Problems And Causes Of Silkworm Cocoon Culture In Gaoqing County, Shandong

The county is located in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River, Shandong Province. It is rich in land, abundant in water resources, superior in agricultural production conditions, and has a long history of planting silkworms and sericulture.

The breeding silkworm culture in Tai Li Town of Gaoqing County has begun to take shape, and the breeding trend is good. In order to better grasp the operation trend, cost and income, and breeding prospects of the scale silkworm species, we have further promoted the adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure.

Judging from the survey, the purchasing price of silkworm species has risen steadily, the output value has increased significantly, and the farming returns have been remarkable. However, due to the global economic situation, the income of mulberry silkworm breeding is uncertain.

I. Basic Situation

There is a long history of planting mulberry and silkworm in Gaoqing County. The output of silkworm cocoon (fresh cocoon) is expected to reach 1200 tons this year, an increase of 9.1% compared with 2011.

In the county of Tang Fang, Hua Gou town and Chang Jia town, there are planting mulberry sericulture households. In recent two years, the county silk company has issued preferential measures to support the silkworm planting mulberry sericulture along the Yellow River, and at the same time, it has changed to scale and standardization in the way of farming.

At present, the planting area of the whole county is 12 thousand mu, an increase of 9.09% compared with 2011, compared with 7.69% in 2010. The reason is that in 2010, when our county used to prevent and control white flies in the United States, it took the aerial spraying of the aircraft, and the young silkworms ate a lot of mulberry leaves with pesticide.

With the planning and construction of the ten major green agricultural products standardization bases in our county, the planting area of our county will be further expanded.

The industry will flourish.

Through the investigation of the breeding silkworm breeding area in Tai Li Town, Tai Li Town, we found that in 2011, 200 acres of mulberry mulberry trees were planted in the spring, 280 yuan for the circulation of land per mu, 80 yuan for the county silk company, and 200 yuan for the farmers. The Silk Company provided mulberry seedlings and Sang Miao yuan 0.40 yuan / mu, 1500 mu per mu.

Because of planting mulberry for second years, one mu of mulberry leaves reared 0.75 silkworms, third years, one mu of mulberry leaves for 1 years, 1 young silkworms, and 40 thousand young silkworms, with an average yield of 200 kg of fresh cocoons per mu.

Silkworm cocoon culture is divided into spring silkworms, silkworms and autumn silkworms. Autumn silkworms are divided into mid autumn silkworms and late autumn silkworms.

Breed breed has white silkworm, silkworm, green pine, bright moon.

The growth period of silkworm cocoons is limited by air temperature. Spring silkworms begin to breed in spring every April 20th. The 26-27 day is a growth cycle, and summer begins at around May 20th. After mulberry grows new leaves, it begins to breed silkworms in June 25th. The 24-25 day is a growth cycle. Because of the short time interval between the silkworms and the silkworms, the growth and quality of the silkworms will not be affected by the bad disinfection.

Due to temperature, environment, purchasing price and other factors, some farmers choose to raise silkworms and autumn silkworms for two seasons. They also have the choice of breeding three season silkworms.

Two. Cocoon price trend

Cocoon is

Raw materials, whose final products are high-end consumer silk products, and high proportion of raw material products exported to developed countries such as Europe and the United States, their prices are greatly influenced by the international market.

According to the survey, the purchasing price of fresh cocoons (species of silkworms) fluctuated greatly in recent years.

The purchase price of fresh silkworm cocoons is 24.5 yuan / Jin this year.

In 2008, affected by the global financial crisis, the purchase price of fresh cocoons dropped to 12 yuan / Jin, and the purchase price in 2009 was 22 yuan / Jin. The purchase price in 2010 reached 27 yuan / Jin, and the purchase price in 2011 was 23 yuan / Jin. From the above data, we can see that the price of fresh cocoon purchase has been running at a high level since 09 years ago, and the income of planting mulberry and silkworm rearing households is considerable.

Three, cost and income situation

(1) increase of the total output value of mulberry silkworm cocoons

This year, we investigated the three seasons of breeding silkworms, silkworms and autumn silkworms in the two seasons of spring silkworm and autumn silkworm breeding. The planting area of mulberry leaves was far larger than that of the rearing silkworms, and the utilization rate of mulberry leaves was lower.

The output of fresh cocoons of spring silkworm is about 80.25 Jin. The purchasing price of spring cocoons this year is 24.5 yuan / Jin, and the average output value of spring cocoons is 1966.13 yuan / mu.

The yield of the fresh cocoon of the silkworm (non species silkworm) is 48 Jin, the purchase price is 18 yuan / Jin, and the output value of cocoon per mu is about 864 yuan.

The output of fresh cocoon of autumn silkworm is about 72.75 Jin. According to the purchase price of last year's autumn silkworm cocoon 23 yuan / Jin, the average output value of autumn cocoon is about 1673.25 yuan, and the total output value of Mu is 4485.38 yuan.

As a by-product, silkworm excrement is not sold outside, and is generally used as farmyard manure for its own cultivated land, so there is no output value of by-products.

(two) the total cost per mu is high.

The total cost per mu is 2775.95 yuan, of which the cost of production is 2575.95 yuan and the cost of land is 200 yuan.

1. The cost of production is 2575.95 yuan.

A: the cost of material and service per mu is 943.95 yuan.

(1) the direct cost is 495.75 yuan.

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(2) the indirect cost is 448.20 yuan.

Depreciation of fixed assets: agricultural materials, bamboo poles, squares, curtains and other materials are depreciated by 94.17 yuan in 5 years, and 202.92 yuan in 10 years.

The financial cost is 151.11 yuan.

B: the cost of labor is 1632 yuan.

The labor cost is 48 yuan / day, and the number of employees is 34 days.

Two, the cost of land is mainly 200 yuan per mu rent.

(three) net income per mu is considerable.

Mulberry silkworm cocoon culture yields net profit of 1709.43 yuan per mu.

In 2010, the purchase price of fresh cocoons in Gaoqing County reached 27 yuan / Jin. In the past two years, the purchasing price of fresh cocoons was stable at 23-25 yuan, fluctuating little, and still running at a high price, so the profits were considerable.

Four, problems and reasons

(1) large-scale aquaculture needs to be further expanded.

The large scale farms in Tai Li Town, Tai Li Town, now build 6 long 93 meters, 9.5 meters wide canopy, and 16 Zhang Youcan in each shed. The scale of breeding is more than 100.

The farm is now planting 200 mu of mulberry trees, raising a young silkworm in an average year of mulberry leaves, and raising 200 young silkworms in one season with 200 mu of mulberry leaves. This year, for example, three young silkworms were produced in the three quarter, and the yield of mulberry leaves was obviously higher than that of silkworm cocoon culture.

(two) the economic situation is unstable and price market risks still exist.

In 2008, affected by the global economic crisis, the purchase price of fresh cocoons dropped to 12 yuan / Jin, and the losses of sericultural farmers were heavy.

This year, the domestic economy will face structural pformation and adjustment, and the growth rate of GDP will slow down. Due to the influence of domestic and foreign environment, the price of cocoon silk is in a stalemate, and the price of silk will not go down, and the price of cocoon will not go down. So far, the price of cocoon silk is still favorable, but the risk still exists.

(three) infrastructure is weak and management is not scientific enough.

This summer, rainstorms are frequent. Due to the unreasonable drainage facilities in the farms, the output of cocoons is greatly reduced and the profits are reduced.

Five, several suggestions

(1) the state should continue to do a good job in supporting work and introduce corresponding preferential policies.

Such as: the county silk company has formulated the minimum purchase price of fresh cocoons (ordinary varieties) this year, 18 yuan / jin (the cocoon purchasing price is higher than the common variety 4 yuan / Jin), and signed 6 years contract with the feeders, and sold to its designated silkworm breeding company, effectively protecting the interests of the silkworm farmers.

(two) strengthening technical guidance and vigorously implementing scientific management and scientific breeding.

Make the silkworm cocoon farm truly scale and standardization, and strive to promote the rapid and healthy development of silkworm cocoon culture.

(three) when mulberry leaves can not be used rationally, it is suggested that some of the mulberry fields should be opened for picking, for sightseeing agriculture, and for thinning the cost to achieve the rational utilization of resources.

(four) seize the opportunity to make it bigger and stronger and enhance its ability to resist external risks.

In 2008, the provincial Party committee and the provincial government issued the "opinions on supporting the rapid and healthy development of the efficient ecological economic zone in the the Yellow River Delta" (lufa [2008] 13). Gaoqing County, as the only county in Zibo municipality, has been included in the the Yellow River delta efficient ecological economic zone. The county Party committee and the county government firmly seized this historic opportunity to plan and build ten standardized bases for green agricultural products, and carry out brand building in silkworm cocoons, beef cattle, edible fungi, meat ducks, green milk sources, and 10000 mu aquaculture base, so as to promote the integration and development of urban agriculture and tourism.

We must seize this favorable opportunity, expand and develop, and strive to build up our own brand.