Chinese National Costume Culture -- Wa Nationality'S Clothing Culture

1. The general situation of Nationalities

There are more than 35.1 people in the Wa nationality.

Cangyuan, Ximeng, Gengma, Shuang Jiang, Zhenkang, Yongde, Lancang, and even two provinces, including Ximeng and Cangyuan, have more than 180 thousand people, some scattered in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture.

The legend of "Si Gang Li" is widely circulated in the Wa nationality area.

The explanation in Ximeng area is "Shi Gang" is a stone cave. "Li" is out, meaning that human beings came out of the cave early.

Legend has it that the first people to come out of the cave are Wa people.

The cave is located in the middle part of the AWWA mountain, near the mountain near the Ximeng County town about more than 60 miles away.

So far, WA people in Ximeng and other places regard the cave as "holy land".

The Wa people in Cangyuan explained "Si Gang" was "gourd" and "Li" came out, meaning that human beings came out of the gourd.

The Wa people used to believe in the primitive religions of all things, and regarded wooden drums as spiritual objects. They thought that wooden drums could be used to promote gods, exorcise evil spirits and bring luck.

The Wa nationality has its own language. It belongs to the wa language branch of the mon Khmer language family of the austral language family. It used to use woodcuts and physical records for a long time.

The Wa people are mainly engaged in agriculture, like drinking and chewing areca.

Chewing areca makes many people dye black teeth and red lips, which is beautiful.

Two, characteristic culture

In the past, the religious rituals of the Wa people in the past year began with the sacrifice of water, aiming to ensure that people have water to eat and use the wind and rain for the coming year.

When the water was given to the village, the whole village took part in the prayers. The priest prayed for the new water and took the first tube of water. Then he used the first tube of fresh water to cook rice at the nest house, which was responsible for the management of water.

Some families also hold sacrifices separately in order to pray for their own water.

In addition to offering sacrifices to water, the ancient village fire ceremonies are held annually in villages.

In the Nuo Liang area of Cangyuan County, when the fire is taken out and the new fire is fired, the earth cannon is celebrated, and then the lighted torch is used to lift the fire at home.

In addition, sowing, hunting and so on are required to burn and cut sacrifices.

Before liberation, the most important religious activities of the Wa nationality were "La Mu drum", "chopping ox tail" and "hunting head sacrifice Valley".

The Wa nationality's beekeeping is relatively common, but the method of keeping bees is very special. First use a hollow log and seal them at the ends, leaving a few small holes for wild bees to enter and place under the forest or eaves, so that they can breed and make honey, cut 2 or 3 times a year, and eat them with honeybee pupae.

In addition, WA people generally enjoy drinking and drinking bitter tea.

All the wines consumed are made by ourselves.

Regular drinking liquor is not only harmless to the body, but also healthy.

In recent decades, the Wa people began to drink white wine.

Wa people prefer bitter tea, and some bitter tea is very strong, almost become a tea paste.

Bitter tea tastes bitter, but it feels cool after drinking.

The Wa Nationality in the hot climate area has magical thirst quenching effect.

Chewing areca is a popular hobby of women and young people in the Wa nationality. Usually they rest or chat at work and chew a piece of areca in their mouths.

Chewing areca is a substitute made from oak leaves and lime. It is said that chewing areca has a strong tooth function.

Wa people can sing and dance well.

The common dances are "circle dance" and "Chong dance".

"Circle dance" does not mean men, women and children. The dancers hand in hand, sing and dance, and the atmosphere is very warm.

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Three.

focusing

(1) the characteristics of Wa nationality's clothing

The Wa nationality is not the same because of their different living areas.

The Wa nationality, which is mixed with the Han nationality or deeply influenced by the Han nationality, is not much different from the Han people in the country. The Wa nationality, which is mixed up with Dai people or influenced by Dai people, is close to the Dai nationality.

The Wa nationality's costumes in Ximeng area retain the characteristics of the original clothes of the Wa people. Men wear black cloth or red cloth around their heads, wear no collar short clothes, trousers are short and wide, wear silver bracelets, wear black and Hong Xiansui, and young men wear bamboo and rattan circles.

Women wear red, basket or black striped blouse and striped skirts. They wear silver (or disdain) hoops, earrings, tremella tubes or large round earrings, neck decorated with one to several necklaces and necklaces, and one to several silver bracelets on the wrist, silver rings, and some rattan circles in the calf and waist.

Men and women are all feet.

When it is cold, men and women wear sheets or cotton blankets, and when they sleep, they are surrounded by fire.

When it is hot, men and women wear very simple clothes.

In the past, WA men liked tattoos, most of which were tattooed on their thorns, wrists on their wrists, and prickly on their legs, reflecting the Wa's worship of nature.

Wa men often wear flowers and hang bags and wear long knives or guns. They can defend themselves and hunt and produce tools.

Cotton cloth and linen cloth used by Wa people can spin and weave themselves.

Men's clothing

There are regional differences in Wa costumes. Men in Ximeng usually wear black and blue collars with no collar, and they have black or blue crotch trousers.

With black, green, white and red cloth heads, they like to wear silver bracelets, wear bamboo decorations, and shoulder long knives and bags.

Women wear multi headed, V collar tight sleeved short sleeves, wear a red, black striped skirt, hair, wearing silver, bamboo, rattan ornaments, like bamboo or rattan made of decorative ornaments in the neck, waist, arms and legs and so on.

Men and women, old and young, like to wear Wa nationality bag with national characteristics. Young men and women are also used as keepsake of love.

Most of the clothing materials are made of homemade cotton, linen cloth, dyed red, yellow, blue, black, brown and so on, with various color lines and various kinds of beautiful patterns.

Wa women are engaged in home textiles.

Because of low productivity, family textiles can not meet their needs.

For a long time, the Wa nationality's lack of clothes and wear is a common phenomenon. Some women only wear a sackcloth skirt, and some men only have a fig leaf.

They wore clothes more widely than they were after liberation.

All men and women are barefoot and do not wear.

Son, he can't make shoes.

Men's hair cut, head wrapped around Baotou.

Baotou towels are black, white and red.

Men wear short clothes, short and thick trousers, and still black.

Young men usually wear collar with bamboo rattan, and a few wealthy people wear silver collar and silver bracelet.

Some men also wear ear tattoos.

Women's clothing

Women's clothing differs from village to village.

Women in Yuesong Dynasty wore their upper bodies and their skirts were long and large.

Ma San is wearing a collars without a collar, skirts are slightly shorter, and binding cloth is attached to her legs.

The Manchu, Weng GACO and other walled villages are influenced by the Lahu people. The jacket is similar to the Lahu family and the skirt is the same as Yue Song.

In the middle class, Yong Guang and other villages, the coat is similar to Lahu and Han nationality, with skirt and Ma Santong.

Women wear long hair, do not comb their braids, their hair shawls on both sides of the cheeks and shoulders, and use the hoop from the forehead to the back of the head to keep their hair in place. This ensures that the hair does not scatter in front of the line of sight, but also looks beautiful and easy to use.

The hoop is the most distinctive headwear of Wa women. Only the Wa nationality is used in all ethnic groups in China, and it is the most concise symbol to identify the Wa nationality.

It is half moon shaped, wide in the middle, narrow in two ends, about more than 30 centimeters long, and 10 cm wide in the middle. It is made of aluminum and silver, and also made of bamboo rattan.

A silver ring (the largest diameter is about six or seven points), a silver collar and a string of beads (some shells are also covered with shells).

There are several bamboo rings, some bamboo rings or rattan circles between the legs and thighs, with silver ornaments on the arms and arms and rings on the fingers.

Such a dress is too heavy and inconvenient, but the Wa people think it is beautiful.

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The clothing of the Wa people may have some historical origins with some ethnic groups in Southeast Asia.

For example, during the southern and Northern Dynasties, there was such a record of the people in Southeast Asia: "Lin Yi...

The common place is the cave, the name is dry LAN.

Both men and women are surrounded by the banners of the ancient banner, which means they are all dry and diffuse.

From Lin Yi, south of Fu Nan, all countries are also.

Funan to Tang Zhen LA has developed to today's Kampuchea.

The residents of Kampuchea are mainly monk Khmer people.

Wa language belongs to the mon Khmer language family of the southern language family.

Therefore, the similarities between the Wa nationality and other ethnic groups in Southeast Asia (such as khmer) can also explain the relationship between the Wa nationality and their ethnic origin.

Wa people have homemade cloth sheets and cotton blankets bought by foreign nationalities. They are put to sleep when they sleep.

The coat of Wa women is very simple in structure, cutting and making.

The clothes are folded in one piece of cloth, cut out a hole in the middle, slightly enucleated around the left and right arms, and two to join them.

Wa women's jackets are short, tight, with a "V" shape, sleeveless, two and front knits stitched together, and a short dress with colorful knitted fabrics, which is quite modern.

(two) the cultural implication of Wa nationality's costume.

1, the common characteristics of the Wa nationality's clothing.

The people of the Wa people worked hard and worked hard.

They know how to make a mountain.

The ancient costumes of the Wa ethnic group are men wrapped in green red cloth, wearing short clothes, short and thick trousers, and still black.

On the neck is a silver bamboo collar with silver (copper) bracelet, a silver ring on the ear, a seashell on the waist, a collar or bead string around the neck.

The Wa nationality also has tattoo custom. It often stabs the sun, moon, lizard and cow head in the chest, shoulders, arms and back.

The origins of these costumes are long and lasting.

The reason is that in addition to their own preservation of the ancestral "ah WA" national history, it is through their gods and religions that they preserve the common sense of the nation -- the traditional national spirit.

For example, the sun, the moon and the lizard are all totem worshipped in their mythology and religion. They are the material manifestation of the great life of the great God.

Gong Mingshan's worship is a special religious ceremony of the Wa people.

It is said that the people of this branch worship the mount LIMM. First, they believe that the AWA mountain, the highest peak in Mount LIMM, is the last land for the Wa people to survive. This is their introspection on the experiences of several failures in history. The two is to reflect their strong desire to rebuild themselves and rebuild their homeland.

2. the wa language "Oman" is the general name of all kinds of officials.

Besides the general costume, the Wa nationality also has Oman's clothing.

Oman, some of his branches are called Liman, some of them are called SimMan.

There are basically three kinds of Oman in the Wa Nationality: one is geiyong, that is, the head of the stockaded village, the two is the glee Russia, the tribal chieftain; the three is the king, the king of the state. Strangely, no historical records have been written of the Wa nationality.

The heads of the Wa ethnic group, whether they are chieftain of the stockaded village, or the tribal chieftain glee Russia and Ximeng called Wo Lang, all retain the custom of their ancestors' "red envelopes of honourable people".

On the other hand, the heads of glee (Wo Lang) at this level also adorned the sun, moon, stars, Shuanglong and Tauren.

The picture of Shuanglong contains red sun should be embroidered.

Up.

And it can only be worn by the head himself, and can not be pferred to others.

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Wa people believe that the sun is the source of life and the adsorbent of rainwater.

Therefore, it can make life and become the God of Reed. The moon is the buildup of stars and the earth, so it is called Lu an Shen.

"Lu an" means accumulation. The moon also has the spirit of meyg. So it is also one of the great gods of the Wa people.

The stars symbolize the multiplication and the multitudinous. They are the children who are too much with the moon. The Wa people hope their children and grandchildren will be as numerous as stars.

The bull's head symbolizes modesty and goodness.

Cattle are the good friends of the Wa People's grandmother, Gui Gui, and the cattle are the most joyful offerings of the great God.

As for underwear, there are two dragon diagrams. Their meanings vary from place to place. Some say that dragons are mothers of human beings (WA people). Therefore, the motto of "heavenly Father and dragon mother" spreads among the Wa people.

Another legend says that the Dragon Princess Ann ARI is the great God of rain. She is a loving couple with the tree god sanlo.

So the Dragon Princess has brought precious rain to the earth, the mountain forest and the human being all the year old. The Wa people are the most grateful people. Such a great benefactor, they naturally want to thank her.

The annual water Festival is to repay the kindness of Dragon Princess Rong.

This is an explanation of the dragon's head decorated with his own underwear.

Why are they embroidered on their underwear? They replied, "that's what our ancestors did."

In addition, the head of Wa Na Mu had to adorn two doors on his clothes.

It is said that their ancestors were responsible for guarding the gates.

And they also call themselves the roots of all Wa people. So called "awun Mu" is the total root of the AWWA people.

They say that since mankind came out of the post, they have preserved the mountain of AWWA from generation to generation.

Now the people in Yuesong and Yancheng are descendants of Wa Na mu.