"Made In Germany" Enduring Secret: Why Does "Smart Textile" Plan Need To "Slow Down"?

Why can the "German model" win?

In essence, in addition to the perfect social market economic system and strict financial supervision in Germany, the bullish manufacturing industry is the iron fence against the European debt crisis.

But the "made in Germany" aura is not innate. Historically, "made in Germany" experienced a metamorphosis of "Cinderella" from weak to strong, from disgrace to glory.

Germany is a backward capitalist country. It did not start the industrial revolution in 1830s. It was 30 years later than neighboring France. At that time, the British Industrial Revolution was coming to an end.

As the world market was almost divided by the great powers, the Germans who pursued the dream of power were squeezed by the great powers. They copied the products of Britain, France and the United States by plagiarizing, designing, duplicating products and forging trademarks.

In 1876, in World Expo, Philadelphia, "made in Germany" was rated as a "cheap, low quality" representative.

In 1887, the British Parliament passed the new "trademark law" clause, requiring all imports to be marked with the origin of the goods, so as to differentiate the inferior German goods from the high quality British goods.

From that moment on, the Germans began to wake up: the occupation of the global market is not about the cheap products, but the quality of the products.

So we firmly grasped the strategic opportunities of national unification and the second industrial revolution, innovating and forging ahead, and vigorously developing the manufacturing and real economy of iron and steel, chemical industry, machinery, electricity and other industries through the technological pformation of traditional industries and strict control of product quality, and gave birth to a number of world-renowned enterprises such as SIEMENS, Krupp and Volkswagen, and promoted Germany to become the world's industrial powerhouse before the first World War.

The pformation from "made in Germany" to gorgeous pformation is closely related to the cultural inheritance of the German nation.

Rigorous and rational national character has formed the core culture of "made in Germany": standardization, perfectionism, precision, orderliness, focus, pragmatism and credit.

These cultural characteristics are deeply rooted in Si, just like the language of the German nation, complex and precise, grammar and vocabulary can not be a bit vague, as distinct from each other, thus achieving the "made in Germany" legend.

"Made in Germany" has been able to last forever and has always been a leader in the era of globalization, mainly due to Germany's "Trinity" system guarantee.

First, the scientific and technological innovation system.

The strong vitality of "made in Germany" depends to a large extent on the leading product and technology content.

The government of the German government attached great importance to the research and innovation of the manufacturing industry and the pformation of achievements, and focused on the establishment of a scientific research innovation system integrating research and development, achievement pformation, knowledge dissemination and human training.

Its greatest feature is the unity of individuals, enterprises and governments: scientific research personnel produce results, enterprises invest capital, state policies and are responsible for communication and coordination between enterprises and the scientific and technological circles; enterprises undertake 2/3 research funding, and the remaining 1/3 is paid by the federal government and local governments.

In order to make "manufacturing technology" sustainable development in the new economic environment, the German government has established three development goals: "green manufacturing", "information technology" and "high-end manufacturing".

The Germans always believe in the saying: the real determination of the future and destiny of enterprises is research and development, rather than other objective factors that can not be grasped.

Therefore, German enterprises are not stingy about R & D investment, and R & D expenditure accounts for about 3% of the gross national product, ranking the highest in the world.

According to statistics, the top 25 companies in the EU's R & D investment have 11 German companies, ranking the first German Volkswagen's annual R & D fees as high as 5 billion 800 million euros.

Even during the European debt crisis, the German enterprises' R & D investment has not been reduced but gradually increased, even though orders have been reduced. The German economy, which is strongly supported by advanced manufacturing industry, has little impact on the European debt crisis. Instead, it has more vitality and vitality due to continuous technological innovation.

The two is standardization and quality certification system.

Germany has long implemented rigorous industrial standards and quality certification system, and has made important contributions to the establishment of Germany's leading position in the world.

First, the establishment of a comprehensive and unified industry standard. The most important organization is the German standard chemical society (DIN). Its standard covers almost all the domains of construction, mining, metallurgy, chemical engineering, electrician, safety technology, environmental protection, sanitation, fire protection, pportation and home economics. Every year, thousands of industry standards are issued, about 90% of which are adopted by Europe and the rest of the world.

The two is to establish a fair and objective quality certification and supervision system. The most important certification and supervision institutions are NAND technical supervision company, North German technology supervision company and Rhine technology supervision company. They operate independently from the government and other industries. According to the standards such as ISO and DIN, the company's products and manufacturing processes are tested, and certificates are issued for qualified persons.

This not only effectively coordinated the competition among local enterprises, but also ensured the quality of "made in Germany" and promoted the competitiveness of "made in Germany" as a whole.

According to statistics, the German standard creates an annual value of 18 billion euros for German manufacturing.

The three is the dual track vocational education system.

The success of "made in Germany" is inseparable from the dynamic and high skilled workers.

In the process of training skilled workers, Germany attaches importance to the implementation of dual track vocational education, that is to say, schools and enterprises jointly launch vocational education.

Schools are responsible for imparting theoretical knowledge, and enterprises arrange first-line internships and training for students.

The government sets up graduation examination standards for hundreds of professions to ensure the quality of teaching and talent evaluation.

About 70% of young people in Germany will receive dual track vocational education after graduation from high school. They receive practical education from three to four days per week, and professional theoretical study in vocational schools in one to two days. The training time is usually two to three and a half years.

The cost of vocational school education is borne by the state, and the cost of enterprise practical training is borne by the enterprise.

The advantage of this model lies in that the trainees combine the theory with practice to effectively guarantee the high skills needed by the manufacturing industry.

At the same time, vocational training is also an important way to career.

At present, there are more than 350 training jobs in Germany.

What is particularly worth mentioning is that the average wage of German skilled workers is much higher than that of Britain, France, the United States, Japan and other countries, and has little difference from white-collar workers.

It is these skilled workers who turn the blueprint developed into beautiful products and put them on the market, helping German enterprises to remain competitive in the process of economic globalization.

Today, China is just like Germany in the late nineteenth Century, but also a catching up rising country. Although it has become a "world factory" and a big manufacturing country, it is far from manufacturing power.

At present, China's manufacturing industry relies on low cost, high consumption and high emissions to promote the growth mode has basically come to an end. The problems of rising manpower costs, overcapacity, lack of competitiveness in technology and lack of influence of brands have become a serious obstacle to the development of China's manufacturing industry.

Facing many challenges and absorbing the successful experience of German manufacturing industry, it is of great significance for our manufacturing industry to get rid of difficulties and create brilliant future.

First, insist on manufacturing as the foundation of China's economic development.

Before the financial crisis, with the continuous development of global industrial pfer and the rapid development of the real estate industry, the trend of Industrial Hollowing was generally seen in the developed countries of Europe and the United States. The main performance was that the proportion of industry accounted for GDP decreased year by year, and the proportion of GDP, leasing and other services closely related to real estate increased year by year.

While Germany has always focused on the development of industrial manufacturing, the proportion of German industry in GDP has increased by 1 percentage points, and the share of GDP in financial, real estate and leasing services has remained basically unchanged.

It is the persistence and dedication to manufacturing that prevents Germany from suffering after the collapse of the bubble economy.

Therefore, governments at all levels should adhere to the core and basic position of manufacturing in the national real economy, resolutely abandon the concept of quick success and instant benefit, and guide the balanced development of various industries in the process of pferring mode and adjusting structure, and strive to create a social environment conducive to the development of manufacturing industry.

The two is to adhere to the "three in one" run through the whole process of "made in China".

We should actively strengthen the "three in one" system construction of scientific and technological innovation, standardization and quality certification and personnel training, and change the situation of "made in China" for a long time to win in quantity, and truly achieve quality win.

In terms of scientific and technological innovation, we should increase R & D investment, speed up the pformation of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces, and encourage the development of independent brands.

In terms of standardization and quality certification, we must strengthen standard chemical industry as a breakthrough, provide competitive standard support for China's industrial products, stimulate domestic demand and stabilize exports, strive to promote quality certification, and promote the formation of quality responsibilities and responsibilities that are commensurate with economic power status, and improve the international quality image of "made in China".

In terms of personnel training, we should increase professional skills training for professionals, enhance the resultant force of the three links of "industry, University and research" through policy guidance, and establish a market-oriented, enterprise oriented and production oriented vocational education system.

Three, we must adhere to the comprehensive deepening of Sino German manufacturing cooperation to create a strong manufacturing country.

Manufacturing industry is the key area of Sino German economic and trade cooperation.

The manufacturing industry of the two countries is at different stages of development with strong complementarity.

Germany's advanced science and technology, exquisite manufacturing technology, scientific operation and management, excellent product quality, good professional ethics and relatively open technical cooperation provide favorable conditions for mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation between Chinese and German manufacturing industries.

In the first two rounds of consultations between China and Germany, the two sides have reached important consensus on pragmatic cooperation in the fields of advanced manufacturing, vocational education and standardization.

Next, we should actively push forward the German side to jointly implement the results of the consultations of the government and establish an advanced manufacturing dialogue between China and Germany at an early date, and take this as a guide to comprehensively deepen Sino German manufacturing cooperation and promote the upgrading of "made in China".

Why is "made in Germany" tall?

We still have to learn!

"In Germany, the staff strictly enforce the production operation. When installing the machine, the screw is screwed under two or three times. It is difficult to detect any difference on the surface, and it can not be detected. However, after several years of mechanical operation, the gap is obviously manifested."

The German machinery and Equipment Manufacturing Association (VDMA) is the largest industry organization in Europe. It has more than 120 years of history, including 39 industry associations, and the textile machinery industry is one of them.

VDMA is a non-governmental non-profit organization. It is fully organized from the perspective of member enterprises, organizing activities or consulting with the government.

Wen Bin is deputy general manager of VDMA Beijing representative office, and is also VDMA's project manager in China. He is responsible for three fields: textile machinery, clothing and leather technology, and plastic machinery.

As for the operation of the German textile machinery industry, Wen Bin knows well and has his own views.

How can China's textile machinery industry develop better?

Wen Bin, based on the international vision and standing on the contrast of two big mechanical powers in China and Germany, gives unique views.

Why is "made in Germany" tall?

When asked about the secret of "made in Germany", Wen Bin gave two words, focusing on whether he was an enterprise or a practitioner.

According to Wen Bin, VDMA currently has 3100 member enterprises, 80% of which are small and medium-sized enterprises, and 80% of these small and medium enterprises are family businesses, and many enterprises run more than three generations.

"The manager of the oldest member enterprise once joked that" when our family business was founded, it was your Ming Dynasty in China. These enterprises spent hundreds of years focusing on mechanical manufacturing.

So, it's all about whether we can do it conscientiously.

Wen Bin felt very much about this.

Many of the small and medium enterprises of VDMA are not well-known enterprises in the global business camp. Most of these brands are not known to the public as Mercedes Benz or Adidas. But in the field of segmentation, many of them are the world's first in the field, and at least the top three are "invisible champions".

In the course of their growth, these enterprises do not seek expansion of scale, but develop steadily and orderly. Therefore, the foundation of enterprises is very solid.

"Made in Germany" also means Germans' pragmatic spirit.

As we all know, the Germans are serious and rigorous, and this is an irreplaceable advantage for the machinery industry.

"In Germany, the staff strictly enforce the production operation. When installing the machine, the screw is screwed under two or three times. It may be difficult to detect or detect on the surface. However, after several years of mechanical operation, the gap is obviously manifested."

For any enterprise, an old skilled worker has an irreplaceable significance. Germany also shows its own characteristics in this respect.

According to Wen Bin, German enterprises attach great importance to employee loyalty, and enterprises will "keep up with" the number of old employees.

It is understood that many German employees have thirty or forty years of service.

In such an environment, employees are more focused on work and care about how to innovate their work, thus improving the quality and stability of enterprise products to a greater extent.

Of course, German companies are spared no effort to retain staff through various measures, and consider more in terms of wages and benefits.

The so-called "blue collar" and "white-collar", but the nature of the work is different, there is no level of high and low points, and regardless of national policies or corporate policies, allow and encourage employees to adjust the nature of the work, so that they can work in their chosen Posts enthusiastically.

It is understood that under the German education system, people can fully determine the direction of development according to their interests and hobbies, and will not be labelled as "dead wood can not be carved" because they are not good at learning.

If an apprentice in a mechanical enterprise grows with age and experience and realizes that he is interested in mechanical design, he will be able to return to university training. If he gets enough degrees, he will become an engineer.

German enterprises use their own resources and pay no attention to their origins.

"The rapid development of China's textile industry is obvious to all. But for the future sustainable development and innovation and development, we need to strengthen the training of talents. We should strengthen students' self-learning and innovation ability, and the textile industry or textile machinery industry is important if we want to maintain healthy development."

Wen Bin said.

Who dominates innovation is very important.

With the development of China's textile industry, independent innovation has been placed in a very important position.

Most of the innovative projects supported by national policies are urgent needs for the development of the industry, either important basic research, or key technologies in related fields, etc., with directional guidance and industrial development needs.

Germany's innovation system shows a more pragmatic approach. According to Wen Bin, the German government's promotion of innovation projects is entirely market-oriented, launching from bottom to top, the enterprise is the leader, the government is doing the cooperation, and the final result is still returning to the enterprise application. In reality, this mode is very reasonable and effective.

Wen Bin introduced the joint research and development mode of German enterprises in detail.

[initiating] for example, six or seven home textile enterprises have concentrated on the demand for a new material, and are willing to jointly invest 50% of the research funds. They can initiate joint applications by the industry association VDMA to do joint research and development of the project.

[R & D] the VDMA will apply to the government for the other half of the research fund. After the final project is approved, the research funds jointly invested by the government and enterprises will be put into the "third party research institutions" to implement until the end of the study.

[application] these enterprises will be very concerned about the R & D process as investors, and the R & D results will naturally be easily applied to various enterprises, so that no expert evaluation is needed, so we can see if they are "real gold and silver".

[sharing] most of these research results are shared by funded enterprises in signing confidentiality agreements.

But at the same time, in order to encourage innovation, the relevant policies of Germany stipulate the confidentiality of these results. Once the consequences are over, they will be released to the public information platform of the industry, which is shared by the entire industry and enterprises.

"This mode, first of all, ensures that R & D funds will not be" beat the bucket ". Since the enterprises put forward, the R & D market is sure to have a market; a secret agreement has been signed, and intellectual property rights have also been protected; after the R & D results are shared, there will be no more duplication of R & D, saving money and time, and contributing to the common progress of the whole industry.

Wen Bin said, "therefore, the development of German industrial enterprises is on the shoulders of giants."

[see here, Wen Shuai admires...

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Good innovation policy is a strong foundation for the development of German manufacturing industry.

On the contrary, many domestic R & D projects are guided by the government, and some of them are only a result of innovation. The effect of industrialization is not ideal, to a certain extent, they waste resources and manpower.

Some projects, led by enterprises, have very good results and are of great significance for industrial development. However, because research and development results are closely protected by enterprises, they can not play a role in promoting the development of the industry.

We need to think deeply about how to promote innovation and how to make valuable innovations.

Competition has a way.

In recent years, the German textile machinery industry is also changing.

From German textile machinery export data, we can see that 100% German made mechanical products only occupy a part, and some are German technology + made in China.

As the traditional European market has been shrinking, the German textile machinery industry has chosen to pfer to China under the market drive.

But this shift is also selective, mainly depending on market and cost, and will not blindly expand capacity to expand the market.

For example, Ou Ruikang (Oerlikon) has several factories in China, but because of the high technology content of the winding head, it may not reduce the cost in China, so it is still chosen to be manufactured in Germany to maintain the fine performance of the products. The products produced by Carle in China are strictly built according to German standards, so that the products delivered to the customers can maintain good operation status in the whole product life cycle. KarlMayer

It is very reasonable to find out the factors to solve the problem and then go out to win the market by technology.

"German textile machinery enterprises enter the foreign market, do not fight price war, they will only do the best technology, because they understand that the final result of price war is" die. "

Wen Bin suggested, "from ten years ago, textile prices in foreign countries can be seen in this trend, technology is good, characteristic is the right way."

Therefore, I advise the visionary spinning machinery enterprises to prepare for the price war as early as possible. "

In the "going out" of German textile machinery enterprises, they really saw the world. They focused not only on the Asian market but also on the Eastern European market, both on the emerging market and in the traditional market.

In the view of German enterprises, the development of the market is a long-term behavior. It is likely to be too late to find potential markets in advance until it is mature and re entered.

More than 20 years ago, when the Chinese textile industry was just starting, VDMA supported the German spinning machine set up a project in China to select and support the textile majors to study in Germany to help China develop the textile industry.

Twenty years later, these funded talents entered the large textile enterprises in China, and they would naturally tend to subsidized their own German enterprises in the selection of equipment.

The project has now been pferred to other developing countries such as Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

This is the way to open up Chinese enterprises in overseas emerging markets.

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"Sometimes, it's better to learn more about German enterprises than overseas agents, that is, to cultivate talents for the industry ahead of time, and also to guide these future talents to recognize their own equipment on the concept."

Wen Bin said.

Early layout to cope with changes in textile industry

Nowadays, textile is no longer a simple spinning and weaving, it spreads to all fields of industrial category.

For example, carbon fiber, as a new fiber material with excellent properties, can be applied to many fields such as civil engineering, aerospace, automobile materials and so on after weaving. Plastic products also have the relationship of shear and chaos. The raincoat is made of non-woven cloth, and chemical fiber can be pformed with plastic after different processes. The potential of industrial textiles is constantly being excavated, bringing infinite possibilities.

"Twenty or thirty years ago, the textile industry had nothing to do with the construction industry and the pportation industry, but now textile materials are applied more and more in these fields.

In order to save energy, the automotive industry has also begun to apply new materials, and carbon fiber has been realized.

Textile materials have also been used to build bridges. The development of light textile materials is very good. "

Wen Bin said, "if the textile industry wants to expand its horizons, it will have to blend with other industries."

The new material industry provides an opportunity for textile products to enter wider applications.

Whether in textile or plastic industry, the development of new materials has promoted market demand, market demand has further promoted technological innovation, and new technology brought by technological innovation has driven equipment innovation.

At present, the German textile machinery industry is driven by the market to promote the development of new technology and new equipment.

VDMA has set up a forum called new materials to explore cooperation in new materials.

"German guild is not static, but changes with the development of the market. From the association to the member enterprises are guided by the market, so as to be more cohesive."

Wen Bin said.

With the rising demand for sustainable development, German textile machinery enterprises began to pay attention to the effective utilization of energy, and responded to the "blue energy efficiency" (BlueCompetence) initiative proposed by VDMA in 2014.

German textile machinery enterprises believe that as the world leader in textile machinery exports, they have the responsibility to spread the concept of sustainability.

Only when machines, equipment and production processes are efficiently utilized, can sustainability become possible worldwide.

"German spinning machine manufacturers not only consider the excellence, speed or price of the equipment, but focus on sustainable development, including whether the equipment itself can be used for a long time, whether the production process meets the requirements of sustainable development, and whether it can consume energy sources," he said.

Wen Bin explained that for example, when the calender was used, the loss of heat energy was mainly caused by the surface of the non machined part of the heating roller. The isolation of the area would reduce the heat loss by about 30%. The non-woven heat bonded oven would consume heat energy during drying, and could reduce the energy loss through the surface through an insulation layer and a special design method to reduce the thermoelectric bridge.

"This is a long-term consideration, and is also in line with the development of China's textile machinery industry."

Wen Bin said.

In addition to the "blue energy efficiency", the "hot 4" in recent two years was also launched by Germany. According to Wen Bin, it was initially conducted by VDMA, the German communications and Media Association and the German electronics industry association to investigate their respective member enterprises, forming a preliminary concept of "industry 4". The German government upgraded the concept to policy and guided enterprises to embark on the development path of "industry 4".

At the same time, Germany openly expressed its willingness to share "4 of the industry" with China on the specific contents of Sino German cooperation in this area. VDMA will focus on the media in June.

"For the latest development situation, we can pay close attention to it is a good thing.

However, the upgrading of the traditional manufacturing industry needs a solid accumulation. If we are still in the 2 or 3 state, we must remember that we should not blindly pursue 4.

It may be possible to overtake corners, but we must not divide the industry into one size fits all.

Wen Bin said, "at present, China's textile machinery industry has the situation of high, medium and low end coexistence. What we need to do now is to optimize the high-end, enhance the middle end and eliminate the low end.

First we should strengthen the weak links, and automation can pursue intelligence.

Germany's "future textile" plan: Why did we choose "slow"?

Compared with all kinds of bustling of Chinese textile "machine replacement" and "smart factory", Germany's "futureTEX" plan seems to be "slow and hot". In 2024, the first textile intelligent factory was planned to be launched.

Did the Germans get it wrong?

When China's smart factory is rapidly growing rapidly, the birthplace of industrial 4 plans to launch the first intelligent plant in 2024.

Here, it is necessary for us to first understand Germany's "future textile" project.

1. what is the future of futureTEX?

Where did it come from?

"Future textile" is based on the "2025 perspective analysis" made in 2012 by the German Textile Institute in 2012. It was led by the textile research center of the Isaacson region, and was granted special funding from the German Federal Ministry of education and research by applying to the government.

The "2025 vision analysis" was put forward by the German Textile Engineering Society, organized by more than 80 experts, for a whole year, after repeated argumentation from the more than 250 ideas and proposals put forward. The purpose is to put forward the demand and development trend of the textile industry based on the social and economic panorama of Germany in 2025.

Experts from various fields have held five large-scale seminars to pick out 133 creative ideas for the German textile industry in 2025 and 120 new applications for textile materials, and evaluated their technology maturity and market application areas for these ideas and ideas.

This solid foundation enables the German textile industry to be ready for direct entry when the 4 industry is put forward, and it takes the lead in the practice of industrial 4.

It is one of the most deficient tasks in China's industrial pformation to be able to make such a solid effort and focus on planning for a single industry.

In the 2025 perspective analysis, German textile experts put forward the following industry positioning: "let the textile industry continue to be one of Germany's most innovative and dynamic industries".

For specific innovative development issues, there are ten specific breakthroughs: building, clothing, energy, food, health, travel, production / logistics, future urban life and population changes, resource scarcity and climate change.

In every field, the textile industry's innovation (including textile machinery, textile materials, etc.) is of great use.

Experts pointed out that the application of textile products is not limited to clothing production, but has expanded to medicine, construction, pportation and other fields.

For example, for the research project of "sensing carpet" (carpet with sensor function), it can be used for medical detection in the medical field or for safety monitoring in the field of construction.

These far sighted areas of exploration have made many hundred years old factories in Germany bloom.

2. why is the German chariot so slow?

The Germans who take industry 4 as a national high-tech strategy seem to be less efficient in polishing such projects. In fact, they have a clear understanding.

Industrial upgrading itself is an exceptionally complex systematic project, which takes years or even more than 10 years to build.

Such a big project requires the use of various technologies and the power of all parties. It should also co-ordinate different regions and promote multiple objectives (such as advanced technology, good economic effects, environmental protection, personnel training and so on).

To achieve these goals, we need to consider more aspects in the initial planning stage, avoid possible risks, allocate necessary resources, and maximize the cohesion of social consensus.

Since industrial upgrading is such a complex "protracted war", it is not surprising to stand in the planning of the next few decades.

In fact, the German textile industry (including other industries) has a very clear vision for the future direction: on the one hand, they speculate on the status of the industry and the development roadmap for the next ten or twenty years; on the other hand, they use the Retropolation method to make plans, and imagine the 2050 scenarios based on some major domestic and international trends, and then push back to analyze what targets the industrial development of 2025 must achieve.

Through a collision of ideas in two directions, we draw a clear blueprint for the development of the German textile industry.

In the heat wave of industrial upgrading, "China speed" may not be able to develop in individual fields.

However, in this overall strategic plan that affects the fate of the future manufacturing industry in the country, in the current design stage, we need to calm down and carefully consider the relationship between the elements of flavor.

When the heat wave of industrial upgrading is gradually rising, the value of slow thinking and slow down may be no less than the demonstration project everywhere.