Industry Perspective: Structural Shortage Of Employment To Be Solved

Affected by the downward trend of the macroeconomic situation, the demand for personnel in enterprises has been reduced, and the labor shortage in the coastal areas has eased slightly. On the one hand, it is affected by the difficulty of recruiting workers in recent years. The large increase in wages of coastal enterprises has attracted a large number of foreign businesses. The labor On the other hand, it is affected by small and medium-sized enterprises. Order Enterprises are forced to lay off workers or not to recruit workers.

"This year, the market is not good, and it doesn't need so many workers. So, compared with the beginning of this year, recruiting people is not so difficult this year." Reporters recently interviewed many places in Zhejiang, many small and micro enterprises owners said so.

It is understood that, because of the downward trend of the macroeconomic situation, the demand for enterprises is reduced, and the average labor force in the coastal areas is low. recruit and use The tension eased slightly. Experts believe that this employment situation to alleviate the "false appearance" is behind the coastal areas of SMEs are not optimistic about the survival of the situation, "12th Five-Year" period of employment problems will remain prominent, labor shortage of structural problems is still obvious, "employment difficulties" and "labor shortage" will coexist.

The shortage of skilled personnel is obvious.

"It's not easy to recruit people now, but it's much better than in previous years and early years." Zhang Kuifeng, general manager of Hangzhou rafei rain Clothing Co., Ltd. said that at the beginning of the year, he had to take a piece of brand to the labor market, and many workers began to come home or introduce them through the middle of the year.

Wang Yanju, a man from Huangmei County, Hubei, is located in the down clothes home workshop of the street of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, now has more than 30 workers. In her view, the employment situation is not very stressful this year. The main reason is that the down industry is in a bad market. "The hot weather this year has directly reduced the demand for Down garments, and the overall economic situation is not good. We have got very few lists. The old employees who have worked with me for years have been enough."

It is understood that the supply and demand situation of Zhejiang's human resources market is basically stable this year. Statistics from the Ningbo Bureau of human resources and social security show that between January and November this year, 11.96 000 enterprises in Ningbo provided 2 million 133 thousand and 200 jobs and 1 million 48 thousand job seekers, with a supply and demand ratio of 2:1. At the same time, highly educated and skilled workers are relatively scarce. In Ningbo, as the main force of the front-line workers, the labor force of junior high school and below and the labor force without technical expertise account for more than 70%.

The Jiaxing Jie Shun Tourism Products Co., Ltd., which has more than 800 employees, is engaged in the export of cleaning products. Yang Xiaohua, manager of the Department of management, said that the employees of the company are relatively stable with a turnover rate of around 10%. Relatively lacking in technology. "Our technical workers earn more than 3000 yuan, never pay wages, and pay five risks for their employees. They also pack lunch, even though skilled workers are not good at recruiting. Their own culture is also easy to be "poached" by other companies.

Shang Kegong, deputy leader of the Jiaxing labor and Social Security Supervision Detachment, said that there are technical workers shortfalls in enterprises with slightly higher technical requirements. In order to find people, enterprises and enterprises do not hesitate to raise prices or grab "people". The "oral promise" of wage increases has opened up, and even led to a series of labor disputes. According to him, under the "shortage of skilled workers", there is a new way of employment: "package workers", that is, to wrap up a production line and set up a relatively regular team, with super skilled workers and wherever people are missing.

Reduced employment increases workers' sense of insecurity

Reporters learned that Zhejiang's "labor shortage" situation has been slightly relieved. On the one hand, it is affected by the "recruitment difficulties" in recent years. The sharp increase in wage in Zhejiang has attracted a large number of foreign labor force. On the other hand, it is affected by the reduction of orders and production of small and medium-sized enterprises, and enterprises are forced to lay off workers or no longer hire workers.

Zhou Dewen, President of the Wenzhou Federation of small and medium enterprises, said that compared with last year, the average wage of Wenzhou enterprises increased by 15% to 25%, and the average monthly salary of ordinary workers was more than 2000 yuan. At the same time, because of the impact of the economic situation, some enterprises cut production and stop production, which directly led to the reduction of labor demand. Zhou Dewen said that at present, 20% of Wenzhou's enterprises are in a state of bankruptcy or semi shutdown. Zhou Jiahao, Secretary General of Jiaxing Food Industry Association, said that there were more than 720 food enterprises in Jiaxing. At present, at least 20% of them are in stoppage or semi shutdown. "We didn't start hiring again in 7 and August this year, and we cut more than 70 workers in September." Wu Mingyao, executive director of Wenzhou golden fish fish industry Co., Ltd., said that the shoe industry is in a bad situation this year. Orders have been reduced by 1/3 over last year. Even if there is an order, they are afraid to pick up the raw materials.

Reporters visited several shoe factories in Wenzhou and found that more than half of the shoe factories had been on holiday. "In previous years, the boss dragged the staff out of the holiday. Now many shoe factories have gone on vacation at the end of last month, and the rest is basically foreign trade shoe factories, afraid that shoes need to be reworked and people will be left behind at a time." Wenzhou haute Shoes Co., Ltd. workshop director Chen Shangjun said.

Some enterprises' deteriorating living conditions and unstable production conditions lead to employees' insecurity. Wang Yingping, from Bijie, Guizhou, just came to Wenzhou jade lice Shoes Co., Ltd. to do code division work because of the shoe factory she had worked for. In her view, the current job is to do day by day, do not know when the enterprise will fall, do not know when it will not earn money because of no order. Employees' insecurity may lead to reflux or diversion of employees. He Yong, who works in a shoe factory in Wenzhou, said: "business here is light and orders are low, and revenue has dropped considerably compared with last year. And the cost of living is so high. After the festival, I want to visit other provinces. "

"Employment difficulty" and "labor shortage"

Long term coexistence

Experts believe that for the coastal areas, with the improvement of the business situation, "labor shortage" will take the lead. Nationwide, the employment problem will remain prominent during the "12th Five-Year" period, and the structural shortage of employment is still obvious. However, the transformation and upgrading of enterprises will not happen overnight, and the "employment difficulty" and "labor shortage" will coexist for a long time.

The executive meeting of the State Council held on 16 may point out that the total amount of employment pressure will continue to increase during the "12th Five-Year" period. The structural contradictions between workers' skills and job demands, labor supply and labor demand do not match, and the structural contradictions will become more prominent. The task of employment is arduous and arduous.

"In coastal areas, the shortage of labour force will be a long-term trend." Yang Jianhua, director and sociologist of research center of Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences, analyzed that with the rising cost of living in cities, the transfer of industries to the central and western regions, and the unbalanced development of regional economic development, the return of industrial workers will be more obvious. At the same time, because of the absence of vocational education, the average age of labor force in Zhejiang is 43 years old, compared with the average age of 32 years old labor force outside the province.

Experts also believe that the sustainability of coastal areas will be weakened by increasing wages significantly. Zhou Guanxin, director of the Zhejiang Provincial Federation of industry and commerce research, said that the growth of Zhejiang small and medium-sized enterprises in the third quarter has been showing signs of decline, regardless of production efficiency and speed. Most of the labor-intensive industries in Zhejiang are still at the low end of the industrial chain, and the profit space will continue to be compressed, which means that the possibility of continued wage increases is very small.

Reporters learned that the high cost of labor has become a burden on the survival and development of most enterprises. Ye Xueping, director of the Zhejiang Jiaxing capital building project, said: "this year and last year, wage expenditure has increased by 20% to 30%. At present, the workers' expenditure accounts for 30% of the project cost, up 10% from last year, and the labor cost has already made the enterprises overwhelmed by the burden of labor.", "said Mr. Ye Xueping.

Chen Shida, director of the Zhejiang Institute of labor and social security, said this shows that the production way that the coastal areas rely on low cost labor force has come to an end. He suggested that in order to change the "employment difficulty", on the one hand, we should continue to improve the living environment of private enterprises, and urge them to further play the role of "pool" of labor force, and seek new employment growth points through vigorously developing the service industry, while strengthening vocational skills training for low end labor force. To alleviate the "labor shortage", we should guide enterprises to master core technology, enhance the added value of products, develop to the high end of the industrial chain, and guide workers to "decent employment", so that laborers can have a stable occupation, enjoy dignity and employment, and achieve workers' employment security and social care.