Limit And Detection Of Toxic And Harmful Substances In Leather, Fur And Products Of China

< p > > a href= "http://www.91se91.com/" target= "_blank" > leather < /a >, fur and products contain a variety of toxic and harmful substances, which will cause harm to human health and environment.

China is a large country in the production, import and export, and consumption of leather, fur and its products. However, the technical standard of the limit requirements for hazardous substances in leather, fur and products is limited to GB20400-2006, "the limits of harmful substances in leather and fur". It involves less safety and hygiene, and less toxic and harmful substances in the environment.

Safety and in line with the development of international standards, we have studied the limits of toxic and harmful substances in leather, fur and products. Referring to the regulations, directives and technical standards of leather and fur products and toxic substances in developed countries, we have determined the items of toxic and harmful substances that should be controlled in leather, fur and products. We have studied the standard of relevant test methods and carried out systematic verification tests. Through a large number of test data, we have put forward the technical specifications of the toxic and harmful substances that should be controlled in leather, fur and products, so as to provide the basis for revising the corresponding national standards, and provide technical specifications for leather, fur and products manufacturing enterprises in China, so as to promote the pformation and upgrading of leather, fur and products industries in China. In order to protect the health and environment of the consumers of leather, fur and products in China

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On the basis of standards for leather and fur hazardous substances, referring to the relevant regulations, instructions and technical standards of developed countries such as the United States, Japan and the European Union, as well as the technical standards of HJ 507-2009 "technical requirements for environmental labeling products, leather and synthetic leather", and combining with the actual situation of China's leather, fur and products manufacturing enterprises, some items of serious hazards to human health and environment have been added. The items of toxic and harmful substances that should be controlled in leather, fur and products are determined as follows: decomposing harmful aromatic amine dyes, pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2, 3, 5, 6- four chlorophenol (TCP), six valent chromium Cr (VI), free formaldehyde, two methyl ester fumarate and perfluorooctane sulfonate. < p > we are in GB 20400-2006.

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< p > < strong > 1 can decompose harmful aromatic amine dye < /strong > /p >

< p > azo dye is a synthetic dye widely used in leather, but not all azo dyes are prohibited. Only 20 kinds of aromatic amine azo dyes which are designated by the decree will be released after reduction. There are more than 100 kinds of azo dyes.

These leather products or other consumer products dyed with prohibited azo dyes will be mixed with human skin for long term. They will be mixed with the components released in the process of metabolism. They will produce reductive reactions and form carcinogenic aromatic amine compounds. This compound will be absorbed by human body. After a series of activation, the structure and function of DNA in human cells will become the inducement of human diseases.

EU REACH regulations limit 22 aromatic amine azo dyes, with a limit of 30 mg /kg.

China's mandatory national standard GB 20400-2006 "leather and fur harmful substances limit" standard stipulates that leather and fur products can decompose harmful aromatic amine less than 30 mg /kg.

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< p > < strong > 2 pentachlorophenol and four chlorophenol < /strong > /p >

< p > pentachlorophenol can be used as preservatives and fungicides in leather products.

Pentachlorophenol may contain high toxic chlorinated two benzo dioxins and other by-products generated during the synthesis process. Chlorinated two benzoxazine has strong carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects. The WHO has classified it as a high risk pesticide and gradually banned it. The German food, feed and consumer goods law restricts the application of pentachlorophenol in leather, with a limit of 5 mg /kg.

2, 3, 5, 6 - four chlorophenol is a byproduct of the pentachlorophenol synthesis process, which is equally harmful to the human body and the environment.

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< p > < strong > 3 six valence chromium < /strong > /p >

< p > chrome tanning has been widely used in leather industry. Chromium has many valence states, of which six valent chromium is highly toxic and has strong teratogenic and carcinogenic effects.

Leather tanning uses trivalent chromium, and its toxicity is only one percent of six valent chromium.

In the past, trivalent chromium was considered to be very stable, but recent studies have found that trivalent chromium is oxidized to six valence chromium in the process of chrome tanning, preservation and use of leather.

With the increasing awareness of health and environmental protection, the problem of six valent chromium in leather has attracted more and more attention.

Germany's food, feed and consumer goods law strictly limits the six valent chromium in leather, with a limit of 3 mg /kg.

Denmark has written to the European Chemicals authority (ECHA) to present a proposal to limit the application of six valent chromium compounds in leather products.

The European Chemicals authority (ECHA) is also considering the application of six valent chromium in the leather industry to be incorporated into the REACH regulations.

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< p > < strong > 4 formaldehyde > /strong > /p >

< p > the chemical formula of formaldehyde is H2CO.

Formaldehyde in addition to H2CO, there are other forms: trioxymethylene and paraformaldehyde.

Its chemical abstracts are numbered [50 - 00 - 0].

Formaldehyde is an intermediate product of oxidation or combustion of methane and carbides.

Formaldehyde was found in forest fires, vehicle exhausts and cigarettes.

Formaldehyde in the atmosphere comes from sunlight and oxygen to react with methane and other carbon hydrides in the atmosphere.

So it is a part of smog pollution.

Formaldehyde is toxic, causing allergy and carcinogenicity.

Because formaldehyde resin is used in the production of building materials, it has become a common indoor pollutant.

Formaldehyde in the air is higher than 0.1 mg /kg. Formaldehyde causes pain and tears in the eyes and mucous membranes.

Inhalation of formaldehyde at the same concentration may cause headache, burning sensation in throat, breathing difficulties, and may cause or worsen asthma symptoms.

Formaldehyde is classified as carcinogen.

The world cancer research organization has enough evidence that formaldehyde may cause nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The 112 act of Japan strictly restricted the formaldehyde content in household products. The general babies were < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/" target= "_blank" > shoes < /a >: less than 20 mg /kg; other shoes: less than 75 mg /kg.

The EU eco footwear standard stipulates that the content of free or partially hydrolyzed formaldehyde in footwear leather components should not exceed 150 mg /kg.. Our mandatory standard GB20400-2006 also has strict requirements for formaldehyde. It stipulates that infants and young children (less than 24 months) are less than 20 mg /kg; products with direct contact with skin are less than 75 mg /kg; products with non direct contact with skin are less than 300 mg /kg.

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< p > < strong > 5 methyl fumarate < /strong > < /p > two.

< p > fumaric acid two methyl ester (Chemical Abstract number [624 - 49 - 7]) is used to treat psoriasis.

It has lipophilicity and fluidity in human tissues, but because it is an alpha, beta unsaturated ester, it can react with the antidote glutathione rapidly with Michael addition.

Another function of the two methyl fumarate is to prevent mildew, which is usually used as an insecticide.

It has been found that two methyl fumarate will lead to artificial acid at low concentration.

PFOA can name itself or its main salts (perfluorooctanoic acid).

Perfluorooctane sulfonate is a related compound and can be used as surfactants.

The anion chemical formula of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is C8F17 SO3 -.

It is a conjugated base of perfluorooctane sulfonate.

The anion salt is used as a surfactant.

PFOS may only be used in some parts of the product or part of the coating, such as < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/" target= "_blank" > textile < /a >, but special octane sulfonate is prohibited.

According to the 2002 study by the organization for economic cooperation and development, PFOS is difficult to be degraded in the environment, accumulating and toxic to humans.

Establish risk assessment to reduce the harm of PFOS to human health in the environment.

PFOS belongs to perfluorinated surfactant, which is very stable for chemistry, heat and light (ultraviolet).

They have excellent antifouling, oil proofing and water repellency.

Therefore, PFOS can be used for surface finishing of packaging materials, carpets, textiles, leather and furniture.

The polymer has a stable chemical connection with the substrate to prevent water washing (e.g. textile carpet).

Perfluorinated surfactants can also be used in cosmetics, pigments, plant protectants and fire extinguishers.

PFOS organic surfactants are the hydrogen atoms substituted by fluorine atoms on the carbon skeleton. The stable molecular structure makes them strong bioaccumulation and toxicity.

The chemical bond between fluorine and carbon is one of the most stable chemical bonds.

Some fluorine compounds such as PFOS are almost impossible to destroy.

PFOS is not natural, because of its special properties and industrial production, and is used for a variety of products.

PFOS is classified as carcinogen.

The toxicity of PFOS is still unclear, and more studies are needed.

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