How To Build A Governance Structure To Reduce The Risk Of International Trade Operation?

Chinese enterprises should first identify accurately.

The risks faced by the operation, especially the risks that may cause great losses to the enterprise, then formulate risk response measures, actively respond to the risks that may occur, and minimize or mitigate risks.

The organizational structure of science mainly includes governance structure, management system and operation mechanism. Through the design and operation of such an organizational structure, the risk of international trade operation can be reduced.

Enterprises should establish and improve the strategic decision of international trade development under the leadership of the board of directors, market analysis and prediction under the leadership of the management, information construction and pmission, credit risk management, supply chain risk internal control, assessment and incentive, efficiency monitoring, enterprise culture and enterprise sub culture construction.

。

Large and medium-sized enterprises should design their organization and responsibilities according to the principle of "checks and balances" and "incompatibility".

For example, under the import and export trade organization, at least, the Department of market (information), credit (risk) management, foreign trade and comprehensive departments should be set up separately.

The main responsibilities of the market (information) section are: (1) early warning or warning for import and export business, which is put forward by the credit risk management department, implementing risk control and real-time information feedback; conducting dynamic analysis of various import and export market environment, and forming analysis and forecast reports.

For the board of directors to adjust the import and export trade development strategy and management to adjust the import and export trade strategy, provide decision-making reference; provide reference for the foreign trade department to implement import and export trade operation, raw material preservation and product value preservation; provide information reference for the credit risk management department to implement the credit risk control in the whole process of import and export trade (ex ante, in and after event); provide reference for the financial department to implement "exchange rate changes" in the implementation of currency hedging.

(2) to formulate or adjust export trade plans according to the market and order situation; and to formulate import trade and supply plans according to the production plan.

(3) according to the prediction of exchange rate changes, we should formulate monetary value preservation programs (through foreign exchange futures trading, or forward settlement and exchange, or foreign exchange swap); according to the market forecast, we should formulate a plan for preserving the value of raw materials and products (through futures trading or related products futures trading); implement computer information management in the whole process of import and export trade, and track the price, cost and revenue of the entire supply chain, and provide real-time data on import and export operation effectiveness for the management.

The main responsibilities of (risk) management section are: (1) identify, control, monitor, assess and evaluate risks related to import and export business, such as organizational structure, human resources, business operations, supply chain management and enterprise sub culture construction, and back up these information to enterprise level risk management and control system.

(2) audit the import and export trade plan compiled by the market (information) section, examine the qualifications of the import and export trade customers, examine and verify the import and export trade contracts and the settlement documents under the contract, examine the terms and conditions of the letter of credit (Fu Hui), and sign the product export list.

(3) track the credit status of customers dynamically, implement credit rating according to the performance of customers, and grant different "credit settlement conditions" to customers according to their credit rating results.

(4) implement credit risk supervision, monitoring, early warning and alarm in the whole process of import and export, and recover receivables within one year after the last six months or more, and cooperate with relevant departments to implement the receivables collection and other contract breach handling, contract arbitration or legal proceedings.

(5) carry out omni-directional monitoring and control of the external business of foreign trade, comprehensive and financial departments, and evaluate the satisfaction of customers, so as to maintain the external reputation of enterprises.

The main responsibilities of foreign trade departments are as follows: (1) early warning or warning for import and export business put forward by credit risk management department, risk control and real-time feedback.

(2) carry out the import and export trade plan, conduct credit investigation to the clients, obtain the written materials of the customers' qualification certificates, and carry out the audit.

(3) signing and fulfilling the contract, providing the credit management department with relevant trade documents and the relevant documents under it, putting forward the terms and conditions for issuing the letter of credit, and Issuing the product outgoing list.

(4) to collect receivables within half a year, and cooperate with the credit management department in implementing contract breach, contract arbitration or legal action.

(5) to implement the value preservation plan of imported raw materials and export products approved by the relevant departments and the highest management of the higher authorities.

(6) according to the results of the dynamic tracking of the credit management department, the contract with larger problems will be terminated (or terminated) to fulfill the reasonable requirements of the customers and strive to improve their satisfaction.

The main responsibilities of the general departments are: (1) early warning or warning for import and export business, put forward by the credit risk management department, implement risk control and provide information feedback in real time.

(2) in conjunction with the relevant departments, the import and export goods shall be checked and accepted according to the contract (such as international standards or national standards for the arrival of goods, or industrial standards or contractual standards), and goods that have not been inspected shall not be released (warehousing or outgoing).

(3) according to the dynamic tracking results of the credit management department, the contract for the existence of larger problems will be terminated or terminated.

(4) to examine, evaluate and motivate the economic responsibility system of other departments, and build and manage sub culture of import and export professional system enterprises.

The main responsibilities of the finance department are: (1) early warning or warning for import and export business, put forward by the credit risk management department, implement risk control and provide information feedback in real time.

(2) check whether the terms of "credit settlement" under the contract are consistent with the conditions granted by the credit management section, sign the contract approval list, the product outgoing list, and review the settlement documents under trade terms.

(3) remittance or payment in accordance with the contract (rechecking the terms and conditions of the L / C, handling L / C or other payment procedures).

(4) according to the results of the dynamic tracking of the credit management department, the contract with larger problems will be terminated (or terminated), and the products will be checked out, terminated (or terminated), and so on.

(5) carry out the debt and assets (exchange rate change) preservation plan approved by the relevant departments and the top management at the higher level.

The establishment of an international trade computer management information system is a necessary means to improve the efficiency of import and export trade, reduce human factors and reduce the risk of asymmetric information pmission.

It should be noted that the system must be interconnected with the enterprise network, the information pmission and processing should be smooth, and the "isolated island" of the computer information management system of import and export trade must not be established. The import and export business processes can be implemented at the import and export institutions and the enterprise level to deal with the barrier free electronic information, so as to realize the "information pmission symmetry" between supervision and supervision, monitoring and monitoring.

At the enterprise Internet level, through the computer management information system at the enterprise level, the "information pmission symmetry" of the entire supply chain can be realized, so as to achieve "information pmission symmetry" between the management departments and departments, departments and departments about import and export business, so as to minimize the risk of loss of import and export trade due to asymmetric information pmission.