Transformation And Upgrading Of Enterprises Is The Task Of The Entire Industrial Chain.

A year ago, reporters in the "ordinary peasant workers" status, in

Job seekers successfully entered a garment factory and a toy factory. They shared the same living with their workers for a week, and glimpse their survival, confusion and confused future.

At that time, the report of Dongguan working week aroused the attention of secretary Wang Yang.

He said: "this report gives us an inspiration, in the face of the new generation of migrant workers, management needs to be changed.

The most fundamental way is pformation and upgrading, reducing employment and improving the added value of products.

Not by sweat, but by technology and knowledge.

If we rely on the labor force, the management will be more and more difficult. There will be more and more social contradictions, and less money will be made.

Make up your mind to pform and upgrade. "

Over the past year, there have been many stories and rumors about the pformation and upgrading of Dongguan, and even become a hot spot of global concern.

What is the real situation of the ordinary factories in Dongguan? What changes have taken place? In order to understand the real pformation and upgrading of Dongguan, the reporter once again entered the shoe factory with the status of "ordinary peasant workers" again, and once again worked with the workers to experience the changes and invariance of the Dongguan factory in the past year, and strive to restore the true side of Dongguan's pformation.

I never thought that one day I would enter the factory and become a real worker on the assembly line.

During the week when I worked in a shoe factory, I experienced their laborious work, feeling their helplessness to reality, and feeling from the nuances of 2008.

Since then, Dongguan's famous processing trade city has undergone a difficult pformation.

Looking for work

Toy factory, shoe factory, garment factory, leather goods factory, electronics factory, printing plant...

It seems that all businesses here are short of people.

September 7th, the first day in Dongguan.

In order to find a job, I took a bus and wandered around Houjie town.

"Urgent move: 2 skilled sewing workers, 1 assistant heads, and several general practitioners.

The salary is 2000 yuan -2500 yuan / month.

Such a recruiting red list is everywhere in Houjie town.

On the roadside of busy streets, some enterprises have set up recruitment stalls along the street, but few jobs have been found. Many factories simply put recruitment advertisements at the door.

Shoe factories, garment factories, leather goods factories, printing houses...

It seems that all businesses here are short of people.

"People are hard to recruit. Yesterday, they recruited 3, and only 2 went to the factory to report."

The recruitment of a garment factory complained to reporters who came to work. "Recruitment is not a difficult day, two days, and businesses are also used to it."

This seems to confirm the previous statistics of the Provincial Department of human resources and social security, and the employment gap of 400 thousand -50 people in Guangdong is normal.

After turning around, I set my goal in shoe factory.

On the industrial map of Dongguan,

Has always been a very important position, many high-end brand shoes are from the world known as the "shoe capital" of Dongguan.

There are several famous shoe factories in the Chi Ling industrial area of Houjie. Oasis and Li Kai are all powerful enterprises in Dongguan shoe industry.

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On the afternoon of September 7th, in the vicinity of Chai Ling Park and Zhong Hao shopping plaza, the recruitment booth of oasis was huge, and the van that came to pick up the new employee walked back and forth in 1 hours.

But all the recruitment workers were chatting in twos and threes, almost no one wanted to apply.

"No computer, high school graduation", I went around "interview", and finally successfully entered the Li Kai shoe factory and became an ordinary worker.

This day, including me, Li Kai "fortunately" recruited 3 employees.

Using the two days of the weekend, I moved into the factory dormitory, and went through the procedures of physical examination, contract signing and so on. I also visited the workshop which was about to work.

In September 10th, I officially started working life.

Hold on

Experienced the throes of shrinking, but eventually survived the financial turmoil. Orders will not be completed until next year.

In the Li Kai shoe factory, the workers work six days a week, 11 hours a day: 7:30 to 12 a.m., 1:30 p.m. to 9 p.m.

For workers, overtime is a guarantee of wages. If you don't work overtime, you will only get 1000 yuan a month.

I was assigned to the two group, and I was responsible for packaging with two other workers, Liang Liang and Xiao He.

A pair of new shoes were sent from the quality control station to the packing station. First, I hung up the shoelaces with the attached gifts, and Liang Liang checked the code numbers, and put the corresponding bar code on the shoebox.

This work does not seem to be complicated, but we have to pack nearly 900 pairs of shoes throughout the day, and we have to pack 4 pairs of shoes every 3 minutes on average.

The most terrified thing is that "a big wave of new shoes is approaching", and new shoes will come unlimitlessly. We must be "tireless" like the shooters of the peas, and pack a pair of "destroy" pairs.

Even if there are no new shoes on the assembly line, they must constantly fold the shoe boxes and tie them. In these 11 hours, there is hardly any time for laziness.

Li Kai's OEM is "new hundred Lun".

It is the second largest sport brand in the world and the third largest in the world.

The workers affectionately call their shoes "NB shoes", and they clearly know that their shoes are sold in the United States, Britain, Japan and other overseas areas, and they also know their prices are very expensive.

"No cheaper than Nike, a pair of four hundred or five hundred, last month Panama's goods have been done, but the money has not been hit, the results of all the shoes in our warehouse."

Talking about these shoes that are going to cross the ocean, Li Yang, a pport worker, is a little proud.

Since the beginning of 2008, under the pressure of the financial crisis, a small number of small and medium-sized shoe factories in Dongguan, which are in poor strength, have been closed down due to insufficient orders and low profits.

Aunt Chen, who worked in the factory for six years, told me that Li Kai's Taiwan boss gradually turned off his other two factories around 2008.

Aunt Chen had also been worried whether she would be laid off just like some of her workers.

Li Kai has long been in close cooperation with new Bai Lun, though he has also experienced the pains of shrinking scale, but eventually survived the financial turmoil.

"Will our factory collapse?" when I asked this question, the workers around me were very optimistic. "How can it be reversed? Orders are all scheduled for next year, and there are endless shoes for overtime every day."

Workshop head stone told me that every production of a pair of shoes, two groups of 31 people can earn 3.26 yuan, that is to say, each pair of shoes can earn more than 1 cents.

According to the output of about 900 pairs per day, the wage per person is nearly 90 yuan per day.

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Keep people

Every factory worker is very precious to the factory now. How to retain workers is the homework that the factory must do.

Before 2008, it was not easy to enter Li Kai's work, and no acquaintance's introduction could hardly come in.

Most of the workers in the factory are from Sichuan. If it is not for Sichuan people, it will be even more difficult to enter Li Kai.

But now, it is not easy for Li Kai to retain workers.

"After 90" Xiaoyan from a leather factory after the resignation, playing side "pick" factory for nearly a month.

She was recruited into the factory on the same day with me, but she did not report to the workshop on Monday. Later, she told me she picked another electronics factory.

According to a recent survey, the average number of new generation of migrant workers has changed 0.45 times a year, and the 0.08 generation of the old generation of migrant workers born in the 50s of last century. The frequency of job hopping of the new generation of migrant workers is nearly 6 times that of their parents.

In Uncle Liang's view, the older generation of migrant workers almost did not choose jobs, what to do, and now young people pick everything, pick wages, pick the environment, pick up the platform......

In the eyes of shop chief, he was more willing to recruit older workers than before 2008, because young people nowadays are becoming more and more "floating" and will not be able to leave long before they can work.

But in the face of the lack of people, factories do not have much choice.

With enterprises

The pfer of labor-intensive enterprises to the central and western regions also allows many migrant workers to work at home, and shoes industry is no exception.

A survey conducted by the Asian Footwear Association in 2007 showed that more than half of the PRD's shoes had been sold to the Guangdong wings and the mainland's new production lines, or to the mainland factories.

Pursuit

Larger factories and more workers are guarantees of capacity. After shrinking, factories are more focused on efficiency.

In fact, efficiency is the goal pursued by assembly line forever.

Li Yang's mother's shoe factory is more than Li Kai, the same piece wage, she can earn three thousand or four thousand yuan a month.

There are 45 people in Li Yang's mother's group, and they produce 1500 pairs of shoes every day.

"They can't answer the phone at work, they need to check every month, calculate their work efficiency, fail to meet the standards and deduct money."

Li Yang's mother's shoe factory is the oasis shoe factory opposite to Kai Kai.

For most of Li Kai's workers, the "neighbor" opposite is both enviable and mysterious.

Around 2004, it was Li Kai's most brilliant moment.

At that time, the number of Li Kai employees reached more than 20 thousand, and the brand of OEM was Kswiss, Anta and so on.

Around 2008, Li Kai began to shrink gradually. From six factories to 1 factories, the number of people began to turn from 20 thousand to about 1000 today.

Also in 2008, the oasis shoe factory went against the market, and the number of employees has reached 10 thousand in 2009, which is in sharp contrast to the decline of Li Kai.

According to the latest data, the total export volume of oasis is estimated to reach 13 million pairs in 2012, an increase of about 4000000 pairs over the previous year.

Every morning at 7:10, you can see in the Chai Ling Zhong Hao shopping plaza, the oasis staffs are lined up in six or seven rows, waiting for the shuttle bus to be sent to the factory.

There are only two dilapidated buses that Li Kai uses to send his employees.

"The staff quarters in the oasis are much better than ours, and we have much more money."

Xu Yun, the worker, expressed admiration for the oasis.

But the oasis may not be as good as she thought.

Once a worker who worked in Li Kai went to oasis to work for several months, because he could not stand strict management and return to Li Kai.

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After communicating with mom Li Yang, I found that in addition to strict management, the oasis maturity incentive mechanism is not small.

In addition to wages, there are also technical allowances in the oasis.

The employees get the corresponding technical rating after examination, and decide the allowance by the technology rating, for example, the C level has 175 yuan per month.

Through media coverage, we may find the secret of oasis's counter trend: Based on independent research and development and customer demand orientation.

The oasis shoe industry has developed, designed and produced with zero gross profit or even negative gross profit. After finding the right materials, it has developed the new products for the first time, serving the brand business, increasing the initiative in cooperation with the brand dealers, and benefiting the oasis.

Transformation and upgrading of enterprises is the task of the entire industrial chain.

The 7 day is very short, but I see the pformation of the factory from the life of the workers, and from the pformation of factories, I can see the difficult steps and the prospect of Dongguan's efforts to turn around.

Before I went to work, I had envisaged various situations: insufficient orders, returning home.

Factories are struggling.

But after that, it seems that this is not the case.

Many factories have ample orders, and there is no large-scale return home. The only trouble in the factory seems to be the shortage of manpower.

The development of enterprises depends on the progress of workers.

The young people in the factory gave up their studies and entered the real society early.

Compared to their peers, they have been able to earn a good salary.

But when bosses earn big money is their goal, most of them fail to figure out the way to achieve it.

From the future plans of my young workmates, we can predict that they will accumulate technical experience in the continuous job hopping. Li Yang intends to learn leather shoes design, and Xiao He intends to "learn some skills". They gradually turn from ordinary workers to skilled workers without knowing anything, which is exactly what the future workers demand for workers.

On the other hand, the progress of workers is also inseparable from the environment provided by enterprises. From my understanding, most of the new generation of migrant workers do not want to return to campus technology, but choose to grow slowly in enterprises.

"One step at a time" is the idea of many post-90s. They do not have a plan for the future, while some mature "post-80s" are full of confidence in the future.

The leader of our group, Lin Cheng, is only 24 years old. He entered the factory for one year and became the leader of the assembly line.

Compared with ordinary workers, I have never seen Lin Cheng pass through slippers. His formal dress is rarely seen in factories: Casual Shirts, casual trousers and casual leather shoes.

In the eyes of "post-90s", Lin Cheng's promotion is enviable.

Young, he still has much room for development in the factory.

But when I asked him if he would be doing it all the time, he shook his head with a smile, and his resolute eyes showed confidence in the future: "man goes high."

To make a pair of shoes requires a lot of processes, such as cutting, sewing, bottom processing, molding, etc., and only in the molding stage, there are 16 processes.

Apart from these 16 processes, workers in each process are doing simple and repetitive actions.

I asked the chief stone teacher why he didn't use machine to make shoes.

For the future, enterprises also have their own vision: create their own brands, design patents, invent new technologies, and increase added value.

But these ideas can not be achieved by a single enterprise.

In the industrial chain that has been formed, the fate and co ownership among enterprises, the progress of enterprises needs the progress of supporting technology, and needs upgrading of equipment.

This is not only the goal of an enterprise, but the task of the entire industrial chain.