Dialysis Of Release Shoes: Why Can The PLA Be Equipped For Half A Century

Jiefang shoes, a famous name, as long as it is Chinese, more or less have heard of it. This pair of shoes with the same name as the PLA has existed for nearly half a century. Such a long-lived old person, or can't help but say. ? ???? Speaking of Jiefang shoes, of course, we should talk about the PLA and its predecessors, the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and the Red Army. ???? History of release shoes ???? August 1 Nanchang Uprising, the Red Army announced the establishment of the army. After the Guangzhou Uprising and Autumn Harvest Uprising, the Red Army gradually formed a prairie fire. At that time, the uprising troops were the uniform clothing of the national army. Except for the red scarf on the neck and the red armband on the arm, their military uniform was no different from that of the national army. ???? At that time, the top of the national army was a Zhongshan suit, with a cap on the head, and trousers in the style of trousers. The soldiers wore leggings. As for military shoes, the national army did not make compulsory requirements. On formal occasions, officers usually wear leather shoes, and a few wear long boots. Soldiers generally wear soft soled rubber shoes or cloth shoes made of black cloth. However, in actual combat, most of the soldiers of the National Army wear cloth shoes and straw sandals, and the number of cloth soft soled rubber shoes is very small. Therefore, in the early days of the founding of the Red Army, the army shoes of the Red Army soldiers were mainly cloth shoes and straw shoes. ???? During the period of worker peasant armed separatism in Jinggangshan, with the improvement of the Red Army economy, the Red Army uniform, which was different from the national army uniform, was formally established. The new uniform includes a red collar badge, a large octagonal cap and a five-star cap emblem. Although the pattern was set, due to the small area of the Soviet area controlled by the Red Army at that time and the poor economic conditions, it was impossible to make a large number of military uniforms. A considerable number of Red Army soldiers still wore various kinds of clothes. According to Su Yu's recollection, at that time, the Red Army only issued two pieces of white cloth, which were cut by soldiers themselves into coats and trousers, and then dyed black or gray with pot ash (because the white clothes were too obvious, they were easy to be targeted by the enemy). The officers of the Red Army couldn't even care about their clothes, so they couldn't care about their shoes. At that time, the soldiers were faced with arduous combat and training at any time. They could wear whatever shoes they could find, and even barefoot ones. ???? During the period of warlords in the Republic of China, the red army continued to launch large-scale scuffles, and the Red Army took this opportunity to develop rapidly. With repeated military victories, the Red Army soon established a vast area of the Central Soviet Area in southern Jiangxi, with a population of several million, and the economy of the Soviet Area improved considerably. In November 1931, the Soviet Republic of China was founded. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Red Army once again unified the pattern of military uniform. On the basis of the original military uniform style, the Red Army uniform designers improved it to a certain extent to make it more suitable for combat, and replaced the military cap with a small octagonal cap. ???? Different from before, the red army began to unify the uniform pattern in the Soviet areas at this time, and provided uniform supply for soldiers. At that time, the economy of the Central Soviet area was the best. When Red Army recruits entered the army, they could get a set of military uniform, one or two pairs of leggings, a quilt, two pairs of shoes, as well as bullet bags, dry food bags, backpacks and other things. The two pairs of shoes issued by the Red Army were mainly cloth shoes, while those in poor conditions were given straw sandals. Since the Red Army is all infantry, and its marching and fighting all rely on a pair of feet, and most of the combat areas are mountainous and jungle areas, the Red Army attaches great importance to shoes. ???? At that time, the number of leather shoes and rubber shoes equipped by the Red Army was very small. Leather shoes are few to nothing, because the red army marches frequently. It's a small idea to walk 50 Li mountain roads a day. The leather shoes that are not convenient for marching are mostly worn by a small number of officers. Rubber shoes are different. They are basically used by soldiers. Rubber shoes are as light as cloth shoes, which are conducive to mountain climbing and long-distance March. At the same time, the soles of rubber shoes are much stronger than the cloth soles of leather shoes and are not easy to be worn out. A pair of rubber shoes are simply priceless in the eyes of ordinary Red Army soldiers. However, the number of rubber shoes was less than that of leather shoes, which was mainly due to the fact that China's rubber industry had just started and concentrated in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong and other places. These areas were controlled by local warlords, and it was very difficult for the National Central Government to produce large quantities of their own. Therefore, even the national army itself is only equipped with very few rubber shoes and leather shoes. Naturally, the Red Army in remote areas is needless to say. ???? With the failure of the five encirclement and suppression campaigns, the red army began its long march. The Red Army in the long march walked through the whole southern and western part of China, walking tens of thousands of kilometers, crossing dozens of rivers and climbing countless mountains. Because of the Long March every day, shoes became the most important thing. Leather shoes are not suitable for long-distance walking in complex terrain. Rubber shoes, cloth shoes and straw sandals are mostly used by Red Army soldiers. The number of rubber shoes is too small and only used by a very small number of soldiers. They have no weight in the Red Army. The number of cloth shoes is quite large, and they are comfortable to wear. The shoes are light and suitable for long-distance March. At that time, the Red Army soldiers generally had a pair of cloth shoes, either from relatives at home or from the elder sister-in-law. But cloth shoes are not durable. The thin cloth soles can be worn out in a week when they march on hard mountain terrain. So many Red Army soldiers put cloth shoes in their backpacks and only wear them when they can't walk. ? ???? Most of the Red Army soldiers still wear straw sandals, which are easy to wear and have little protection for their feet, but they are easy to knit. As the raw materials of straw sandals are everywhere and easy to weave, each soldier of the Red Army usually carries two or three pairs of straw sandals and changes them frequently. Once a pair is broken, make a new one. For the Red Army, shoes are quite important. Because you can make bayonets without bullets, and you can support starvation for a few days without food, but if you don't have shoes, you will fall behind immediately. In the difficult long march, if you want to live, you must always march with the team. The concepts of falling behind and death are the same. ???? A pair of broken straw sandals is a symbol of the arduous struggle of the Red Army soldiers during the revolutionary period. However, it is not strong indeed! ???? Straw sandals are very practical, but they also have serious disadvantages. Shoes are usually new and good, but straw sandals are not. The new straw sandals are easy to hurt their feet because of the hard straw. After a long march, many soldiers' feet were covered with blood blisters and scars by new straw sandals. ???? After the outbreak of the Xi'an Incident, the Red Army officially incorporated into the national army, began to accept the official supply of the national army, and all military uniforms were unified. In the war of resistance against Japan, most of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army were in the rear of the enemy and their supplies were very difficult. ???? During the civil war, the PLA's uniform and shoes were not much improved compared with the Eighth Route Army period. After the Anti Japanese War, the PLA began to have some leather shoes and rubber soled shoes due to the fact that a lot of materials (especially a large number of Japanese style equipment transferred by the Soviet Union) were accepted by the Japanese army after the Anti Japanese War, and part of the National Army's American style equipment was seized in the battle. But compared with the 2.8 million regular army of the people's Liberation Army, the number of shoes is still far from enough. ???? Most PLA soldiers still wear cloth shoes provided by women's reinforcements in the liberated areas, and some PLA soldiers still wear straw sandals. ???? In the late stage of the civil war, with the three major battles going on, the national government army was gradually defeated and fell into a terrible situation of total collapse. At this time, the PLA's Quartermaster factories began to develop considerably. In addition to accepting a large number of Japanese munitions factories transferred by the Soviet Union in the northeast, the PLA also seized many military supply factories of the national army. The PLA began to produce a large number of uniform military uniforms and shoes, including a number of practical rubber soled shoes. ???? By the beginning of 1949, the PLA formally formulated the standard of military uniform, including the famous military cap with the Bayi military emblem. As a product of the liberation war, the cap was called Jiefang cap. Then the first batch of rubber soled shoes, also known as release shoes, the name of a DC spread to today. ???? At that time, Jiefang shoes were quite practical. Things should be compared in order to reflect the advantages. Jiefang shoes are much stronger than cloth shoes in all aspects. ???? After the founding of the people's Republic of China, because the Republic of China still controlled Taiwan and then Xikang Province, Tibet, China's coastal islands, tens of thousands of remnants of the national army occupied Myanmar, and there were a large number of national army guerrilla forces, bandit armed forces, secret agents, the central government naturally still put military first. ???? On January 4, 1950, the General Logistics Department of the PLA withdrew its 50 style uniform, which was the first set of uniform since the founding of the people's Liberation Army. Military uniform includes the complete set of clothes for soldiers and cadres of the armed forces, including shoes of course. Type 50 ordnance includes officers' shoes, soldiers' suede shoes, cloth shoes, release shoes, etc. As a result, Jiefang shoes officially entered the PLA standard equipment. At that time, the supply of 50 styles included: 6 pairs of shoes per person per year, 2 pairs of release shoes and 2 pairs of cotton shoes. ? ???? Use in Korean battlefield ???? In October, the Chinese Volunteer Army entered North Korea to fight, and the PLA subsequently equipped a large number of troops. In the following three years of fierce fighting, the PLA gradually became the main equipment of the volunteer army. ???? The full name of release shoes is called rubber soled cloth shoes. It is one of a variety of rubber shoes. Release shoes have rubber soles, canvas uppers, black soles, yellow uppers, and green uppers. Sometimes we call them yellow rubber shoes. ???? As rubber shoes and cloth shoes are relatively similar in all aspects, and the durability of rubber shoes is several steps higher, it is unnecessary to think about the rapid elimination of cloth shoes. ???? Why can China equip a large number of rubber shoes? It is mainly the development of China's domestic rubber industry. ???? In fact, as early as 1949, China's rubber industry had a preliminary development, with 2800 hectares of small rubber plantations of various types, 1.2 million rubber trees, and an annual output of about 199 tons of natural rubber. ???? Since rubber is an important strategic material, the central government has attached great importance to the development of this industry since the founding of the people's Republic of China. In 1951, the central government even set up the South China Reclamation Bureau, a special organization of China's natural rubber industry, headed by Marshal Ye Jianying. In 1952, more than 200000 PLA officers and soldiers went to Hainan and Guangxi to start the military reclamation of natural rubber. By the end of the 1950s, China's rubber industry had a considerable scale. In 1984, China produced 572 million pairs of rubber shoes, ranking first in the world. ???? The soldiers of the volunteer army wearing liberation shoes have severely damaged the American and South Korean troops in the Korean War. At that time, the U.S. military and the South Korean army were basically all American combat boots. Although these military boots are durable, cold resistant and very good for foot protection, they are bulky and not conducive to long-term walking. ???? This may not be a big deal for the US military, which was also equipped with a large number of M42 and M43 high waist combat boots during World War II. This is mainly due to the fact that the US military is highly mechanized and motorized (more than German and Soviet troops), equipped with a large number of automobiles and armored personnel carriers, and can also use European railway transportation lines. The United States alone provided 50000 jeeps, 35000 motorcycles, 8700 tractors and more than 370000 trucks to assist the Soviet Union in World War II. The U.S. military has its own vehicles, not to mention. American soldiers don't need to March as long as Chinese soldiers, so strong and durable military boots are quite practical, and their shortcomings are not obvious in actual combat. ???? In North Korea, the situation is different. North Korea has many mountains and plateaus. In addition, the weather is very cold and roads are damaged. It is not easy for us mechanized forces to exert their power. Most of the time, no matter whether the U.S. Army attacks or retreats, it needs to walk as long as the volunteers. Even the tanks are mostly used as self-propelled guns and stay in some areas for a long time to fire. ???? In this case, the release shoes of volunteer soldiers are superior to American military boots in many places. Because the release shoes are made of rubber and cloth, they are very light and far more suitable for long-distance March than heavy military boots. In addition, the rubber bottom is soft, and its toughness and elasticity are very strong. Its sole is thinner than that of military boots, and its ability to grasp the ground is naturally stronger when climbing mountains. In muddy conditions, release shoes are not easy to slip and wear relatively comfortable. ???& n