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Dezhou, A Big Cotton Producing City, Is In An Embarrassing Situation Of Losing Cotton.

2013/11/25 23:26:00 23

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Cotton Producing City Dezhou Lost Cotton

in H&M, ZARA and UNIQLO, < a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > clothing > /a > fast disappear brand store, Vietnam, Indonesia and other places of origin identification has been frequent, "MADE IN IN" market share is gradually eroded.

As the most important a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > textile > /a > raw materials, cotton is also being scrambled for sites by wheat, corn and vegetables. Dezhou, Shandong, is a traditional cotton producing market in China. Now it is facing an embarrassing situation of "losing cotton".

In mid November, new cotton harvest ended and visited local cotton spinning enterprises, cotton growers, cotton associations and research institutes to explore the current situation, problems and trends of the development of the cotton textile industry in the mainland.

cotton is "half of the country" was swallowed /p >

P, known as the Northeast gate of Dezhou and the southern gate of Beijing and Tianjin, is one of the important cotton producing bases in China.

Reporters in Wucheng county and Xiajin County under the jurisdiction of the city of Dezhou, they did not see endless cotton fields. Instead, the patches of pale green wheat fields and cotton fields spread out, and the wheat fields seemed to be surrounded.

wheat field, cotton grower Zhang Quangui pointed to the two acres of cotton fields that had not been harvested in the distance. It said that the output of an acre cotton field is only about 420 Jin this year. According to the purchase price of 4.2 yuan per catty, the yield of 5 mu in the family area is nearly 8000 yuan. The husband and wife rotate around the cotton all year round, especially picking, from late August to mid November, it takes time and trouble.

"picking began from the beginning of September, and began early in late August and began picking again and again, because the cotton was kept open from the bottom up, opened in late September, and opened in mid October, and now there are still some cotton fields not being finished."

Zhang Quangui said.

Zhang Quangui, who is nearly 50 years old, is going to work in Weifang, Shandong, who is nearly P years old. She will go to work in Weifang, Shandong. She will grow her wife in the family, but only grow wheat and corn. One is convenient pportation from Weifang to Weifang, and the family can take care of things in time. Two, the degree of mechanization of wheat and maize is high.

"It's no problem to make 150 yuan a day on the construction site. It can earn tens of thousands of yuan a year."

In fact, many accounts like Zhang Quangui's "cotton farmers" are clear.

The arable land area of the whole Dezhou is nearly 8 million mu, and the agricultural population is nearly 4 million. A population of 2 mu is calculated according to a family of three acres of 6 acres. If planting cotton and deducting the direct cost of seed and cotton, about one mu of net income will be around 1300 yuan, and six mu of land will be less than 8000 yuan.

when it comes to planting cotton, its complexity is not comparable to that of wheat and corn.

According to cotton farmers, seeding can be mechanized, but when it comes out, it is necessary to employ workers.

From the perspective of farmers, cotton is not as good as wheat and corn.

Zhang Quangui said that wheat and corn have fully mechanized planting. From planting to harvesting, they are mechanized operations. After harvesting wheat and planting corn, they can earn about 1600 yuan per mu and less labor.

"If a man goes out to work, a woman will farm at home, and the family's income will be at least 40 thousand yuan."

Zhang Quangui said.

Ma Junkai, vice president of the Dezhou Cotton Association, calculated a small amount of money. In 2013, the physical and chemical costs of cotton planting in Dezhou (excluding labor) amounted to 538 yuan / mu, including 270 yuan fertilizer, 40 yuan for ploughing, 50 yuan for seeds, 80 yuan for pesticides, 15 yuan for raking, 15 yuan for machine sowing, 23 yuan for plastic film, 30 yuan for irrigation, 15 yuan for cotton and wood.

If the cotton planting area is large and the employees pick up cotton, the average cost will be 0.8 yuan / Jin, with an average of more than 360 yuan per mu.

if the yield is 450 Jin per mu and the average selling price is 4.25 yuan / Jin, the output value of Mu is 1912 yuan. If the farmers use their own land and pick up their own cotton, they do not include labor cost, the cost of direct planting is 538 yuan per mu, and the yield of Mu is 1374 yuan.

If it is calculated on the basis of renting and hiring cotton, the cost of Mu has reached 1288 yuan, and the yield per mu is only 624 yuan.

That is to say, the annual yield of 10 mu cotton is 6240 yuan, and the annual income of 20 mu is 20 yuan.

by season, the average yield of wheat is 1060 kg, the average yield of corn is 1100 Jin, the average wheat price is 1.20 yuan / Jin, and the corn is 1.10 yuan / Jin. The output value of grain is 2482 yuan.

The cost of direct planting of wheat is 540 yuan per mu and corn planting cost is 520 yuan / mu.

The output value of Mu is deducted from the direct planting cost (excluding labor cost) plus the grain subsidy of 125 yuan per mu, and the grain income per mu is 1547 yuan.

In comparison with grain crops, the cotton yield per mu is less than 173 yuan without calculating the labor cost.

under the condition of comparable grain and cotton income, farmers obviously have a high enthusiasm for planting grain.

As far as Dezhou is concerned, the cotton planting area reaches 4 million 900 thousand mu in the heyday, and its output accounts for 1/3 of the whole province. However, the cotton planting area has been decreasing year by year in recent years, in 2008, 2 million 890 thousand mu, 1 million 500 thousand mu in 2010, 1 million 300 thousand mu in 2012, only 1 million 100 thousand mu in 2013, and 62% in five years.

according to Ma Junkai research and statistics, the output of cotton in Dezhou area is about 90 thousand tons this year, which is 25% lower than that of last year. "In recent years, the output is not high, and it is related to weather. In the past few years, 520 mu of cotton can be produced in a single mu, and it has been in continuous rain in September and September for the past four years.

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cotton country has become a "big burden" /p >

to stabilize the market expectations of cotton producers, operators and cotton producers, protect the interests of cotton farmers and ensure market supply, the state has implemented cotton purchasing and storage policy for three consecutive years, and the purchase price of lint has been maintained at 20400 yuan per ton. According to this, the purchase price of seed cotton is 4.2 yuan to 4.3 yuan per catty.

Dezhou has more than 80 cotton spinning processing enterprises of 400 types, processing capacity of over 500 thousand tons, and this year's local total output is only about 90 thousand tons.

A lot of enterprises are scrambled for resources to raise the purchase price. Some enterprises receive 36% yuan per kilogram of 4.40-4.50 clothes per kilogram.

According to cotton prices, according to the current linen percentage of 36%, the profit and loss balance point of seed cotton purchase price is around 4.35 yuan / kg, which deducts the cost and interest of purchasing processing, and most enterprises are basically small or flat.

obviously, this price is much higher than that of outer cotton.

Ma Junkai said that the purchase price of cotton mills is still slightly higher than the purchase and storage price, because there are 85 400 type enterprises in the whole Dezhou area, with a processing capacity of more than 500 thousand tons, less than 20% of the utilization capacity, and a serious surplus of processing capacity. The acquisition and processing enterprises often rush to purchase, some of which are more than 4.35 yuan per catty purchase, and then the processing can not make money.

cotton growers are reluctant to sell. They are unwilling to sell. Cotton farmers believe that this year the production is reduced and the price should be higher.

Ma Junkai said, but a large quantity of cotton has been stored in the international market, and the domestic Treasury has also stored large quantities of cotton, and the price can not rise again.

It is understood that the national collection and storage generally from September 1st to the end of March next year, the storage will be implemented according to the market situation.

according to sources, cotton stocks in the national reservoir are nearly 10 million tons.

"In the past years, the state began collecting and storing, basically 95% of the cotton production was sent to the State Reserve."

Ma Junkai said, this completely deviated from the market economy, is the use of administrative means to intervene in the market behavior, inside and outside cotton price of nearly 5000 yuan per ton.

"P" in fact, the state's original intention is good, in order to protect the interests of farmers, improve the enthusiasm of cotton growers.

According to Ma Junkai, such a large price difference between inside and outside is equal to the state subsidizing farmers with money. In fact, it does not fully subsidize farmers. In addition, some of them have acquired 70% of the farmers in the processing and textile enterprises.

from various channels, we know that 2014/2015 cotton will no longer carry out the cotton purchase and storage policy.

Xu Aixia, an analyst with Everbright futures, said that the abolition of the purchase and storage next year is basically a matter of determination. After three years of storage, the cotton market has lost its market function due to lack of liquidity, and the price of the purchase and storage has raised the price, which has increased the internal and external spreads. At the same time, the high cost domestic cotton industry has increased the cost of the enterprises. After the abolition of the purchase and storage, the cotton price will fall down, resulting in a decline in planting area. But for the textile market, it may reduce the cost of the enterprise, make the price effective pmission, and the industry will circulate in a benign direction.

a cotton textile personage in Zhengzhou analyzed that in view of the small number of high-grade cotton circulated in the market at present, the demand for cotton could not be satisfied, and the state reserve stocks were high, so it was imperative to throw and store. In the last storage and storage year, the dumping and storage were also carried out. In addition, the price difference between the inside and outside of the stock market was too large, and the impact of throwing and throwing on the cotton price was stronger.

the head of a cotton spinning enterprise in Xiajin County of Dezhou city told the China Securities Journal reporter that the acquisition process was slow this year, and the purchase volume was less than in previous years. Because of its own local resources, it could receive thirty thousand or forty thousand jin a day, about half of that in previous years.

"Even if I buy 50 thousand pounds a day, my cotton plant can process 200 thousand jin a day, and it will take four or five days to start work, and the cost of labor and electricity will be increased. Cotton spinning enterprises are basically at a low profit or no profit."

It is understood that nearly 85 cotton mills in Dezhou have nearly stopped production this year, and no cotton purchase has been made in the past 10 years.

cotton spinning enterprise is not optimistic.

According to local cotton textile enterprises, from 2000 to 2004, Dezhou cotton processing and purchasing enterprises once reached about 800, and then eliminated backward production capacity, processing enterprises controlled around 88.

"Indeed, there are many enterprises with idle capacity. Last year, there were 70 real processing enterprises, because many enterprises were short of funds, and the acquisition of cotton needed more liquidity than cash settlement. Some large purchase companies needed 230 million yuan in liquidity, otherwise they could not be pferred."

Ma Junkai said.

The above cotton textile enterprises responsible person said that most of the liquidity was social fund-raising, a small part of the local bank loans, but the interest was slightly higher.

cotton direct subsidy is difficult to relieve, /p >

shouldn't have made a mess of it. Good intentions have done bad things.

The cotton purchase and storage policy has led to a shortage of cotton supply in the market, which has neither promoted the enthusiasm of cotton growers nor harmed the demands of textile enterprises.

According to the China Securities Journal reporter, at present, the relevant state departments are planning to implement the cotton direct subsidy policy. Next year, the pilot project will be conducted in Xinjiang. In addition, large-scale planting areas such as Binzhou, Dongying and Sheyang will be directly subsidized in the future, but the specific proposals for subsidy are not yet fixed.

industry pointed out that if Xinjiang is a cotton direct subsidy pilot, if the effect is good, it may expand to the whole country. If imported cotton enters large scale, it is necessary to look at the price difference between inside and outside. If domestic cotton price is in line with international standards, import scale enlargement is a market behavior. Direct subsidy and import will benefit the domestic cotton market to enter a virtuous circle stage from top to bottom.

Nanhua futures researcher Fu Xiaoyan said that in the early stage of direct subsidy, the probability of cotton production reduction is very large. Domestic textile enterprises are in a low inventory cycle, and only after increasing imports can they meet the needs of enterprises.

however, in Ma Junkai's view, cotton direct subsidy is also feasible in Xinjiang and Dongying and Binzhou, because there is no scale cotton farmers, and an allowance of 200 yuan per mu is not worthwhile to grow cotton. If mechanized planting in Xinjiang, Dongying and other places, there will be a considerable income after the scale is reached, and the benefits of loose planting can not be achieved. Moreover, standing in the national macro perspective, Xinjiang is easy to operate, suitable for planting cotton, and letting the mainland open, and what cotton farmers are willing to grow, so as to protect grain.

"this year, Xiajin county supply and marketing cooperatives and agricultural machinery bureau established 70 mu of cotton mechanized planting base in Song Lou Town, from cotton planting, spraying, chemical control to picking to achieve mechanization."

Ma Junkai said.

The scale of cotton production in China is small, and the average cotton planting area is 4.7 mu. The small scale production leads to the low standardization of cotton, the phenomenon of "three silk" is prominent, and the quality of cotton is affected.

High quality and low price cotton has caused some competition and impact on cotton in China.

industry insiders say that according to the pilot test in Xinjiang, Xinjiang's a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > cotton < /a > output will basically stabilize at about 4 million tons, and the cotton planting area in the mainland will shrink further, and the output will gradually drop from 3 million tons to 1 million tons. The gap can only rely on expanding imports. Xinjiang will expand the entire cotton industry, from textile, printing and dyeing to clothing, and it will be finished rather than primary products.

take Xiajin as an example. At present, there are 130 textile enterprises in the county, ranging from 3000 spindles to 5000 spindles.

Ma Junkai said that 80% of the enterprises in the future may be eliminated, leaving behind products with high value and high added value. Now the national textile production capacity is 120 million spindles, which will decrease year by year. According to the calculation, it will reach 70 million spindles. Now the capacity is too large and the utilization rate is very low.

China Cotton Association data show that the price of yarn in Pakistan and other countries has declined, and the number of imported yarn has increased, which has occupied the share of domestic yarn in the domestic market, and sales volume has declined.

From 1 to October this year, the cumulative sales of yarn increased by 0.6% compared to the same period last year, a decrease of 8.7%.

it is understood that China is the world's largest exporter of textiles and clothing. The developed countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan all import Chinese textiles and clothing, which accounts for a large proportion. But in recent years, with the rising of emerging market countries such as Vietnam and Indonesia, China's textile and clothing exports are beginning to be threatened, and the degree of competition is increasing.

industry pointed out that after cotton direct subsidy, the labor productivity of the cotton industry will eventually be improved. The current small-scale peasant cotton planting industry must develop towards large-scale and mechanized production so as to make China's cotton industry competitive.