Market Analysis Of China'S Shoe Adhesive Market

The adhesive used in shoe making enterprises, cloth shoes and cloth shoes are basically made up by shoe factories, and most of the other adhesives are purchased outside.

At present, there are more than 200 manufacturers of shoe adhesive in the country, of which more than 100 are located in coastal areas, and are generally accompanied by factories in shoemaking bases.

Guangdong is the largest footwear production base in China. At present, it produces 3 billion pairs of shoes and 2 billion pairs of exports each year.

Guangdong's shoe adhesive plant is the largest in the country, with a total of more than 70, most of which belong to foreign-funded enterprises. About half of these adhesive factories produce export products (matching with export shoe factories).

There are more than 30 enterprises on the scale of shoe adhesives in Guangdong, such as Nanhai Nanguang, Nanhai Buli, Zhongshan Weiming and so on. Their production scale is over 10000 tons, and their varieties are over dozens of species. Among them, Nanhai Nanguang company has tens of thousands of tons of production capacity, and its products almost penetrate into all major footwear production bases and leather products production bases in the country.

There are about 40 enterprises in Fujian province and Zhejiang province producing adhesive for shoes.

Jiangsu, Shandong and Tianjin have more than 10 enterprises producing adhesive for shoes.

Among all kinds of adhesives for shoes, sticky adhesive is the most important adhesive property. It is also the most concerned adhesive type for shoemaking enterprises and adhesive manufacturers.

At present, the adhesive for the adhesive is mainly polyurethane and chloroprene rubber.

In view of the low technical content of the adhesive used for other uses and the relatively mature technology, it has little influence on the industry.

The following properties: 1) the adhesive strength of the material is suitable for the application of new materials; (2) the suitable drying speed and good initial adhesion force can meet the needs of high speed production; 3) the final (maximum) bonding strength is short; 4) the adhesive layer (film) has enough bending resistance, heat resistance, water resistance and cold resistance, and it also requires yellowing resistance for the outsole used for light colored shoes, the plasticizer is required for bonding PVC material, and 5 is less toxic to meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations; 6) the sizing process is simple, easy to operate, and the use cycle is flexible and adjustable. The performance of the adhesive for outsole is the highest in all shoe adhesives, so it should be equipped with the adhesive.

The development of adhesive for outsole is the nitrocellulose gum which is the first adhesive used for sticking out the bottom. It can only be used for bonding leather upper and leather bottom.

Nitrocellulose gum is no longer suitable for the use of synthetic materials.

In 1932, after the emergence of neoprene, rubber adhesive was widely used. It not only can bind leather to leather, but also bind rubber to leather. In 1939, German COMPO company first carried on the bonding technology of rubber bottom and leather. At that time, the crystallization rate of chloroprene rubber was slow, and the initial adhesive force was poor, reaching the final adhesive strength for a long time, resulting in less extensive application in shoemaking production.

In 1957, Bayer company introduced the quick crystallization chloroprene rubber, which made it possible to use chloroprene adhesive in the adhesive outsole.

In early 1960s, Bayer invented polyurethane adhesive to solve the problem that neoprene could not stick to PVC and PU shoes.

At the end of the 60s, thermoplastic elastomer (TPR) entered the shoemaking industry, which was a hard sticky material. At the time, polyurethane was bonded to the bottom of the TPR except for (halogenated) treatment. SBS adhesives had been used to directly bind the SBS (TPR) base and vulcanized rubber base.

Because SBS glue is a heat activated type, it is not easy to operate and use. Its vitality is not long. The market of solgel is always occupied by neoprene and polychlorinated ester.

Different countries have different choice of base gum varieties. Western Europe and the United States mainly use polyurethane glue, and most countries in Asia, Eastern Europe and Australia use neoprene.

Whether it is chloroprene rubber or polyurethane adhesive, it is basically solvent type.

Organic solvents have good penetration to rubber and plastic materials, but they are toxic, flammable and pollute the environment.

From the beginning of 1970s to the middle of 80s, there was an attempt to study hot-melt adhesive for bonding the outsole. However, due to the lack of adaptability to material, adhesion strength and sizing equipment, the attempt failed to industrialize.

In 1980s, Germany developed polyurethane dispersions for adhesives.

In the middle of 80s, solvent free polyurethane hot melt adhesive was introduced in Europe, and for many reasons, it has not been able to industrialize for many reasons.

Therefore, the dominant position of solvent based adhesive has not been shaken.

The neoprene adhesive, neoprene adhesive, has a strong molecular structure and strong cohesion. It is a crystalline polymer with strong polarity. It has good adhesion to various materials and is widely used.

Neoprene adhesive has the following characteristics: 1) no need vulcanization, it has good cohesive force, good initial adhesion, good bonding strength after being coated with glue and dried after being exposed to air, and (2) when bonding soft material, it can relieve the stress concentration caused by expansion and contraction. (3) it has good water resistance, aging resistance, flexural resistance, good adhesion to various materials and reliable performance. (4) solvent chloroprene rubber has simple manufacturing process, convenient operation and low price.

Just because neoprene is cheap and inexpensive, the sole adhesive used for shoe making in our country has been dominated by chloroprene rubber for a long time.

However, since 1980s, with the diversification of shoe materials and higher requirements for bonding quality, the first generation of common chloroprene adhesive has not been able to fully meet the requirements of adhesion of the substrate. Subsequently, grafted modified chloroprene rubber has been introduced. For different material requirements, grafted neoprene has one yuan, two yuan, three yuan and four yuan copolymer, which basically solves the problem of adhesion between various vulcanized rubber bottom, TPR bottom and upper shoe.

However, it is not enough for PVC and PU to be glued together. PU glue is still needed to solve the problem.

The solvent used for initial chloroprene rubber is benzene, which has excellent solubility, and the performance of the adhesive is easy to control. However, the toxicity of benzene is quite large.

Toluene is much less toxic than benzene, but if the measures are improper, it can seriously damage the operators and pollute the environment.

In 1980s, a mixture of gasoline and ethyl alcohol was used to replace most toluene or all of them instead of toluene. However, due to the increased cost, the adhesive properties were unstable, and the irritating odor aggravated the workers' reluctant use. In addition, the environmental protection and labor regulations did not emphasize the use of toluene at the time, so the benzene free solvent chloroprene rubber had not been popularized.

In the middle of 1990s, the number of workers who suffered from three benzene poisoning, which caused leukemia or even died in some footwear production bases, became increasingly strong after the three benzene rubber was used.

The Environmental Protection Bureau of Fujian province has formulated and promulgated the technical qualification of environmental protection products in Fujian Province, namely, the shoe adhesive, which limits the content of benzene series and halogenated hydrocarbons brought into the raw materials of products, and the green label standard of shoe adhesive used by China green environmental labeling certification committee, which limits the use of benzene series.

Against this background, some units have been producing chloroprene rubber and polyurethane adhesive without three benzene.

Since the price of mixed solvents without three benzene glue is higher than that of three benzene, the selling price of finished adhesive is increased by 10-20%. Many manufacturers, especially small and medium-sized shoe factories, still use three benzene adhesive, and workers' poisoning accidents still occur.

In March of 2002, Baidou enterprises in Baigou, Hebei, because of the use of three benzene adhesives (similar to adhesives and rubber glue), and poor ventilation and even no ventilation at all, caused many cases of leukemia, paralysis and death of workers exposed by CCTV. The central leadership has attached great importance to it, and has instructed relevant departments to investigate and rectify the adhesive situation of bags, shoemaking and related enterprises in the whole country. The adhesive containing three benzene has been greatly restricted, and some enterprises' products have been ordered to withdraw from the market.

Therefore, with the increase of environmental protection and pollution control, the chloroprene rubber containing three benzene will be less and even eliminated.

From the beginning of 1980s to the beginning of 90s, some units in our country had used chloroprene latex in shoe production research, which could be used to stick shoe parts, bends, edges, heels, etc. but the effort to stick to the sole has not been successful.