China'S Leather Industry'S New "Standard" Specifies Emission Limits.

< p > China is the largest leather manufacturing country in the world. However, < a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > leather < /a > industry has a large volume of sewage and complex sewage components. At present, almost all chemicals used for leather processing will produce certain pollution.

< /p >

< p > > the standard for effluent pollutants in leather and fur processing industry (GB30486-2013) issued by the Ministry of environmental protection (hereinafter referred to as the "standards") clearly stipulates the pollution discharge limits, monitoring and environmental impact assessment and environmental protection facilities design of tanning and fur processing industry, and will be implemented in March 1, 2014.

< /p >

< p > some experts believe that this standard can be regarded as the most stringent standard in the history of leather making and fur processing industry, and it is of great significance for China to strengthen the control of heavy metals and other toxic and harmful pollutants.

What is the background of the introduction of the standard? What changes will it bring to the leather industry and fur processing industry relative to the old standards? On these issues, the reporter interviewed Li Jie, senior project manager of the public environmental research center.

< /p >

< p > < strong > - background < /strong > < /p >

< p > < strong > the leather industry is seriously polluted. The current standard limits are loose. < /strong > < /p >

< p > "now, the new standard of leather industry has come to an urgent task."

Turning to the background of the introduction of the standard, Li Jie said to himself.

< /p >

< p > China is the largest leather manufacturing country in the world, and the export of leather products has been ranked first in light industry for many years.

However, the leather industry has the characteristics of large volume of sewage and complex sewage components. The relevant responsible person of the Ministry of environmental protection pointed out that in 2009, the wastewater discharged from the leather industry was about 1.38 billion tons, chemical oxygen demand (COD) of about 30 thousand tons, ammonia nitrogen 7300 tons, and total chromium (trivalent chromium) 6.72 tons.

The 2012 annual environmental statistics annual report shows that the total chrome emissions of leather, fur, feather and its products and manufacture < a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > shoes < /a > are about 74 tons, ranking second in all industries, accounting for 39.2%.

< /p >

< p > in Li Jie's view, concentration of industries will also lead to heavy metal emissions and pollution.

China's leather industry is becoming increasingly concentrated in Hebei, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Shandong, Fujian, Liaoning and Henan.

Among them, the total chromium emissions from industrial wastewater in Henan, Guangdong and Zhejiang rank the top 3 in the country. The total chromium emissions from industrial wastewater in 3 provinces are 80.4 tons, accounting for 42.6% of the total chromium emissions from the whole country. The leather industry has made certain contributions to this.

< /p >

< p > in addition, the current standard is not conducive to the pollution control and management of the leather industry.

At present, the wastewater discharge in leather industry is implemented according to the comprehensive wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996).

Li Jie believes that the standard is a comprehensive emission standard. The characteristics of the leather industry are not fully considered. The emission limits are loose, the entry threshold is low, and the pertinence is not strong, which is not conducive to the pollution control and management of the leather industry.

For example, in addition to the maximum allowable displacement of COD and five BOD5, other indicators do not specify emission limits applicable to the leather industry. Setting up three level emission standards is not conducive to fair competition among enterprises and total control of regional pollution.

< /p >

< p > finally, the state has issued a series of environmental protection requirements for the leather industry.

Leather industry "12th Five-Year" planning guidance, clearly put forward eight development goals of the leather industry, one of which is: energy conservation and emission reduction achieve tangible results.

There are 5 to 8 mature and perfect tannery centralized production bases in the country with conditional conditions, and comprehensively promote cleaner production technology. Water recycling is increased by 10% over the end of 11th Five-Year, COD emissions of major pollutants are reduced by 8%, ammonia nitrogen emissions are reduced by 10%, wastewater discharge is reduced by 10%, and solid waste disposal is basically achieved.

< /p >

< p > < strong > - change < /strong > < /p >.

< p > < strong > clear emission limits. The characteristics of the industry are considered more comprehensive < /strong > < /p >.

< p > as we all know, most tanning processes are carried out under water conditions, and the water consumption is large. The waste water discharged from the preparation section and finishing section accounts for more than 80% of the total wastewater.

< /p >

< p > for this reason, Li Jie explained that because of the following sections: soaking, degreasing, depilation, liming, softening, pickling, tanning, neutralization, retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring and so on, there are many processes and complicated chemical materials. Therefore, some pollutants such as COD, sulphide and ammonia nitrogen in tannery wastewater are of high concentration.

< /p >

< p > for tanning section, although the amount of waste water is not large, chrome tanning agent can not be completely absorbed by leather, so the trivalent chromium concentration in chrome tanning waste liquor is relatively high.

Heavy metal trivalent chromium can accumulate in animals and plants. Under strong oxidizing conditions, it may become harmful to human body. It needs six separate chromium treatment and strict control.

Because of the characteristics of leather making industry, the new regulation is more comprehensive in terms of industry characteristics than the old ones.

Li Jie said, for example, COD, BOD5 and other indicators in the comprehensive sewage discharge standards specify the applicable limits of the leather industry, but other characteristic pollutants are implemented according to the limits of other sewage units or all pollutant discharge units.

The new standard defines the limits of pollutants in tanning and fur processing industrial wastewater and improves the pertinence.

{page_break} < /p >

< p > in addition, the standard stipulated the direct and indirect emission limits according to the technical level of water pollutants treatment in the industry. For some key areas, the special limit of water pollutants with higher discharge requirements was specified.

Among them, heavy metals (total chromium, six valent chromium) and other highly toxic pollutants directly or indirectly discharge the same limit.

Different emission limits are stipulated for tannery enterprises and fur processing enterprises directly discharged.

Taking existing enterprises as an example, the direct emission limit of ammonia nitrogen in leather making enterprises is 35 mg / liter, while the direct emission limit of ammonia nitrogen in fur processing enterprises is 25 mg / litre.

For indirect emission enterprises, the emission requirements of most pollutants indicators (such as COD, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, etc.) are tightened.

< /p >

< p > "is also combined with the characteristics of leather making process to increase or improve some pollutants indicators."

Li Jie explained that for example, taking into account the production of skin collagen in the leather making process, after hydrolysis, it can become organic ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite and other substances, which is easy to cause eutrophication. The new standard set up the total nitrogen control index. Considering the salt preservation and processing process with large amount of salt in leather and fur raw materials, the new standard added chloride ion control index. Considering the characteristics of the raw material in the wet storage, the maximum allowable discharge water index was improved.

< /p >

< p > < strong > - influence < /strong > < /p >

< p > < strong > index discharge requirements increase industry access threshold > /strong > < /p >

What will be the impact of the implementation of < p > new standard on leather making industry? < /p >

< p > to this, Li Jie pointed out that, first of all, because of the emission requirements of most of the new standards, the discharge volume of the industry will be reduced after the implementation of the standards.

According to the Ministry of environmental protection, the total emissions of COD and ammonia will be reduced to 11800 tons and 2380 tons respectively, 57.2% and 67.4% less than that in 2010.

< /p >

< p > secondly, the new standard has improved the entry threshold for industries. The implementation of the new standard will speed up the elimination of backward production capacity, and urge a group of enterprises with backward production equipment, low technology level, imperfect environmental pollution control facilities, and small and weak enterprises to withdraw from the market, so that resources can be gathered to the dominant enterprises, so as to accelerate the pformation and upgrading of the industry.

< /p >

< p > Third, in order to meet the higher emission requirements of the new standard, some regions may consider concentrating leather making through the construction of leather industrial park and so on, and reduce the pressure of environmental protection management by means of centralized treatment and discharge of wastewater.

However, centralized treatment and discharge may cause centralized pollution of wastewater, which has the most direct impact and impact on receiving water.

In addition, improper treatment of sludge in tanning industry may bring about two pollution problems. In recent years, the phenomenon of repeated dumping of chromic sludge in the leather industry has been repeatedly occurred in China, which has already proved this point.

< /p >

< p > reference to the Public Environmental Research Center released in December 4, 2013 "green selection" a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > textile < /a > industry three phase Research Report - New Standard Test brand responsibility. After the introduction of the new textile standard, a large number of textile enterprises have exceeded the standard violation records, which has brought significant environmental violation risks for the whole industry's supply chain.

< /p >

For this reason, Li Jie strongly recommended that the leather industry should learn from the lessons of the textile industry and make preparations for the implementation of the new standard before the implementation of the new standard in the leather industry so as to avoid or reduce the compliance risks of the supply chain. "P"

{page_break} < /p >

< p > and Li Jie believes that the formulation of the new standard is to curb the serious impact of pollutants discharged from the leather industry on the water environment.

But to achieve this goal, it is not enough to promulgate the new standard only. We must ensure that the standards are implemented, and effective implementation requires the joint efforts of all sides.

< /p >

< p > she stated that from the government level, the government needs to push all parties, especially local governments, to implement strictly according to the requirements of the new standard and to disclose the pollutant monitoring information through various open channels.

Only by putting information under the supervision of the public and creating a basic platform for public participation can we join hands in achieving the ultimate goal of pollution control and emission reduction.

< /p >

< p > enterprise level, environmental compliance should be the bottom line of corporate responsibility.

In order to reduce the pollution problem in leather making and fur processing industry, manufacturing enterprises should not only consider how to ensure the discharge and discharge of wastewater to meet the requirements of pollution control, such as upgrading waste water treatment facilities, classifying chromium containing waste water and sulphur containing waste water, etc., but more importantly, how to reduce pollutant generation from the whole process of product life cycle, and take preventive measures of whole process control, including adopting high absorption tanning agent and less chrome tanning, reducing the amount of salt in tanning process, and reducing the production of chromium containing sludge.

As a maker of procurement rules, brand enterprises should improve and conscientiously implement the standard of responsibility procurement, and help the effective implementation of the new standard of waste water in China's leather industry.

< /p >

< p > "in short, in order to promote the implementation of the standard, the government should actively support all sectors to create conditions for pollution control and emission reduction in the leather industry through green supply chain, green credit, green securities and other means of marketization, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of emission reduction."

Li Jie appealed.

< /p >