Is Cottage Spirit A Civilian Spirit?

The word "Shanzhai" originated in Hongkong.

Before 1949, Hongkong was an entrepot trade base with almost no manufacturing industry.

After 1949, we suddenly lost the supply of goods from the mainland. We could not play the simple re export trade, and had to make our own manufacturing industry.

Hongkong island and Kowloon Peninsula are already very crowded, and the rental of factory buildings is high. Some processing enterprises have to go to the new territories.

During the colonial period, Hongkong implemented one port and two systems. The port and Kowloon were governed by the British model, with relatively complete infrastructure and long-term property rights.

In the new territories, the state of the Qing Dynasty has basically maintained the status of the end of Qing Dynasty.

Because in the eyes of the British and British governments, Hong Kong and Kowloon are permanently ceded, while the new territories are leased. The lease expires in 1997 and the future is uncertain.

Due to the lack of long-term property rights protection provided by the Hong Kong British government, the factories in the new territories are mostly crude and chaotic. Compared with the regular industrial districts in Hong Kong and Kowloon, the humble factories in the new territories are called "Shanzhai factories" by Hongkong.

These Shanzhai factories accepted a large number of mainland residents who fled the mainland and helped Hongkong pform from a commercial city to an industrial city. After Hongkong's industrial exports accounted for 81%.80 of the total exports in 1970, these Shanzhai factories were gradually pferred to the Pearl River Delta to become the locomotive of the mainland economy.

Regardless of the Shunde model or the Dongguan model, it started from Shanzhai factory. Only the poor and Cantonese do not have the capital to despise them as Hongkong people do, but to honor the "three Hall economy".

At that time, there was no money in the villages and towns to build a regular factory building.

The South of Jiangsu model and the Wenzhou model in the Yangtze River Delta also started from Shanzhai factory.

Normal industrialization needs a reliable system to protect investors' long-term interests, such as intellectual property rights and lending rights.

Under the condition that public services do not provide long-term interests protection, the private sector divides the long-term interests into concentrated short-term interests by reducing the scale of enterprise organizations, but enlarging the degree of industrial agglomeration, and reduces the dependence on the system.

In a word, Shanzhai factory is a phenomenon that the folk spontaneously realize industrialization under the condition of lack of public service.

It is not arrogant or ignorant to compare the Shanzhai factory with the Gang Gang who robbed them.

Why is there no Shanzhai factory in Somalia?

The emergence of Shanzhai factory is not without precondition. At least, it must have the conditions of law and order to respect tangible assets and life, the free employment environment and the cultural background of tolerance.

Like other coastal manufacturing industries, the market of Shanzhai mobile phones is mainly overseas.

To poison consumers, it is also mainly poisoned foreign consumers.

In fact, the quality of products depends largely on the market system, not the manufacturer's unilateral problem.

Shanzhai enterprises can provide qualified products for the European and American markets, and multinational companies can provide substandard products for the Chinese market. Of course, the Shanzhai enterprises will also provide unqualified products for the latter.

With the gradual progress of reform, the gradual improvement of public services, and the accumulation of operators themselves, many cottage factories have been upgraded to regular factories.

But in some areas where the regulation is still very strict, Shanzhai factory still exists.

Although Shanzhai enterprises pay less taxes and refuse to accept standardized management, they create foreign exchange, so the government has left them a way out.

It is not the refugees themselves who want to become refugees. It is the government's responsibility to turn refugees into civilians.

The government should find out the institutional reasons why Shanzhai enterprises do not want to be encouraged.

For example, the value-added tax evaded by Shanzhai enterprises is the main reason for the long-term sluggish domestic demand, resulting in cheaper domestic goods abroad than Chinese, and Chinese people can not afford to buy domestic goods.

It is generally believed that underestimating the RMB exchange rate is the main reason for the exuberant external demand and insufficient domestic demand, but I think the divergence between value-added tax is the main reason.

Export tax rebates will cause foreign trade disputes. In view of the current economic crisis, reducing the value added tax rate of domestic trade is the most sensible way to stimulate domestic demand.

It can be seen that the problems faced by Shanzhai enterprises are global.

A few days ago, the autumn wind wrote that consumer coupons could not stimulate consumption. Only long-term stability expectations could boost consumption. I agree with them.

As long as we open industrial access and reduce VAT rates, we believe that most cottage industries will be encouraged.

Yang Jing: editor in charge