Different Characteristics Of Buddhist Costume Culture

Buddhist

Culture, like Buddhism, has been indissoluble with Chinese traditional culture, folk culture and customs after it was introduced into China.

Moreover, due to the long time, the vast territory, the large number of nationalities, and the different customs and customs, the differences of geographical climate make Buddhist costume form different culture of clothing in different regions and nationalities.

Therefore, the clothing of Buddhist monks reflects the traditional culture of Buddhist costumes from different angles, such as color, type, or form.

It is also a valuable material for studying ancient Chinese culture.

Historical origins of Buddhist monks and garments

From the historical origins of Buddhist monks' costume, Buddhist monks' clothing is limited to three garments according to the Buddhist system.

According to the Buddhist scriptures, the monks initially wore only a "dung coat", that is, the old clothes that were picked up from the rubbish heap or the grave.

This is to show that one can cherish happiness, and the two drive away their love and love, which is beneficial to the growth of Tao.

It's tropical in India, and only one piece of clothing is allowed.

In Buddhism, it is called the "Robe", that is, the bad color clothes, meaning that it can not be used to make clothes with green, yellow, red, white and blue.

Some of them are called "Bai Na Yi" because they are made of many small pieces of cloth.

Later the monks gradually increased, and the Buddhist system allowed monks to receive support from their families, including clothing.

It also stipulates that there are "three garments" in Buddhist costume.

That is to say, "the" Five "clothing" is commonly known as "an organization".

"Yu duo Luo Seng" is commonly known as "seven clothes" for wearing in public or listening to lectures.

"Sangali" is commonly known as "ancestral clothes".

It is the earliest Buddhist monastic costume that formally stipulates different from common secular clothing.

After the introduction of Buddhism into China, customs and habits vary greatly because of the cold climate in India.

Therefore, the costume of Buddhist monks has also greatly changed, and the number and type of Buddhist monks have also increased.

In the early Han Dynasty, the monks in China were made up of their teachers, surnamed their surnames, and still wore the clothes of the vulgar family, not the India Buddhist monks.

Later, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a master of Dao an developed the "Sangha norm", which stipulates that all the family members take Sakyamuni as their surname, and require Buddhist monks to do so when they are in Buddhist activities, lectures and so on.

In addition, after the plation rules such as "Tan Wu De" in the northern and Southern Dynasties, monks according to the "precepts" as teachers, all took discipline as the criterion.

As a result, the monks in China not only have "three clothes", but also the clothes worn by ordinary people in the Han Dynasty.

The monks usually wear their coats and Hai Qing.

People who are different from ordinary laymen are just different colors. The common people can use the right color while the monks can only use bad colors.

Therefore, the monk costume is called "Yi Yi".

The proverb is called "plain clothes", which becomes a contrast between monks and laymen.

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After the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the general belief of Buddhism in the upper classes and the masses of the people in China,

The color of monks' clothing is more secular.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Buddhist monks' clothes were not bad. The main reason was that the imperial court had bestowed many famous monks, such as purple, Yi and so on, since the Tang and Song dynasties.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the clothes of monks changed to yellow.

For example, Ouyang, a scholar of Yuan Dynasty, said: "the original part of the monk is the black coat Lang, and the contemporary deep benevolence first gives the yellow."

These mainly advocated Lamaism in the Yuan Dynasty and the prevalence of Tantric Buddhism, so the monks' clothes tended to be yellow.

In the Ming Dynasty, the stipulation of the monks' clothing color was also stipulated. "The Ministry of Rites" is in the cloud: "Hongwu fourteen years, so that all monks and Taoist dresses are dressed, Zen monks are often dressed in brown tea, green strips and jade katras.

The monks are often dressed in jade, green stripes and light colored robes.

The monks are often dressed in soap, black stripes and light red scarf.

It can be seen that the clothes of monks in Ming Dynasty can be divided into three differences: Zen, speaking and teaching.

In modern times, it has changed even more.

As for the monks' underwear nowadays, there is no difference between the underwear and the layman.

The outer robes retained the form of the Han Dynasty, and the Chinese gowns and gowns were changed from long gowns to the convenience of work.

Only the scarf is the symbol of Buddhism.

But now the Buddhist monk's robe is not an inherent form of India's Buddha era, but rather Chinese.

After the introduction of Buddhism into Korea and Japan, great changes have taken place.

The Japanese Buddhist monks wore only one cloth belt on their shoulders, while South Korea was somewhat like the Chinese Buddhist monk's robe, only half the length of the upper half of the body, unlike the Chinese Buddhist monks' robe.

Only Tibetan Buddhist and Buddhist Buddhist monks have kept primitive Buddhist forms.

It can be seen that the costume of Buddhist monks is also changing with the different national boundaries and nationalities, forming Buddhist costume culture with different characteristics.

Categories of Buddhist monks

If we look at the categories of Buddhist monks and suits, they can be divided into two categories: sac and monk.

There are differences between "five clothes", "seven garments" and "overcoats".

The monks are divided into "Hai Qing", "gown", "Chinese gown" and "small gown".

In addition, "monk shoes", "monk socks" and "monk hat" are also the clothing culture of Buddhism.

The "five garments", the Sanskrit, is called the "the five", which is called "five garments". It is called the "five clothes".

The "seven coat" Sanskrit is called the Yu duo Luo monk. It is made of seven cloth two long and one short. It is called "seven clothes" for the monks to recite and listen to.

"Coat" is commonly known as "ancestral clothes", which is worn by Abbot monks or preaching doctrine.

Sanskrit is called "monk", the highest in the three coat, so called "coat".

There are nine items of upper, middle and lower products. The overcoat is made by sewing eleven or thirteen pieces of two long and one short.

A coat made of fifteen, seventeen or nineteen pieces of three long and short stitch is a medium quality product.

A coat made of twenty-one, twenty-three or twenty-five pieces of four long and short sewing is top quality.

Three in the color of the coat, except for the coat red, the other seven and five clothes are mainly black or tea colored.

Because of the crisscrossing of many small pieces of cloth, the "Kam" is used as a "Tian" shape. It is like the furrow of the fields. It means the monks are the Futian of all sentient beings, so the robe is also called "Futian clothing".

In addition to the three garments, there are two clothes of "Sangha" and "joru Luo", commonly known as five garments.

"Sangha" is plated to cover up the armpit and cover the shoulder clothing.

It is a rectangular piece of clothing. It covers the shoulders on the right shoulder and covers the chest. The length is from the left shoulder to the waist.

"Syncope" is plated into lacquer and skirt, and is made of rectangular cloth stitching both ends.

These two kinds of clothes are often seen in lamas.

In addition to the above five Buddhist monks to wear, there is also a kind of "unadorned clothes", made of a piece of cloth, no matter how many pieces, for Buddhism in the family believers after five commandments to wear.

This kind of clothes can not be worn very often. They can only be worn in practice or in Buddhist temples.

So we call it "ritual cloak".

In addition to the above three clothes, the monks usually wear clothes called monks.

This monk suit is not the original Buddhism, but when the early introduction of Buddhism, the laity costume of the Han Dynasty was preserved and used by Buddhism and became a special costume for monks today.

If the "short gown" is the monk's underwear, the "Chinese gown" is also called the Rohan gown. It is long enough to wear under the knee for labor.

"Long gown", also known as a long gown, is a monk's uniform. It maintains the characteristics of Hanfu and Tang costume.

The short gown and Chinese gown are changed by the master of Tai Fu on the basis of their long gown, so they are called "Tai Xu Zhuang".

Between the Kare and the regular costume, there is also a Tang costume with large sleeves and round sleeves, commonly known as "gowns". Buddhism is called "Hai Qing".

Because Jiangsu's Wuzhong area called the "sleeve shirt" called "Hai Qing", and the broad sleeves of the robe wore its name as "Hai Qing".

Hai Qing's abbot is yellow and the public is black, but today's monks have different colors.

In short, ordinary monks can not use too bright colors, no special rules.

In addition, the monk has a monk hat with a dark grey shape and a flat top crown.

In winter, the wind helmet with ear protectors can be worn, commonly known as "Guanyin pocket".

The ancient monks also had various types, such as the Yuanbao hat, the Lu Lu hat, the Bao Gong hat and the heavenly crown cap.

India is located in the tropics. Monks are usually barefoot and do not wear shoes and socks. Chinese customs are different. The monks wear shoes and socks, but these are shoes and socks worn by ancient people. Buddhism has been used as shoes and socks for monks.

Therefore, it can be said that the monks' clothing is to maintain the clothing culture of ancient China. Nowadays, with the gradual westernization of culture, the traditional costume culture of the ancient times is obviously more distinctive and meaningful.

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The role of Buddhist monks and garments

Finally, from the role of monks and costumes, monks are "Buddhist monks", one of the three treasures of Buddhism. They are called "Futian monks".

It means to cultivate Fukuda for all sentient beings.

So the clothes they wear are called "Fukuda I".

From this name, we can see that the main function of monks is to express identity.

Just as a soldier's uniform represents the status of a soldier, it plays an important role.

Therefore, the Buddhist scriptures have the following ten theories: "the five kinds of Buddhist seals" and "the advantages of"

Shakya Muni's Bodhisattva is a great Bodhisattva. When he made a wish to become a Buddha before the treasure Buddha, he could achieve five kinds of merit.

(1) although the Buddha disciples commit various evils, if they can truly respect the robe, they will reach three.

(2) if you can respect the robe, you can not turn back on the three way.

(3) if there are ghosts, people and non human beings who are hungry and thirsty, they will be able to get enough food if they have small pieces and four points.

(4) if all sentient beings conflict with each other and think of the power of the charms, they can generate compassion.

(5) if you have a small piece of robe, respect and respect, you will win more often than others.

According to Mahayana's "mind and mind" Scripture, there are ten kinds of interests in putting on the robe.

(1) shame and shame.

(2) from cold and heat, mosquitoes and evil animals.

(3) to show the shape of the sand gate, to see the joyful and the evil mind.

(4) it is the building of man Tianbao and the blessing of Brahman.

(5) the pagoda wants to exterminate all kinds of opinions.

(6) there is no desire to love, to break away from five desires.

(7) the scarf is a pure garment of Buddha, and a good farmland is always broken.

(8) eliminating crime and producing ten good.

(9) like the fertile fields, the budding of Bodhi can be increased.

(10) like armor.

Poisoned arrows of annoyance cannot be inflicted.

"Hongming Ji" said: "Sha men wearing a Buddhist monk's clothing is not only a cold spell for monks, but also a greater function is to prevent evil. Meditation is the main tool for protecting the body."

Because of the merit of "Five Virtues" and "Ten Benefits", the Buddhas of all the three Buddhas are also a fixed sign of monks.

The monk called "shaving", that is, "shaving" is shaving the hair, indicating the wisdom of breaking trouble.

And "drape" is to wear a kasu and become a Buddhist monk.

So when the family members put on their clothes, they said, "good and easy to get rid of clothes, no matter what they are. They are always worn by Kind."

It illustrates the importance and far-reaching significance of monks' costumes to monks.

Monk's suit seems to be only a sign of monks in common sense today.

If from

Theoretically, there are more profound cultural and philosophical theories.

Therefore, Buddhist monk culture has become an important part of human culture, providing valuable information for the study of ancient costume culture.