New Competitors In China's Textile And Apparel Market Have Been Formed.

China's current labor costs have exceeded those of the above countries. For example, in 2000, China was in the United States. Clothing market Occupying 39.2%, it dropped to 37.3% in 2013. Similar situations have also appeared in textiles.

"The market share lost by China is occupied by developing countries represented by India". Dr. Liang Yongmei, an industrial Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said at the meeting.

The reason for the decline of China's export market share is related to the rapid rise in labor costs in China. According to the blue book, in the 2003-2010 years, China's labor remuneration increased by 266.7%, not only higher than the growth rate of 50% below industrialized countries, but also higher than that of India's 100% and Brazil's 182.2%.

Affected by this, labor remuneration in China's manufacturing industry exceeded India and Indonesia in 2004, and exceeded Mexico and Philippines in 2008. However, it is still much lower than that of developed countries, for example, the labor remuneration and freedom of China's manufacturing industry in 2010, 14.6% in Germany, 10.5% in Germany and 20.4% in Korea.

For this reason, some experts suggest that China speed up the training of manufacturing industry as soon as possible so that it can transform skilled workers into senior technicians and accelerate the pace of industrial upgrading.

Textile and garment market in developed countries was robbed

According to the above report, the proportion of China's export commodities in the international market has increased rapidly over the years, for example, China's exports surpassed the United States in 2012 and reached the number one in the world. In 2013, China's exports accounted for 11.75% of the world's exports, not only higher than India's 1.79%, Brazil's 1.28%, Russia's 2.76%, but also higher than the United States about 3 percentage points.

Among them, in the field of electronic products, machinery products, ships, automobiles, clothing and other fields, China's market share has increased rapidly. For example, in 1996, Chinese products accounted for 3.1% of the international market share and 21.48% in 2013. The share of China's apparel industry in the international market increased from 22.1% in 2000 to 44.5% in 2013.

However, in the field of clothing and textiles, the promotion of Chinese products in the market share is largely inseparable from China's efforts in developing countries, and the proportion in developed countries is actually decreasing.

For example, in 2010, the proportion of Chinese clothing imported by the United States accounted for 39.2%, compared to 37.3% in 2013. The market lost by China in developed countries such as the United States was acquired by Vietnam and India. For example, the amount of clothing exported to the United States in 2000 accounted for only 0.1% of the total clothing imports of the United States, but the proportion of 2013 reached 10.2%. In the 2010-2013 year, China's apparel market share in the United States dropped by 1.9 percentage points, and Vietnam increased by 2 percentage points.

stay Textile field In 2010, China's textiles accounted for 48% of the US market share, but it dropped to 47.7% in 2013. The proportion of textiles in India increased from 10.3% to 12.4%. The proportion of Vietnam increased from 1.9% to 2.6%.

Liang Yongmei pointed out that the competitiveness of China's textile and clothing is mainly dependent on low labor costs. In recent years, China's demographic dividend tends to disappear, and labor costs will continue to rise, which will greatly damage China's current international competitiveness.

The developing countries represented by India, Pakistan and Kampuchea have become strong competitors in China. This is part of the analysis of international competitiveness.

"From the external factors, the developing countries represented by India are replicating the development mode of China, and they have a lower labor cost, so their rise will have a great impact on China." She said.

She believes that China can continue to diversify and diversify its export market in the next stage. At the same time, we should weaken the dependence on low cost labor force, strengthen brand design, strengthen research and development of high-end fabrics, and avoid low price competition with emerging economies.

　 China's labor costs far exceed India

In the light of Chinese clothing In the case of robbed market share in developed countries, Li Xiaohua, director of the industrial layout Office of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences believes that the fundamental reason is that China's labor cost has already surpassed many neighboring countries.

For example, in 2003 -2010, China's labor remuneration increased by 266.7%, much higher than that of India's 100% and Brazil's 182.2%. Indonesia's 2000-2010 year labor remuneration rose by 214.3% less than that of China.

Affected by this, the remuneration of China's manufacturing industry exceeded India and Indonesia in 2004, and surpassed Mexico and Philippines in 2008. In 2010, wages in China's manufacturing industry were 2.2 times that in Mexico, 2.75 times in Vietnam, 1.8 times in India, and 2.5 times in Indonesia. But it is still only 14.6% of Japan, 10.5% of Germany, 20.4% of Korea and 43.3% of Brazil.

However, if labor productivity is faster, wage rises will be no problem. The reality is that this is not entirely the case.

For example, the labor cost of manufacturing units in the United States dropped from 0.15 in 2000 to 0.11 in 2008. India and Indonesia also fell from 0.053 to 0.054 to 0.038 and 0.041 respectively. Only China and Brazil increased from 0.049 to 0.088 in 2003 to 0.052 and 0.1 in 2010.

In this regard, Li Xiaohua pointed out that since 2000, the labor remuneration of China's manufacturing industry has risen sharply. Due to the rapid increase of labor productivity, the unit labor cost has not risen much.

But with the end of the demographic dividend and the people's desire to enjoy the fruits of economic development more fully, the continuous rise in labor costs is the general trend. "With the stability of the lower cost countries in neighboring countries and the improvement of infrastructure and industrial supporting systems, their low labor cost advantages will emerge."

He believes that the next step is to speed up the training of the manufacturing industry and transform it from skilled worker to senior technician. At the same time, it will promote industrial transformation and upgrading, from the labor-intensive industries in the past, such as capital intensive industries, especially from traditional industries to strategic emerging industries.

Zhang Qizai, editor in chief of the blue book and researcher at the Institute of industry of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, agreed with the above view.

He believes that imports can also be increased, and the implementation of "import substitution" should be carried out to produce products that China can not yet produce and need to import. At the same time, we need to promote cutting-edge technological innovation and cultivate new industries. That is to say, in the process of catching up with the developed countries, their development level will be higher and higher, and the distance from the technological frontier will be shorter and shorter. In the process of catching up, we should also promote the research of technological frontier and cultivate potential new growth points.

"The implementation of the" dual track "strategy is to deal with catching up and leaping relations. The former is to give full play to the existing comparative advantages while the latter is to cultivate new potential comparative advantages. He said.