Cotton Production Is Bound To Be Mechanized.

< p > China is the largest producer and consumer of a href= "http://www.91se91.com" in the world. Cotton accounts for 3% of the planting industry and its output value reaches 10%.

In recent 10 years, China's cotton area has decreased from 88 million 890 thousand mu to less than 70 million mu, and the downward trend is obvious.

Especially in the the Yellow River River Basin, the cotton area decreased from 38 million 640 thousand mu to 29 million 180 thousand mu, with an average annual reduction of 1 million 570 thousand mu.

The main reason for this decline is that cotton production cycle is long, links are many, mechanization level is low, employment is much and the working environment is hard.

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< p > with the continuous rising of labor costs, the cost of cotton production and labor increases year by year.

According to the survey, the physical and chemical costs of cotton planting (excluding labor) in Dezhou, Shandong Province in 2013 amounted to 538 yuan / mu, including fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, harrowing, machine sowing, plastic film mulching, irrigation, and cotton drying.

If the cotton planting area is large and the employees pick up cotton, the average cost is 1.6 yuan / kg, and the average cost is more than 360 yuan per mu.

If the yield is 450 Jin per mu, and the average selling price is 8.5 yuan / kg, the output value of Mu is 1912 yuan. If the farmers use their own land and pick up their own cotton, they do not include labor cost, the cost of materialization is 538 yuan per mu, and the yield of Mu is 1374 yuan.

If it is calculated on the basis of renting land and hiring people to collect cotton, the cost of Mu has reached 1288 yuan, and the yield per mu is only 624 yuan.

Grain yield: the average yield per mu is 1060 kg, the average yield of corn is 1100 Jin, the average wheat yield is 2.4 yuan / kg, the corn is 2.2 yuan / kg, and the output value of seed grain is 2482 yuan.

The physicochemical cost of wheat is 540 yuan / mu and corn physicochemical cost is 520 yuan / mu.

The output value of Mu is less than the cost of planting (excluding labor cost) plus the grain subsidy of 125 yuan per mu, and the income of grain Mu is 1547 yuan.

In comparison with grain crops, the cotton yield per mu is less than 173 yuan without calculating the labor cost.

They are highly mechanized and employ less.

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< p > if we want to stabilize the domestic cotton area and output, we must improve the mechanization level of cotton production, especially the mechanization level of harvesting.

Compared with the advanced cotton growing countries, China's cotton production mode is lagging behind, with a small scale, low labor efficiency and relatively high production costs.

In the United States, the picking cost of seed cotton is about 80 yuan per mu, which is only 1/5~1/16 of China's cotton picking cost.

The United States produces an average of 0.5 working days for producing 50 kilograms of lint, compared with about 12 in China.

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< p > cotton production mechanization is the fundamental way out. Cotton picker is the key link of cotton whole process mechanization.

At present, about 30% of the world's cotton is picked by machines. The mechanized harvest rate of the developed countries in the United States, Australia, South America and other developed countries reaches 100%. Some of the middle developed agricultural countries such as Spain, Bulgaria, Greece and so on are also picked by machinery; and the cotton picking technology in Argentina and Brazil has developed rapidly.

The cotton planting area in China is about 70 million mu. In 2012, the machine production rate was only 8.26%, and it was mainly concentrated in Xinjiang cotton area. The pilot production experiment in Huang Huai cotton region has just begun.

Mechanical harvesting experiments in late autumn of 2013 in Shandong, Binzhou, Weifang, Dezhou and Henan Anyang showed that the net rate of picking cotton picking machine was 87.4%~93.3%, the harvesting efficiency was 7~10 mu / h, the impurity content was about 7.4%, the net rate of the finger type cotton picker was 86.3%~92.5%, the recovery efficiency was 6~8 mu / h, and the impurity content was about 10.8%.

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< p > cotton production process < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > mechanization < /a > is the inevitable trend of modern agricultural development.

At present, the cotton planting in Northwest China's inland cotton area has become a piece of film. There are about 6 million mu of machine picked cotton area. The cotton planting in the Yellow River Delta area is relatively centralized, and the planting area of one farmer can reach dozens of mu or even more than 100 mu, which is conducive to popularizing cotton mechanical picking.

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The whole process of mechanization of "P" cotton production has just started in the Yellow Huai and Huai sea area, and it is at the exploratory stage.

At present, there are still some problems and difficulties, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, the peasants are not fully aware of the situation and are in a wait-and-see state.

Two, we should breed early maturing varieties suitable for the climate and machine production in the mainland, with short boll dates, early and concentrated pods.

Three, the mode of machine picked cotton is different from traditional planting. It needs to be grown in large scale and should adapt to the new pattern quickly.

Four, cotton pickers are expensive.

At present, most cotton pickers used in China are imported machinery, which is more than 2 million yuan per unit. Without the guarantee of area, enterprises and professional cooperatives are afraid to purchase.

The five is that the present cotton ginning factory does not have its matching process. To process the machine pick up cotton, it is necessary to spend money on the purchase of cleaning equipment.

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< p > upgrading a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_s.asp" > cotton < /a > production mechanization level is a systematic project. It is necessary for domestic cotton picker manufacturers to continuously innovate and improve their technological processes according to the characteristics of domestic cotton production, and need to synchronize their development from all aspects of cotton variety, cultivation and management to harvesting. Local governments need to co-ordinate their layout and scale planting, and agricultural departments, agricultural machinery, supply and marketing, and agricultural technology promotion departments should cooperate with each other to provide technical support.

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