact with textile wastes. On the other hand, various methods can be used to disinfect textile wastes. Because of the physiological problems of textile waste in the entire recycling chain, including waste collection, classification tear, nonwoven production and finishing. These physiological problems can be related to dust, dust, bacteria, fungi and harmful chemicals. Therefore, we should learn from Danish and German eco industrial park models for the treatment of textile wastes, and formulate corresponding plans, and adopt centralized collection, classification management, comprehensive recycling and recycling methods, [3].

At present, there are mainly 3 ways to recycle waste textiles, namely physical recovery, energy recovery and chemical recovery.

Physical recovery means that after the initial processing of waste textiles, it can be reused, or some primary raw materials can be recovered and reused. For example, the waste clothing can be cut into small pieces, used as a rag, and the carpet products that have been refurbished after repair process can be reused for discarded carpet with less serious damage.

Energy recovery is a method of recovering and reusing chemical fibers with high calorific value from waste textiles to be converted into heat by burning. It is suitable for energy recovery methods for waste textiles which can not be recycled.

Chemical recovery is a method of recycling and reusing polymers from waste textiles to obtain monomers, and then use these monomers to make new chemical fibers. At present, this method has achieved large-scale production in the recovery and reuse of some valuable chemical polymer materials.

The yarn obtained by pretreatment and spinning process can be directly used to weave new textiles, and nonwoven products can be produced by nonwoven process for non spinning fibers obtained by pretreatment. At present, there are many kinds of new textiles made from waste textiles. For example, the products developed in Austria Fehrer (Feiler) have blankets, tablecloths, all kinds of rag and industrial fabrics; Inner Mongolia second woollen mill has developed coarse tweed with ring spinning; Suzhou sulun textile factory has developed cowboy cloth with rotor spinning, and also made various kinds of tent felt, clothing lining and so on.

Foreign textile recycling

Carpet consumption in Western Europe and the United States is very large. Before 1990s, most of the waste carpets produced in these countries were mostly used as landfills. Only a small part of the old rugs that were not badly damaged were refurbished and reused. In 1990, chemical fiber producers in these countries began to explore and try the recycling technology of nylon. In December 2000, the P0lyamideAG plant in Premnitzz, Germany, used Novo synthesis technology to recycle carpet waste, and processed 120 thousand tons of old carpet every year, producing 10 thousand tons of nylon and 613 thousand tons of industrial nylon. From 2002 to 2007, the United States recovered and reused 454 thousand tons of waste carpets, of which about 125 thousand tons were recycled in 2007. The report also pointed out that by 2010, the total amount of waste carpet recycling will reach 545 thousand tons in the whole year, of which 96 thousand tons will be refurbished, 422 thousand tons will be converted to other products, and 27 thousand tons will be used for thermal power generation [4].

The support of the government will be conducive to the development of recycling work. Environmental protection is a global topic. The recovery of waste clothing should not only enhance public awareness, but also play an important role in official support. For example, the Ministry of ecology and sustainable development issued the draft on textiles and clothing, footwear and home linen products recycling in 2007. The British Ministry of environment, food and rural affairs also investigated the annual life cycle of 2 million tons of clothing, and assessed the textile waste of 1 million 160 thousand tons in England and North Ireland. The federal Commerce Commission also recognized the new situation and announced that it would reassess the green indicators in 1998. The incorporation of waste textiles into national policies has fully demonstrated the high recognition and significant support of developed countries in recycling and reusing waste garments.

Multiple recycling channels are the basis for the recycling of textile and clothing. However, at present, China's recycling channels are very limited, there is almost no effective channel, and there is a lack of professional recycling agencies, and the limited channels scattered scattered in the neighborhood committees. In contrast, the UK's recycling channels are diversified, including the adoption of door-to-door recycling by various charitable organizations, the establishment of textile recycling stations, the establishment of charity points in downtown areas and recycling boxes on the street. The old clothes that can be sold are left in the store, and the rest are sent to professional institutions for classification, processing and sales. The Nathan recycling company, built in 1903, is the largest company in the UK. It collects waste clothes from charity shops and sets up more than more than 1000 textile banks. It classifies and processes more than 350 thousand tons of material each week, and 98% is recycled. In 2003, 303 thousand tons of textiles were recovered, 41 thousand tons of garments were reused for sale, and 174 thousand tons of garments were exported to overseas countries.

In order to further develop and standardize the recycling and reuse of waste textiles, improve the utilization efficiency and form the industrial chain of circular production, China still needs to improve various aspects of work, such as learning advanced foreign experience and technology, establishing a demonstration base for the recycling and reuse of waste textiles, further strengthening supervision and inspection, standardizing the production and sales of reprocessed fibers, developing new technologies for resource recovery, and improving recovery efficiency. Only in this way can the textile waste be reused at the same time, minimizing the danger to the environment and mankind again.