Implementation Of Material Coding In Manufacturing Industry In ERP System

1 Overview

In the ERP system, the material coding itself has no meaning, but in the system, it is the unique code for the application of various materials. Different materials should be treated differently when coding, for example, for semi-finished products. direct It is easier to implement and understand in the PDM, CAPP and actual operation by numbering the numbers as coding.

2 material coding principles

Instead of requiring material coding to express richer meanings, only the main attributes can be directly reflected by material coding. If you want to make the code express all levels of meaning, it will increase the complexity of coding and the difficulty of implementation. The properties of many materials are constantly developing and deepening, and can not be defined in advance. Adding the meaning of coding to how to classify and how to give bits cause uncertainty. If the prediction is insufficient or ill considered, if the code bits are not enough, it is necessary to modify the encoding rules and make sure the established materials. Code After all the scavenging is done, code or add another segment according to the new rules, which is very large and unnecessary for an on-line system. The meaning of coding is of no special significance to the implementation of business. Through the setting of various attribute fields of materials, business needs can be realized. For ERP systems, the operation of the system depends on each field attribute of the material. The meaning of coding is entirely based on human brain memory, and these coding meanings are not practical. Therefore, data processing can be easily implemented by specification of materials. Even if we want to get data of some material meaning, we should grasp the field attributes defined in the system. Over expression of material coding meaning will waste the coding resources of a system, that is, a material type can encode one hundred thousand material numbers. Due to over setting the various meanings of coding, if such meaning is implemented, the utilization rate of coding resources will be greatly reduced.

We should pay attention to the hierarchical relationship of material types. We should define the classification implementation method simply and clearly. However, the meaning level should not exceed three levels. We should not consider more complicated or detailed rules. We should only consider the important and important attributes that are solidified. The variable attributes should not be included in the coding. Secondly, the definition of hierarchy can not be conflicting. For example, it is defined by the physical attributes of materials, and is defined by the department or function of the material, resulting in the inaccurate definition and repeated definition of material levels, which will cause confusion of material naming.

2.1 definition of coding principles

(1) uniqueness

Material code should be uniquely identified, not duplicated and cannot be duplicated. In the database, the general material coding is often used as the key field of the table. The key fields in the table also require the coding of each material is unique.

(2) standardization

As far as possible, the general standard is used to encode. The general principle is that once the standard is established, its status is quite consistent with the regulations. All the business departments, including the technical department, purchasing department, warehousing department, sales department and so on, must comply with this regulation. Different meanings can be put forward to the responsible department of law and regulations, adjust the rules, or execute according to the present rules, and must not ignore the existence of laws and regulations, and make another set according to their own ideas. This will result in duplication or unidentification of code, and will also cause a series of problems to the maintenance of BOM, the execution of purchasing plans, and the issuance of warehouses.

(3) simplification

Material code should be simple, easy to read and easy to understand. Because of encoding system It is frequently invoked, for example, there are hundreds of thousands of pens in the warehouse every month. If you enter a 14 bit encoding and input a 6 bit encoding, the efficiency and error rate of the whole input are very different. It is recommended that the length of the code be reasonably predicted. The length of the encoding should ensure that the material code can be expanded in the future. In addition, when coding, try not to mix letters and numbers or symbols, which also improves the efficiency of input.

(4) shortness

The material coding should have the attributes of fast identification, fast input and quick processing by computers.

(5) systematicness

To build a comprehensive and systematic structure of the code of things, building a complete system of coding is very important for the company's future work. Only when coding is institutionalized under standard planning can it be controlled, and maintenance in the system is also guaranteed.

(6) scalability

All the compiled code should leave room for expansion. There should be room for coding planning, even if it is not available at the present stage, but it should be planned for further expansion of the system.

2.2 implementation of coding principles

(1) take as many figures as possible.

Using numbers as much as possible can increase the efficiency of keyboard input. It also avoids the confusion between numbers and some English letters because of their shape. If the English alphabet is not used, the English alphabet is preferably arranged in the first few yards, and the number is the same.

(2) general principles of classification

Coding can simply reflect classification. The general principle of classification is that the large classification number is in advance, and the minor number is arranged in sequence, and the overall level is not more than three levels. For example, when the material number is first, second yards, a large classification number can be represented. The third, fourth, fifth code represents the middle classification number, the sixth, seventh code represents the small classification number, and then the serial number is numbered by the three digit code. If there is any future Newly added Data is inserted in the corresponding bit code.

(3) code attribute changes

If the attributes of the data change, you must never put them in the encoding rules. For example, the departments that employees belong to are also included in the attributes of coding.

3 steps to implement coding

3.1 set up a professional team.

Try to select professionals who are familiar with department's business and have rich work experience to form a professional team. These professionals should be familiar with the existing data, business processes and business conditions of the factory. Only when they are familiar with the business can they design the data blueprint plan according to the actual needs of the factory according to the ERP software. Otherwise, it was discovered that the original plan was not correct after being online, and then the data definition was redefined. The consequences are quite serious, and even lead to offline system. The planning of data must depend on blueprint planning. Professionals should be careful and flexible. Because the compilation of data is a long, complicated and boring job, the chosen person must be able to bear the pressure and be patient. The professional ability of professionals is strong. Many data collation is a repetitive work. IT technology should be used to develop some small programs to reduce duplication of work, so that data work can get twice the result with half the effort, and at the same time, it can improve the accuracy of data.

The department involved in the preparation of material code involves technology, purchasing, manufacturing, sales, finance and other departments. Generally speaking, technical departments are the main ones, but all relevant departments should take part in it. The reason is that when coding is a lot, it is related to the actual business, so the opinions of all departments and related suggestions are very important. Listen to the views of all sides before making a comprehensive plan. After determining the plan. The project team members involved in various departments are also equivalent to a disseminator. The interpretation and implementation of code from these members to departments will be quicker and save time. Communication between departments will be easier.

3.2 blueprint plan with ERP project.

(1) sort out and plan the data according to the operation status of enterprises, understand the connection relationship between these data, assess the scale of data volume, and have a clear understanding of the complexity and workload of data collection. And to assess the staffing requirements and the time required. Sorting out the data volume of five thousand and five hundred thousand, we need to adopt different data collation strategies.

(2) some material codes can not be correctly filled out with the current basic data. They can be temporarily not managed in SAP. The key is to ensure the accuracy of data entering into SAP and the timeliness of input, and to keep room for future expansion.

3.3 classification of materials

(1) according to the nature of the materials used, the materials are divided into two categories: productive materials and non productive materials. The productive materials are divided into finished products, semi-finished products and raw materials. Raw materials are also divided into raw materials without map numbers and raw materials with map numbers. Non productive materials can also be divided into figures and figures. It can be divided into black metal, non-ferrous metal, matching kit, small matching, fastener, chemical material, insulating material, wire and cable, welding material, excipient, product spare parts, packing material and so on. It can also be divided into map matching, casting, forging and other materials. Non productive materials are divided into outsourcing tools, mechanical spare parts, electrical spare parts, capital construction materials, safety ring materials, auto parts materials, office supplies, etc.

(2) pay attention to the difference between purchasing unit, stock unit and sales unit. For discrete enterprises, more attention should be paid to purchasing units and stock units. In SAP, the unit with the smallest quantity is usually the basic unit, usually the basic unit of inventory. In particular, we should pay attention to the differences between purchasing units and basic units. The conversion relationship between basic units and purchasing units should be formulated ahead of time. The usual situations are: screws and nuts, which are purchased in boxes, boxes and kilograms. The basic units of the materials are units. Materials such as oil or liquid are issued in ascending units, while in barrels they are purchased. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a conversion relationship among various units so that the system can be automatically converted. For different materials or brand different materials, the price will vary. From the perspective of cost accounting, it is suggested to apply different material management to avoid accounting differences and facilitate cost control.

4 process management

Material data management and maintenance of material flow in operation need careful consideration. The principle of system data management is to ensure that the same type of material coding can only have one outlet, and the code must be effectively controlled to prevent duplication and the occurrence of multiple objects. From the point of view of data maintenance, 2 main types of maintenance modes are usually adopted, the 1 is centralized, that is, all data are input from the same channel, and the other 1 are distributed, that is, all the corresponding data are maintained by professionals in relevant functional departments, such as purchasing departments to maintain purchasing views of materials, manufacturing departments to maintain MRP views, technical departments to maintain basic views, and sales departments to maintain sales views. These 2 methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Enterprises should weigh the data maintenance mode according to their type, scale, basic data, management level, executive power and departmental functions.

4.1 data accuracy and data maintenance

Whether centralized or distributed, the objectives are clear. That is to say, the accuracy of maintenance data is high, data operation is smooth, and the accuracy of data is at least 99%. Secondly, the B and 1N needed to maintain data need less and meet the needs of the business. To prevent the occurrence of the need to create procurement applications, purchase orders, sales orders, but found that the phenomenon of data at the end of maintenance.

The advantages and disadvantages of 4.22 data management methods

2 types of data management have their own advantages. enterprise Choose the actual situation. If the basic data of an enterprise is poorer, the centralized mode of centralization should be used in order to achieve better management. Data standards should be strictly enforced, and proofreading mechanisms are needed. We can adopt uniform data transfer format, order of circulation, quality of circulation and time requirements, and use OA office system and other process management platform to control the transfer of business data, and adopt performance appraisal methods to ensure the quality of data maintenance. Relatively speaking, the distributed management mode is more demanding, because the authority of data maintenance has been delegated to every business department. There is only one guide to the original data entry of the system. Now there will be five or six ports to be imported. If there is a single port that does not guide or maintain in time, it will affect the operation of the business. Centralized data management is relatively simple, as long as monitoring a hole to import data, can be judged immediately, but centralized data management requires a professional maintenance team to fill in and import data. Therefore, the establishment and maintenance of this team is very critical for enterprises that use Chinese data management.

4.3 group data management

The management and control mode of a group company is a complex system. There are common functions such as linear function system, business unit system, matrix system, subsidiary system, and multi center network mode. No matter what form, the relative unification of data is necessary for the ERP system. Otherwise, the integration of personnel, finance, sales and purchasing will not be mentioned. When the system has just started, it will focus on the data management personnel of every enterprise, and set up a staff who is familiar with all the business data. It is responsible for compiling the coding standard of the whole group, making the process and coordinating the data integration work of the enterprise data maintenance team.

5 data maintenance after online

When ERP is online, the key to ensure that business data is reliable is the accuracy of data. This is a long-term task. In the early days, the problem of data inaccuracy is often encountered, and this is not the fault of the enterprise or the fault of the software. This is an inevitable process of adjustment and running in. Therefore, in the early stage of ERP system operation, it is necessary to establish a system for daily auditing of system data key points, and how to maintain the normal operation of data depends on three magic weapons: data coding system, data maintenance process and maintenance execution. Coding system relies on unified norms, execution relies on management, and the data maintenance process of enterprises depends on timely maintenance.

The establishment of enterprise data model based on integrated framework requires data management workflow to be carried out, and it can be implemented through information platform. A set of data maintenance teams that can guide future data management work is established, which is rich in experience and system, and can meet the needs of coding expansion. It is necessary to distinguish the respective responsibility of the group and the enterprise, the mode and scope of maintenance among various departments in the enterprise, establish coding software, encode and check through software, so that the coding is unique and meets the requirements of standardization.

6 implementation of data interface

In the discrete enterprise, in the implementation of ERP, other application systems have been run, or there are systems that need to be gradually launched. There are PDM, CAPP, CRM, invoicing and so on. The common way of data transmission is CAD-PDM-CAPP-ERP, that is, in the process of data top-down transfer, upstream provides data for downstream. Step by step transmission. Ensure data consistency. Finally, we will guide people to the database of ERP. The data transmission in each system is realized mainly through data interface, that is to say, the data format and control of the two sides of the software should be agreed to achieve one-way flow of data. Such a system can solve the problem of data consistency, but the timely updating of data can not be completely synchronized. Therefore, we need to control data synchronization from three aspects: system, management and function.

6.1 system control

It requires that the data within each application system can be coordinated and automatically trigger the updating of relevant data and activate related application systems. At the same time, there is an automatic error correction mechanism in data transfer, which can avoid data entry errors or synchronization inconsistency.

6.2 management control

In the application of data flow, workflow is used to ensure standardization, standardization and rationalization of data flow. We must strictly control data management and execute it according to established standards to achieve the goal of data integration.

6.3 functional integration

That is, an application function can call another application function to realize the information system based on data and business. There is little difference between cost performance and function. It is possible to use one system management as far as possible to manage with one system, so that data can be reduced. The more data is connected to 1:2, the more difficult the data consistency and synchronization level will be to meet the management requirements, and the complexity of the system will also increase.

7 concluding remarks

Through the systematic planning and implementation of ERP material coding, a complete set of enterprise data management system can be established to provide strong support for the operation of the business. Relying on the network platform of computer technology, the data resources of enterprises are integrated and systematized, and centralized management of data is realized, and the management level of enterprises has reached a new stage.