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Garment Manufacturing Factory Labor Shortage Hit Pearl River Delta Again

2014/2/22 15:49:00 56

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Clothing Industry Labor Shortage Clothing

"this year's employment situation is more difficult than in previous years."

No. 18 just returned from Guizhou mountain area, Wu Hongyan told reporters.

Wu Hongyan is the general manager of a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_p.asp" > Shenzhen < /a > City Weibao labor dispatching company. After the Spring Festival every year, he is the busiest time.

Factories that are waiting to start will mention their demand for labor.

And his job is to go to Guangxi, Sichuan and other provinces to bring those who may still be immersed in the flavor of the year back to the factory.

Most of Wu Hongyan's customers are electronic factories and toy factories. They are also employed in ordinary jobs, mainly young people, which makes him feel a lot of pressure. P

according to the news released by the Guangdong Provincial Department of human resources and social security, the peak value of labor gap in Guangdong province may reach 1 million 200 thousand after the Spring Festival this year, especially in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan and Foshan.

according to the latest statistics from the Ministry of human resources and social affairs, in 2013, the total number of migrant workers in the country increased by 269 million, an increase of 2.4%, but the growth rate dropped by 1.5% over the same period. Among them, 166 million migrant workers, though 1.7%, increased by a year earlier, 1.3%.

with the director of the office of the leading group of the peasant workers working under the State Council and vice minister of the Ministry of human resources and social security Yang Zhiming, this reflects that China's agricultural labor force is no longer an inexhaustible reservoir with large-scale continuous pfer for many years.

this means that although the "Lewis turning point" has not yet appeared, the window period of demographic dividend is accelerating narrowing.

Reporter survey found that, with the gradual pfer of manufacturing to the central and eastern regions, the work of home gate, more free work, the attractiveness of the rural labor force is increasing.

For the PRD, factories unable to provide higher wages are doomed to continue to struggle in the mire of "labor shortage".

deep mountain "dig" people /p >

On the eleven day of the first month of the month, P returned to his pavement at the a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > the clothing city "/a", located in the South oil first industrial district of Shenzhen.

At this time of year, it is "a href=" http://www.91se91.com/news/index_f.asp "> spring dress < /a > preparation period before going public. Familiar customers will call ahead to place orders. What he wants to worry about is how to recruit skilled workers so that the factory can start work as soon as possible.

but the situation is different this year. Up to the first month of sixteen, he has not received an order call, which made him somewhat pessimistic about the market situation this year.

What worries him even more is that the employees who helped him look after the pavement have not come back to work. He can only stare at the pavement and call the workers.

skilled workers can get five thousand or six thousand overtime every month.

Qian said that in the past few years, the gross profit margin of garment manufacturing factories has not improved much, but the treatment of skilled workers has been increasing and business is becoming more and more difficult.

"This wage level is common in the clothing industry, and it is hard to find satisfactory workers."

the situation described by Qian Qian is not isolated.

Almost every shop door in the city of Kam do is hung up with recruitment needs. There are shop salesmen and textile workers.

But the clothing city is still a bit cold and cheerless.

money manager is a famous clothing wholesale market in Shenzhen.

Ten years ago, it was also the South oil industrial area, which concentrated hundreds of garment factories with different sizes.

With the relocation of Shenzhen's manufacturing industry, the production lines of these factories have been gradually withdrawn from South oil. The government of Nanshan District has upgraded and upgraded the clothing wholesale market of the Jin Du clothing city and the century Ginza garment city.

thousands of clothing wholesale paving gathered to make it one of the largest wholesale markets in the Pearl River Delta, and behind every pavement there is at least one garment manufacturer with large or small size, employing tens of thousands of labourers.

however, Qian told the twenty-first Century business news reporter that smaller clothing factories like him could only be employed by familiar workers in most cases.

"Through the human resources market or the labor dispatch company to find it, still need to spend a lot of time to do training again, this is a very small cost."

however, in the entire Pearl River Delta and even coastal areas, recruitment by labor dispatching companies is a way that many manufacturers of electronic manufacturing and toy manufacturing have to take, because nowadays people are hard to find.

Wu Hongyan is a Zhumadian native in Henan and has been engaged in the labor dispatching industry since 2000.

14 years of experience has led him to find a significant change: before 2006, his annual recruiting place will be selected in the Central Labor province of Henan and Hunan. People usually send job advertisements. But in recent years, people in these provinces have not been able to recruit people. He has to extend the recruiting front to Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.

"we are almost recruiting people in the mountains now."

Wu Hongyan said that many cities in Henan now have many factories. Older people will choose to work in their hometown instead of going out to do things again.

The process of digging is like squeezing out little water from the sponge.

Wu Hongyan's judgement has data to prove.

Take Henan as an example, in 2013, 15 million 230 thousand of the province's labor force achieved employment at home, which is already far higher than that of 11 million 370 thousand people who are employed outside the province.

The experience of Wu Hongyan also basically depicts the truth of labor shortage in recent years.

After the gradient pfer of coastal industries to the mainland, more and more factories began to appear in the central and western provinces, cities, towns and even townships.

Therefore, there is no need for migrant workers in these provinces to go to another country to get a job in the factory assembly line.

A typical example of "P" is that Foxconn has built a larger manufacturing base in Zhengzhou, Chongqing and Wuhan after reducing the size of its Longhua plant in Shenzhen.

In the spring breeze action at the beginning of each year, the buses that Foxconn will recruit will stay at various human resources markets or railway stations. The workers who have just gotten off the train will be picked up by buses after they get on the train.

If a region has several "recruiting large households" at the same time, the struggle between them will become more intense.

For example, Foxconn's Wuhan Park hit Lenovo's Wuhan base. The former lacks 5000 workers in the spring, and the latter has 3000 people.

Zhang Jun, director of the talent market in Wuhan, told reporters that after the Spring Festival, there was a demand for jobs and job seekers were in short supply.

According to the statistics of Na Jie talent market, as of February 19th, there were 2938 enterprises entering the field of recruitment, providing 46442 jobs and 29620 job seekers.

that is to say, labor shortage is not only a problem faced by coastal areas, but now, even in the big labor exporting province, the situation of labor shortage is already very serious.

Zhang Jun said that from the statistical analysis of recruitment enterprises at present, influenced by factors such as salary, work intensity, working hours, and post-90s employment concept pformation, machinery manufacturing, IT electronics, hotel catering, trade and logistics industry have become more difficult industries this year, and the slow progress of recruitment is mainly focused on technical posts and front-line operators.

"with the Lenovo, Foxconn, Shanghai General Motors, GREE electric appliances (30.50, -0.45, -1.45%) and other large manufacturing industries such as Wuhan concentrated production and production this year, Wuhan manufacturing enterprises demand for skilled workers and first-line operators surged."

Zhang Jun explained further.

After the P financial crisis in 2008, many coastal industries chose to pfer to the mainland.

After several years of construction, the new production lines all over the country have entered the capacity intensive release stage, and the newly built assembly line is waiting for the workers to be on duty.

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do not go to factory /p >

difficulty in recruiting enterprises is not a partial phenomenon, but China's huge population base has not changed.

So where have all the people gone?

Money managers of garment factories have their own thoughts on this problem.

In his view, there are quite a lot of labour force nowadays. The only thing that workers should consider is a price problem: the price is too low, the workers will not come, and the high enterprises will not be able to afford it.

"every year the newspaper says that the wage increase for workers is two hundred or three hundred. Do you think it is attractive to you?"

The money manager said.

He introduced that the skilled workers who came to work in the clothing factory in Shenzhen were basically doing odd jobs. After going to work with the boss, they did not need to sign the agreement.

according to his observation, the requirements of working environment for the new generation of labor workers are quite different from that of the older generation. The trend of fragmentation and zero work hours of work hours is becoming more and more obvious.

Zong Yue, now 24 years old, is a case from P.

His hometown in Guangshui, Hubei, after graduating from a junior college in Xiaogan, was assigned to a IT electronics factory in Dongguan. Daily life on the assembly line was boring and boring for him.

at the beginning of working, the monthly salary plus overtime pay is less than three thousand yuan.

Three years later, Zong Yue decided to learn something else.

through the parents pull strings, Zong music and a family uncle learn to cook kitchen decoration.

This work is very simple, but after thorough analysis, Zong Le finds that kitchen and toilet decoration needs more energy and more learning than that on the assembly line.

but Zong Yue is more willing to learn from his uncle. In addition to his free working hours, he has more income than the factory, and because he thinks the industry is more promising.

"There are many stores in the county."

Zong Yue said.

in fact, this is an industry which is accelerated by the acceleration of urbanization.

They do not need factories, do not need assembly line facilities, a few people form a small team, in a certain area to live, can get a good income.

For the new generation of labor force, its attractiveness is far greater than that on the assembly line.

What's more, these industries basically do not require academic qualifications, but only diligence.

Like P, Li Fuxing, now 26, will not return to the factory.

From 15 years old, before graduating from junior high school, Li Fuxing came to work in Shenzhen from his hometown in Hunan.

But he did not choose to go to the factory, but he followed his cousin as a painter.

He recalled that at that time his cousin brought four apprentices to the bag, but they had no wages.

Less than p years later, Li Fuxing began to study and decorate with fellow townsman in Shenzhen.

Although there was little money in Shenzhen in the first year, it made over 20 thousand yuan in second years.

That year, his old age classmates had just graduated from junior high school, and many people joined him in the renovation work team.

now, his team has business in many cities.

"Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai, Hefei, Wuhan, Zhongshan, Hangzhou, Shaoguan, Zhengzhou and so on".

Usually, they have about 5 to 10 people for a team to undertake jobs that have been pferred from large decoration projects.

these activities have made Li Fuxing more comfortable on hand.

He told reporters that one year, although scattered, but he can get about 100 thousand yuan of wages.

Compared to income, he actually cares more about this freer way of work, "happy to do, unhappy to play."

Li Fuxing said that in their spare time, they played almost every scenic spot in every city.

Zong le and Li Fuxing's experience reflects a major path to shift labor force from factories.

Along with the large-scale urbanization, the service space of various related service industries is also increasing.

This leads to the eastern coastal areas, not only to rob workers between factories and factories, but also to face these freelancers' competition for quite a long time in the future.

normally, the salary offered by the factory is much lower than that of such freelancers.

According to the statistics of the network, the salary of the first line operators is generally 2500 yuan -3500 yuan, and there is still a certain gap between the 3500 yuan -4000 yuan and the job seekers expected.

, therefore, the monthly income of more than 5000 yuan in freelance occupation and the free time are undoubtedly more attractive to the labor force.

up to now, there is no authoritative statistics on the scale of these freelancers.

Li Yingsheng, a PhD supervisor at Renmin University of China, a professor of social and demographic studies and a sociological theoretical and Research Center, said that this is a new problem which has not been paid much attention before.

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passive response .

to cope with the shortage of labor, the government and enterprises have different strategies.

for example, the spring breeze action organized by the Ministry of human resources and social security, the National Federation of trade unions and the all China Women's Federation has been going on for 9 years. Its main purpose is to build a labor service docking platform between the output area and the input place, so as to help job seekers find employment as soon as possible and alleviate the "labor shortage" at the same time.

for the problem of "labor shortage" and "difficult employment", Yang Zhiming, Vice Minister of the Ministry of human resources and social security, director of the office of the leading group of the peasant workers working under the State Council, said at a recent news conference that the structural contradiction between employment and recruitment is outstanding, which fundamentally reflects the pformation of the number of labor workers from unlimited supply to limited supply.

in addition, in twenty-first Century, the economic report reporters found that the proportion of migrant workers entering the field of work in the spring breeze action is decreasing, while the proportion of all kinds of specialties and even undergraduate graduates is increasing.

the lack of vocational training school education and the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities have caused an unexpected situation in China's labor structure.

"Now there is no 300 wage per day for clay workers and carpenters," /p.

, and the average monthly salary of college students is three thousand or four thousand yuan.

"At the recently held Guangzhou Municipal People's Congress, a number of NPC deputies mentioned this problem.

In order to alleviate the lack of blue collar workers, Chen Yanwen, deputy to the Guangzhou Municipal People's Congress, even proposed absorbing overseas workers.

for enterprises, the most concise way to solve recruitment difficulties is, of course, to upgrade themselves.

It is understood that in GREE, the United States and other household electrical appliance manufacturing enterprises, are vigorously implementing robots (58.500, 0.52, 0.90%).

GREE electric appliances proposed in 2013, the automation rate reached 70% by 2015.

In P automation's sample factory in GREE, Zhuhai, the first time visitors will be surprised.

In fact, there were not many workers in the production line that was originally crowded with people, and most of them were completed by mechanical automation. Only a small number of trained automation technicians were busy.

but for small entrepreneurs like money manager, automation is a problem that has never been considered before.

In fact, in the Pearl River Delta region, enterprises that can achieve the scale of automated production lines are really rare.

What constitutes the manufacturing base of the PRD is a large number of simple production equipment hidden in the factory buildings and a large number of manufacturing workers.

"for example, microwave oven factory, many small screws need to be manually installed inside the box, the machine can not be realized now."

Wu Hongyan introduced that other parts such as garment factories can not replace the machines, but in the hotel industry, express delivery industry, home economics and other industries, machines can not be replaced at all.

Li Yingsheng pointed out that automation of production equipment can be realized in the high-end manufacturing industry, and may lack professional technicians. This is not the same type of enterprises that are now experiencing labor shortage, and the latter needs most ordinary jobs, which is also the most popular employment industry.

"P > Wu Hongyan's order in Shenzhen can basically explain this problem.

Those who need to recruit ordinary jobs are basically from IT manufacturing, toy manufacturing and other manufacturers.

These manufacturers, in the labor force competition market, can neither afford to exceed the expected salary of job seekers nor provide a higher security mechanism.

For them, the lack of employment is almost impossible to solve.

That is why P. Because of this, there will be a large number of labor contracts that do not sign labor contracts with the manufacturers, and even pay wages on that day.

in addition, even high-profile announcing the automation forerunner of the "million robot" program and Foxconn, a manufacturer of industrial large businesses, are also less than expected in this regard.

At the end of 2011, Foxconn announced that it would replace the artificial industry upgrading plan with "one million robots" at the end of P.

According to the latest situation released by Foxconn this year, the proportion of robot operation instead of manual operation is up to 70% in some of the first production posts of Foxconn factory in Shenzhen.

Less than P, however, this still can not cover up the fact that Foxconn's "million robot" plan is far from being realized.

In 2013, a hardware manufacturer for Foxconn's robot parts said that according to Foxconn's purchase orders from its company, Foxconn now has tens of thousands of robots.

Nowadays, in Wuhan, Chengdu, Zhengzhou and other places, Foxconn's P bus stops at almost every suitable human resource market.

Wuhan Foxconn has to recruit 5000 people this spring. Under the difficult recruitment situation, its recruitment manager has to set up on-site recruitment points at the railway station.

In Longhua, Guanlan District, Shenzhen, Foxconn even gave the conditions of "internal recommendation, 5 or more reimbursement".

observer analysis shows that the instability and accuracy of robots are the reasons for technical problems. The deeper challenge is the pformation of the management mode of enterprises. It is necessary to turn from the management of artificial labor to the management of the unmanned machine. In fact, the internal management reform is needed, and this must be summed up gradually.

"replacing robots with robots in some front-line operators" is actually a process of optimal allocation of human resources. It is a liberation of labor force, allowing people to play their own initiative to do some more valuable work.

Zhang Jun said that although the automation level of some manufacturing enterprises is improving year by year, there still needs to be a process.

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structural adjustment

"China is still in the stage of industrialization. The main direction of employment is still in the industrial field, so there will be strong demand for unskilled and skilled workers."

In a recent lecture on "labor shortage", Liu Erduo, vice president of the school of labor and personnel at Renmin University of China, analyzed the demand structure of such a labor market and strengthened the shortage of migrant workers in today's labor market.

from the perspective of the total supply of labor market in China, the number of new labor force in China began to decline before and after 2010. After 2013, the total amount of labor supply in China began to turn inflexion, and the total number of labor force began to decline.

This means that if we want to fundamentally solve the problem of labor shortage, the structure of the working age workforce in China must be changed.

however, the current shortage of labour, especially the shortage of non skilled workers, is considered inevitable by both practitioners and observers, but there is no need to be too nervous because the market mechanism can automatically regulate this problem. For example, the influx of graduates from secondary and technical schools is a result of market regulation.

but it is imminent to strengthen the training of skilled workers.

"According to China's current industrial structure, China should vigorously develop vocational education and train a large number of senior and senior vocational and technical personnel to meet the needs of Chinese enterprises now and even in the future."

Zhang Jun said that with the continuous pformation and upgrading of China's industry, China's manufacturing industry will pform from labor-intensive "made in China" to "technological innovation in China" in the future, and a large number of middle and senior technical talents will be needed.

Li Yingsheng also believes that strengthening the training of workers has become a basic condition for upgrading the level of industrialization.

However, under the current circumstances, the development of technical schools and vocational schools can not meet the requirements of providing qualified technicians.

According to his analysis, there is a problem of asymmetry between supply and demand structure in China's labor market. In the next period of time, the labor shortage of workers and the employment difficulty of college students will exist for a long time, which urges China to increase investment in adult vocational education and make human capital structure adapt to the new situation. P

at present, the problem of labor shortage is intensifying. At the national level, the problem is being solved.

Yang Zhiming, Vice Minister of the Ministry of human resources and social security of the State Council, held a news conference in February 20th, said P, director of the office of the leading group of the peasant workers working under the State Council, and the government will intensify efforts to solve the structural contradiction between "recruitment difficulty" and "employment difficulty" through measures such as implementing the skills upgrading scheme for migrant workers.

the Ministry of human resources and social security said that 10 million migrant workers should be nurtured to become new industrial workers every year. By 2020, the new generation of migrant workers will be able to get a training of government subsidized employment skills, and basically eliminate the phenomenon of new skilled labor without skills.

in fact, in the path of education and training, China has been developing for more than 30 years. Although a large number of vocational education institutions have emerged, it is often an option for students who fail to take part in the entrance examination and the college entrance examination.

and like Zong Le, graduated from junior high school and entered secondary vocational school. After graduation, it was not a small number of workers assigned to the factory.

After recruiting students, technical schools often cooperate with factories. After graduation, students are placed in the factory assembly line. The value of professional skills can not be reflected, nor can they achieve the goal of upgrading technological capability.

Zhang Jun reminded that vocational education in China should not only see the current market demand, but also focus on the long term, closely integrate with the market and cultivate talents in the enterprise needs, and the shortage of labor to alleviate the need to rely on the market to allocate resources is not a process that can be completed in a short time.