Xinjiang From "Cotton Restricted Area" To "Cotton Province": Cotton Planting Miracle

In August 17th,

Kong Qingping, director of the crop genetic improvement Laboratory of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and director of the Institute of economic crops, the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, and laboratory staff are looking at the use of genetic engineering.

New varieties.

The cotton industry is one of the pillar industries in Xinjiang.

Over the past decades, Xinjiang has gradually developed from a "cotton restricted zone" to a "cotton province". It has gradually developed into a state-level commercial base for good quality cotton production. For 21 consecutive years, cotton planting area, total output, output per unit area and commodity allocation have been ranked first in the country. Several generations of Xinjiang people have created one after another cotton planting miracle with sweat.

Kong Qingping, director of the Economic Crops Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, is the director of Xinjiang Cotton Association, and has been working on Cotton Breeding for decades.

The 51 year old cotton expert described the cotton planting process in Xinjiang.

One

For a long time, the area north of 42 degrees north latitude has been regarded as "cotton planting forbidden zone" by agricultural experts.

Manasi is located between 45 and 46 degrees north latitude, and no one has planted cotton here in the past.

In the spring of 1950, the regiment troops entered the Manasi reclamation area of the Junggar basin, and the first cotton field was planted in the small turning wasteland, which created a miracle in the "cotton planting restricted zone".

In 1952, the cotton planting area in Xinjiang broke through 1 million mu for the first time, and Xinjiang cotton and related industries have entered a comprehensive development track since then.

However, due to the immature planting technology and the limited natural conditions, it is difficult to raise cotton yield per unit area.

Until the late 70s of last century, the main planting area of cotton in China was still in the Yellow River and the Yangtze River Basin, and cotton yield and total output in Xinjiang simply "could not be taken".

Since the 80s of last century, the research and extension of the new technology of plastic film mulching and cotton short, dense and early planting patterns have made considerable progress in Xinjiang's cotton industry.

In 1980, the cotton planting area in Xinjiang was 2 million 718 thousand mu and increased to 6 million 528 thousand mu in 1990.

The increase of cotton yield is closely related to the upgrading of varieties.

The main length of upland cotton is not long enough and the strength is insufficient to cope with the variety, chaos, miscellaneous and retreat of cotton varieties in Xinjiang.

From 1983 onwards, the economic crop Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences worked hard to breed new cotton varieties. In the past 5 years, four new varieties including long staple cotton Xinhai 5 and 6, Xinlu 1 and No. 2 were cultivated in the past five years, and the cotton germplasm resources of Xinjiang province was compiled. The data of 405 varieties of upland cotton, long staple cotton, medium cotton, cotton and wild cotton were compiled, which provided valuable information for Xinjiang to carry out cotton breeding.

Kong Qingping said: "the geographical conditions of Xinjiang are relatively special. Cotton planting is divided into early maturing areas in the North Xinjiang and early middle maturing areas in the southern Xinjiang.

In order to adapt to the needs of each cotton region, in recent 50 years, Xinjiang's agricultural scientific and technological personnel have produced 208 new cotton varieties, making Xinjiang cotton varieties accelerate the pace of upgrading, and provide varieties support for Xinjiang's high yield and high efficiency.

Xinjiang reported on September 17, 1988 that 4 new cotton varieties were bred in Xinjiang in 5 years.

Two

In order to promote cotton production and quality improvement, Xinjiang has carried out three or four large-scale cotton seed upgrading in recent 30 years.

Every renewal has brought a lot of benefits to cotton farmers.

Bao Yanqing, 56 years old, is a villager of Zhenlong River Village in Da Xi canal, Changji, and has been planting cotton for 20 years.

"20 years ago, for the first time, I tried to grow cotton.

At that time, the cotton fields could not be properly served. They had to draw water and irrigate the land, prevent insects and prevent diseases, hire people to pick flowers, and break the heart all the year round. Only 100 mu of cotton could be produced in an acre of land.

In recent years, with the popularization and application of fine varieties, fine sowing technology, drip irrigation technology, integrated technology of water and fertilizer, mechanized picking technology and other advanced technologies, cotton yield has been getting better and better, and Bao Yanqing's life has been more comfortable.

"Last year, my 60 acres of high standard farmland, all kinds of" new Lu 57 "cotton varieties, the average yield of 300 kg per mu, annual income of nearly 100 thousand yuan.

In the past, when it came to picking up flowers, Bao Yanqing could not help but be nervous.

Whether he can get enough pick up workers and finish the harvest successfully is his main concern.

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the level of mechanized harvesting of cotton in Xinjiang, Bao Yanqing's troubles are easily solved.

"60 acres of cotton, before 6 pick up workers to start early for 40 days to finish.

Now a cotton picker is fully completed in two or three hours.

Bao Yanqing said.

Three

According to the "85" plan of national economy, cotton

The policy of westward migration has been established, and the plan of "building a national high quality commercial cotton production base in Xinjiang" has been incorporated into the "95" plan of the national economy.

Cotton fields in Xinjiang suddenly rose. In 1998, the total output of cotton reached 1 million 300 thousand tons, reaching 1 million 500 thousand tons in 2000, and the goal of base construction was completed ahead of schedule.

Xinjiang has become the largest cotton producing area in the world with the world's influence. It has created the legend of cotton planting area, total output, unit production and commodity allocation in 1994 for 21 consecutive years.

According to statistics, Xinjiang's cotton output accounts for 40-60% of total agricultural output since 2001, and about 35% of the net income of farmers in Xinjiang comes from cotton income.

Cotton has become the most important pillar industry in Xinjiang.

According to the national cotton notarization inspection data, from 2013 to 2014, the total output of cotton in Xinjiang amounted to more than 450 tons, accounting for more than 60% of the whole country, forming the pattern of "China's cotton watching Xinjiang".

"In the world cotton production pattern, Xinjiang cotton area also holds the pivotal status.

Now we are one of the most important cotton producing areas in the world. The total output of cotton is about 18% of the world's total.

Xinjiang long staple cotton has world-class quality and influence.

China supplies billions of shirts to the world every year, and countless cotton products are indispensable to Xinjiang. "

Kong Qingping said that the gradual progress of the "one belt and one way" strategy has opened a new stage of marketization for China's cotton industry.

This is both a challenge and a new opportunity for Xinjiang's cotton industry.

We have great potential to further increase production and develop intensive and efficient industries.

In recent years, especially since the work forum of central Xinjiang, Xinjiang has accelerated the construction of the dominant cotton producing areas and increased the intensity, specialization, organization and socialization of cotton production.

Next, we will focus on the development of suitable cotton and high quality cotton areas, accelerate the planning and construction of 10 million mu cotton high yield and super high yield cotton fields, and move from cotton production base to cotton textile industrial base.

According to the plan, Xinjiang will build an important national cotton spinning industrial base by 2020.

With the westward shift of the textile industry, Xinjiang will become the central area for the development of cotton spinning and garment industry.

Taking Xinjiang as the center, the cotton industry logistics, capital flow and technology flow will form a large pattern of radiation to Central Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and even Europe.