Research Trend And Development Of Antibacterial Finishing

In the past ten years, antimicrobial finishing has become very important as consumer lifestyles and health and health attitudes change.

The existence and reproduction of microorganisms, such as bacteria, algae, fungi and small fungi (mold, yeast), can cause odor, mildew, fiber degradation and viral pmission.

The new antibacterial finishing has been designed for hygienic finishing (antivirus finishing), deodorization and mould proofing.

The use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents to finish antibacterial finishing of fabrics, or adding biocides in the spinning stage of synthetic fibers, can inhibit the negative effects of bacterial propagation on textile materials.

New antibacterial finishing agents may contain substances that may cause allergies, carcinogenesis, poison or damage to endocrine. Therefore, the use of all biocides needs to find a delicate balance. On the one hand, it can effectively combat bacteria, algae and fungi, and on the other hand, it is responsible for human and environmental safety.

Biological antibacterial agent

The study of natural substances as potential antibacterial agents is on the rise.

Some natural dyes are naturally antibacterial, and their extracts can be used as coloring agents as antibacterial agents for textile finishing.

Synthetic cationic dyes, such as Massillon (Maxilon) Navy Blue 2RM, have inhibitory effects on fungi; chemical finishing agents, such as fiber softeners, Sapamine and OC, and fixative Albafix (A Bai solid) with improved wet fastness properties also have antibacterial properties.

Researchers have comprehensively reviewed the use of natural bioactive products as antibacterial agents, such as chitosan, natural dyes, aloe vera, tea tree essential oil, Eucalyptus essential oil, Azuku bean extract, Herba asparagus, basil leaf, clove essential oil, onion peel and pulp extract, and its herbaceous products (such as Jiang Huang, fennel seed, cypress essential oil and other plant extracts), which are environmentally friendly antibacterial finishing for textiles.

In another study, three kinds of herbaceous plants, Ricinus communis, Senna auriculata and Euphorbia hirta, were extracted by methanol and applied to denim finishing.

The antibacterial effect of mixed antimicrobial agent, castor: Cassia auricula: Euphorbia herb extract =1: 3: 2, was tested by AATCC 100 test. The results showed that the inhibition rate on Escherichia coli was 98% and the inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus was 99%.

In addition, the AATCC 30 test showed that the inhibition rate on Aspergillus niger was 100%.

Using turmeric as natural dye, nylon 66 was dyed with mordant dyes, and the antibacterial effect of dyed fabrics on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) pathogens was studied.

The results showed that ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and potassium aluminum sulfate were used as mordant, and the color fastness of polyamide after curcumin dyeing was excellent and durable.

Lotus leaves, lotus and lotus seeds were extracted by ethanol and used to finish cotton fabrics. Their dyeing properties and antibacterial properties were evaluated.

Fabric treated with lotus leaf extract showed the highest color intensity.

The antibacterial properties were: lotus seed extract > lotus leaf extract > lotus seed extract.

The quality of lotus seed extract was 4%, 40 min at low temperature and 30 mg at low temperature. The antibacterial property of fabric was the best, and the extraction quality of lotus leaf extract was more than 8%.

New technology of antibacterial finishing

In an interesting study, the hydrophilic and antibacterial properties of viscose nonwoven fabrics were improved after ammonia plasma treatment.

With the extension of finishing time, the water contact angle of the finished fabric almost linearly decreased. When the ammonia plasma was treated for 140 s, the contact angle decreased to 90 degrees from the finished fabric at 90 degrees, and remained almost unchanged after that.

According to the results of AATCC 100-1999 test, the antibacterial effect of fabric on Gram negative bacteria (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was significantly higher than that of gram positive bacteria (mainly Staphylococcus aureus and a small amount of Enterococcus faecalis).

Using pure ammonia plasma to modify the fabric surface, it has wide application prospect in wound dressing. It can achieve a cost and benefit balance by reducing infection rate and providing cost effective nursing.

Using complex agglomerative technology, Arabia gelatin coated Artemisia argyi essential oil extracted from Artemisia argyi was prepared, and the average diameter of the microcapsule was 6.42 micron m and the average oil loading was (0.20 + 0.01) mg/mL.

By controlling the release rate of essential oils from microcapsules, the antibacterial activity and antibacterial durability of cotton fabrics against Staphylococcus aureus can be enhanced.

Medical textiles are usually contaminated by pathogenic bacteria in hospitals. If the disinfection process is not proper or incomplete, these pathogens may not be thoroughly removed.

In a recent study, samples of nosocomial infection pathogens were assessed by real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification (qPCR) system, which was used to prove the hygienic standard of textiles in hospital laundry.

The presence of pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be confirmed by qPCR detection. However, the traditional technology commonly used does not detect any results.

In a non culturable state, microorganism tissue, whether dead or alive, can not be detected by traditional technology, but it can still cause harm to human health. Therefore, qPCR detection technology can be used to detect it.

After using the silver chloride with silver content of 30~60 mg/kg to finish the antibacterial finishing of polyester knitted fabrics, an interesting human evaluation experiment was conducted. Sensory analysis was used to evaluate the residual odor. It was found that all the finished fabrics had no stink than the unfinished fabrics.

The smell of the axillary parts of the test fabric was compared with that of the unfinished blank fabric after being worn by male participants.

The experiment was carried out in unwashed fabrics and 30 washed fabrics.

Although it is only in vitro antibacterial test, the number of colonies is not very low.

The dual comparison method is sensitive to testing the fine difference between fabric and unfinished fabric, but the line mark method is considered suitable for evaluating the odor intensity of fabrics because it can be used to assess the difference grade.

In addition to bacteria, sweat, skin cells and other human secretions will also be pferred from human body to textile materials, so it is necessary to conduct human tests.

Using cellulase pairs

After pretreatment, MCT- beta -CD was used for graft modification and bipolishing finishing to improve the graft ratio of MCT- -CD.

Then, the antibacterial group, thymol, was introduced to improve the antibacterial properties of fabrics while improving the washability of finishing.

The effects of different morphologies of nano silver particles, such as spheres, polygons, discs, prisms and layered structures, on the antibacterial properties of cotton fabrics have also been studied.

At room temperature, 25 mg/kg nano silver particles with different shapes were applied to cotton fabric by ultrasonic method.

Non spherical silver nanoparticles, such as polygons, prisms and stratified particles, still have strong bacteriostatic effects on Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) after repeated 5 standard washing procedures.

A new synthetic photosensitive antibacterial agent, hydroxyethyl mirotestosterone, was prepared on cotton fabric by dip rolling process.

Photosensitizers such as benzophenone, Michaelis ketone, and synthetic hydroxyethyl Michaelis ketone (KM-ETOH) are stimulated by 365 nm ultraviolet radiation.

After finishing with photosensitizer KM-ETOH, cotton fabric has better antibacterial and durability than benzophenone and Michaelis ketone fabric. Even after repeated washing, the effect is still the same.

Finishing will result in yellowing of fabrics and a slight decrease in thermal stability.

After pretreatment of cotton fabric, the silver nanoparticles synthesized by in situ reduction of silver nitrate were treated with AgNPs, which had higher deposition density on the fabric surface.

Then silver plated fabric reacts with octyl triethoxy silane (OTES) to form a low surface energy coating on the surface of the fiber.

The results showed that the finished fabric had super hydrophobic properties (contact angle 156 degrees, roll angle 8 degrees), antibacterial and UV resistant properties.

The high antibacterial activity was inhibited by Gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria, and the UV protection factor reached 266.01.

A textile finishing process has been developed to achieve both antiviral and antibacterial functions.

The technology is used to produce infants, child care centers and hospital products to prevent cross infection.

The virus usually causes respiratory diseases in children, especially infants, such as colds, coughs, acute bronchitis, and even pneumonia through infection.

The daily contact between textiles and hands promotes the spread of the virus.

The antiviral finishing includes sol-gel process, in which various organic and inorganic colloids and (nano) copper complexes are first introduced.

Use

It has optimized the finishing effect of textile superfine fiber cleaning garments.

The second method is to use weak acid conditions.

High temperature dip dyeing process.

The copper particles were fixed on the fabric through the cold rolling process with polymer adhesive.

MS2 phage, a non pathogenic alternative virus, acts similar to chemical related viruses (such as norovirus, poliovirus, hepatitis A, enterovirus) and is used as a test pathogen for infection on different fabric surfaces.

After finishing, microfiber garments absorbed 91% of the tested viruses and reduced the concentration of the virus by about 90%.

This method can be used in homes, hospitals, nursing homes, public places (such as canteens), and protective clothing (such as fire brigade, Emergency Rescue Department, military clothing).

Obviously,

There are many ways of processing.

By combining antibacterial finishing with chemical finishing, more functions can be obtained, especially in industrial textiles and clothing terminals, leading to advanced finishing technology and high performance, washable multifunctional products.