The Redistribution Of Shoes And Clothing Industrial Structure Is The Absolute Principle For Survival Of The Fittest.

　　 Restructuring of the world's footwear industry, Latin America's emergence in developing countries

From the point of view of employment or economic contribution, Textile industry It is very important for a country's economy. In the middle of twentieth Century, clothing The industry is mainly concentrated in the developed industrialized countries. However, in the past half century, it has gradually spread to developing countries. In the 60s of last century, there was a "structural redistribution" in the textile industry, and the rapid expansion of the textile factories in Asia.

Nowadays, China, India and other countries in Asia have become world-famous producers and exporters of textiles and shoes. At the same time, Brazil and Mexico, as developing countries, have sprung up in the shoemaking industry, and have hit Italy, Spain and other traditional shoe making powers.

In the past 20 years, the average growth rate of the global textile industry is 1.2%. Among them, the growth rate of developed countries with a relatively high level of industrialization is 2.7%, while the growth rate of Asian countries is even higher, reaching 3.6%.

However, many developed countries still retain important textile industries, and their products are mainly faced with high-end market. Thanks to industrial restructuring and modern upgrading, some developed countries still rank among the top ten in the world from the perspective of export value. textile The ranks of exporting countries.

Most of the developing countries producing textile products are also textile exporters. Their share in the global textile market has accounted for 60% since 1970. Among them, Asian countries took the lead and took the lead.

During the cold war, some developed countries entered Eastern Europe and central Europe and attracted subcontracted contracts with local textile enterprises. In the process of OEM, these countries gradually establish their own production chains and become important suppliers in the region.

Shoemaking industry and textile industry Clothing industry Its structure and characteristics are the same, and its redistribution of industrial structure is exactly the same as that of international trade.

The number of shoes produced in the world is 24 billion pairs a year, 60% of which belong to export shoes. Only one Chinese shoe has annual output of about 9 billion 500 million, of which 7 billion are exported to foreign countries. The output of shoes in China and India has increased rapidly. The number of shoes produced by the two countries is far larger than that of Italy, and the output of shoes in Italy has not risen or fallen. Now it has slipped to 400 million pairs a year.

The biggest importer of shoes in the world is the United States, every year. shoes The import volume reached 1 billion 800 million pairs, followed by Japan and Germany. The shoe imports of these three countries account for about half of the world's total imports.

The trade volume of global non sports shoes is about $15 billion a year, of which leather leather shoes account for about 85%.

In the international market, the cheap Asian shoes headed by China have the advantage of low manufacturing cost. Relatively speaking, European shoes cause higher design level and quality, so the production cost is even higher. The typical European shoe producing countries are Italy, Spain and Portugal.

The footwear industry in Brazil is situated between Italy and China. In the past 25 years, the output of shoes in Brazil has increased by three times, and now it has risen to become an important shoe exporter in the world. This benefits from Brazil's strategy of supplying women's shoes to the lower middle class in the United States. Brazil exports $1 billion 600 million worth of shoes annually, of which 70% are women's shoes, mainly exported to the United States. In the American women's shoes market, Brazil shoes accounted for 42%, Chinese shoes accounted for 38%, and Italy shoes accounted for 10%.

Now let me talk about the situation in Mexico. Mexico's textile industry plays an important role in the US market and Mexico's local market. Since the 90s of last century, because Mexico has joined the North American Free Trade Area, the trade barriers between Mexico and Mexico have been eliminated. Tariff free treatment has benefited Mexico textile products.

However, since 2000, China's shoe producing countries have joined WTO, and the Mexico shoe industry has been greatly affected.

The shoe industry in Mexico can be traced back to Columbo's discovery of the new continent. Small and micro enterprises account for about 85%, and the number of employees employed directly or indirectly is 600 thousand. At present, there are about 8000 shoemaking enterprises and 3300 in Guanajuato, Mexico, which play a vital role in Mexico's economy.

Mexico buys an average of 2.5 pairs of shoes per person per year. Of the 250 million pairs of shoes it produces, 200 million are used for export, while the import volume is 600 million pairs. The main export destination of Mexico shoes is the United States, followed by Canada and Japan.

The advantage of Mexico shoes relative to its competitors lies in the perfect supply chain, skilled shoemaking workers and good communication infrastructure. In addition, the price of shoes in Mexico is relatively reasonable, and many traditional shoe manufacturing bases in China support the healthy development of shoemaking industry.

The shoe industry in Mexico is facing the same problem as international competitors. In recent years, the global economic recession has had an impact on domestic and international market demand, and therefore faces a series of challenges. Mexico shoe makers should make some adjustments, such as keeping their eyes locked in boots, because boots are now popular in the international market.

The United States is the most important shoe market in the world. No matter what the advantages of Mexico joining the North American Free Trade Area, Mexico's proximity to the United States and the near superiority of Mexico shoes in the US market are not to be mentioned.

To sum up, Mexico's shoes and textile industry should turn international competition pressure into innovation power and opportunity to adapt to international and domestic market changes, so that Mexico shoes and textile industry can have a bright future.