Advantages And Disadvantages Of Centralized Accounting In Setting Up A Single Bank Account

First, the implementation of centralized accounting in a region or a system adopts the "four unification" mode of operation, namely, "unified account management, unified accounting, unified fund settlement and unified file management".

The "unified account management", which is the first to bear the brunt, means that all the bank accounts opened by all units should be abolished under the premise that the right to use the funds and the right of examination and approval is unchanged. The centralized accounts and centralized accounting should be implemented by the accounting center in the banks.

There are basically two ways to set up a bank account at present. One way is to set up an entity account for each accounting entity, forming an accounting center group (virtual) account, hereinafter referred to as multi household law, and the other way is to set up an entity account only by means of the accounting center, and set up an internal (virtual) sub account for each accounting unit, hereinafter referred to as a household law.

Our Tongan accounting center chose a household law. From April 1, 2004 to the end of that year, 155 district level administrative institutions were collected in three batches for centralized accounting. The funds and infrastructure accounts of the original 300 units were revoked, and their funds were pferred to a single account.

After more than one year's operation, we have realized that the advantages of a household law are compared to that of many households. The main advantages lie in the following aspects: first, simplifying the opening of bank accounts and the management of bank seals.

How many units will be set up in the multi household law, and how many accounts will be set up in the central bank? How many accounts will be opened in the bank? Every new account will be provided to the bank with a complete set of account opening procedures, and a set of reserved seals should be added. If we want to make these accounts with "group" characteristics or have a certain regularity and scalability, it will add a little difficulty on the cumbersome basis.

Under one household law, all accounting units share a bank account. Of course, they only need to open a household and keep a set of bank seals. In addition, the account number of each unit is set up by the accounting center itself, so that no matter whether the accounting unit is increased or reduced, Laughton does not need to go to the bank.

Two, reducing the difficulty of software vendors.

In order to balance the interests of commercial banks, the accounting center often set up accounts for accounting units in more than two banks. In order to balance the interests of commercial banks, the software vendors must design corresponding reconciliation interfaces for different banking systems, so that the bank reconciliation data can be automatically imported into the capital system.

Whenever a bank's software system is upgraded, the reconciliation procedures need to be modified. In addition, because banks have different format of bills, such as pfer checks, there are several sets of packages to design.

Under a household law, it is easy to imagine the difficulty of software providers for only one bank or one account.

Three, reduced the initialization of the fund group and the number of reconciliation documents introduced.

When initiating capital system, we should input each bank's corresponding bank account and ten digit number of bank accounts one by one. If any bank account is raised, the capital group will reset all the accounts under the bank. Under one law, the capital system will only set up a bank account. The centralized management and unified settlement of the fund will undoubtedly be implemented. At the same time, in order to facilitate "household accounting", the capital group has set up a simple and easy internal account for each unit. This account is the same as the code, account number and database name of each unit, such as 505001, such as 505001, accounting for five units (5), personal labor system (05), and serial number 1 (001). Under the multi household approach

In this way, even if the same problem is encountered, the fund group will only need to set up a new account after upgrading, and then copy the original account in the past. It is not only simple but also easy to make mistakes.

In addition, at the end of the day, when the funds group reconciled accounts, they only need to introduce a reconciliation document, while the multi household law requires banks to introduce several reconciliation documents according to the unit.

Four, to facilitate financial co-ordination of funds.

Under the multi household law, if we want to make use of the funds of the centralized accounting units, we must first find out the current deposit balances of each unit, and then determine the funds of the units to be invoked according to the total amount of funds required, and how much they should be pferred separately. Next, we send the documents to the relevant units, and then we pfer the funds from the root documents to the accounting center of the units.

Not to mention that the amount of money that a unit will reduce immediately because of its account will be more or less unpleasant. We can imagine the efficiency of the call only from the process of the call.

In addition to the fact that every accounting unit has its own internal account, there is a special account called "adjusting households". Its function is to calculate the financial adjustment funds.

No matter whether the finance is pferred or refunded, it is only necessary to put the total amount of funds below one unit in the accounting center, and then make an increase or decrease in the receivables from the "adjusting households".

In this way, the bank account of the accounting center is actually reduced, while the deposit balance on the household account will be reduced in proportion to that of the "adjusting households", while the rest will be not bad, and the funds allocated by the finance will not be clearly identified and there is no need to distinguish between the units actually coming from.

Five, simplifying the pfer procedures between accounting units.

Under a household law, the pfer of accounts between units that are included in the accounting center does not affect the total amount of bank deposits. The accounting group only needs to choose the way of settlement as "internal pfer" and print a quadruple "internal pfer notice" (self-made documents) to the fund group. After receiving the funds group, the account receivable bank and the payment party bookkeeping Union are handed over to the relevant accounting group respectively. The exchange of bills and the pfer of funds are immediately realized. It is obvious that it is convenient and fast to pfer the check to the bank without the need of multi household law.

Six, the deposit of the accounting unit can be reasonably overdrawn.

For example, the special needs of a unit's budget approval should be arranged immediately, or the year-end bonus should be sent to the workers before the Spring Festival. At that time, the financial resources may not be allocated in time, and the deposit balance of the unit itself has been zero or insufficient to pay. At this point, a household law can easily make the unit overdraft to meet the needs of those urgent and important matters, and also alleviate the financial pressure to a certain extent. This is also unmatched by the multi household law.

In this way, a household law seems to create a win-win situation for commercial banks, software developers, accounting centers, financial departments and accounting units.

但是，一戶法也并非是完美無缺的，若干家單位共用一個 “XX會計中心” 的賬戶名和賬號，也存在如下幾個弊端：首先，一戶法對于核算單位的收款和付款都是一個障礙，收款進來，會計中心分不清該入哪家單位的賬；付款出去，對方又搞不懂收到的究竟是誰的錢Ｎ嗣植拐庖蝗焙?，晤U腔峒浦行牡淖齜ㄊ牽旱焙慫愕ノ籄作為收款方且對方又是采用轉賬的方式時，對方要將進賬單的收款單位直接寫成“A單位”，或者仍寫統一的賬戶名，但摘要里一定要注明具體收款單位，如“撥付A單位經費”；而如果對方S單位是采用現金繳款的方式，除了要寫上諸如“S單位繳A單位鑒證費”這樣的摘要，還必須將該現金繳款單交給A單位到會計中心進行收入報賬。

Of course, if the accounting center makes such a special and complicated writing requirement, it is necessary to consult with the bank in advance, then notify the accounting units in the form of documents, and then inform the related units one by one by the accounting units, so that when the account is opened to the accounting center, it will not be refunded because of the "account name and account number discrepancy".

Nevertheless, in operation, especially in the early stages of operation, there are still various kinds of "status": either the payment bank can open up the corresponding account name immediately without changing the account name, or the payment unit does not pay the bill according to the requirements, or the payment unit does not hand over the cash payment form to the accounting unit.

When the accounting unit A is the paying party, our accounting center stipulates that the accounting group should make specific payment units in the summary of the accounts, for example, "A units purchase computers" so as to let the other party know where the money comes from.

It can be seen that a household law has little effect on the payment business. However, there has been such a situation that individual units are invoicing the accounting center as customers because the payment unit is "XX accounting center".

Secondly, a household law not only increases the difficulty of reconciliation, but also fails to provide accurate and accurate bank statements for each unit.

Under the multi household method, the bank provides an account reconciliation document for each accounting unit per month according to the account number. The fund group can use the conventional method such as "money plus direction" to make automatic reconciliation, and the bank balance adjustment tables of various units are also automatically compiled, with fast speed and accurate results.

Under one household law, the bank can only provide a bill with all the accounting units mixed together, so the fund group can only rely on the manual way when it accounts for the payment data of the past by the accounting unit. The amount is equal and the opposite direction is not two. The data of the two parties should be judged to be the same accounting unit according to the summary; moreover, the balance sheet of the balance between the two sides and the balance sheet of the bank deposit after the completion of the account is only aimed at the large account of the accounting center.

However, each accounting unit is an independent accounting entity and budget unit. It is very necessary to issue a bank statement to them, and the premise that a law can be put into practice is that all the data on the bank's bill can be decomposed to various units.

However, in the practice of a household law, there are more or less accounts receivables that have not been collected every month, some of which can not be seen from the information provided by banks, and some of them even have no knowledge of the other units.

Therefore, our center's current practice is: as each accounting business from the accounting group corresponds to an internal account (unit code), at the end of the month, the funds group will filter out the bank data of each unit from these data, and make the right "check the bill" to the accounting group reconciliation.

Obviously, such a bill is not worth considering, because in the account of the accounting group, it is the bank account of the unit, and there is no value for reconciliation at all.

Third, the processing of entrusted collection business is insufficient.

This is mainly manifested in two aspects: first, when handling the receivables such as water and electricity charges, social security and taxes, the accounting center will spend a lot of time and energy in coordination with taxation, telecommunications and so on because the payment units are inconsistent with the name of the actual deductions. In addition, the entrusted receipts of all units are deducted from the accounts of the accounting center, and only when the total amount of the deposits is sufficient, can the individual units "eat big meals" and cause unreasonable overdraft.

Fourth, unable to calculate the deposit interest of each unit.

Under the multi household law, the bank interest of each unit is generated in its own account. Under one household law, the bank is only responsible for calculating the interest of a single account, and if the accounting center wants to break it down to various units, it will be a thankless task.

At present, because of the small number of self supporting units in our accounting center, we have adopted a way to avoid the need to pay attention to it, that is, the bank interest is included in the internal account of the accounting center (as an accounting unit), and then turned to the financial account in full.

To sum up, the centralized accounting only opens a single bank account, which has many advantages. It can lay a good foundation for the final implementation of centralized treasury payment. But there are also some serious shortcomings. It is understood that Fujian has only adopted our Tongan accounting center.

Setting up a single bank account is most conducive to the implementation of centralized accounting. I believe that it is necessary to combine the actual situation of the local areas, such as the functions of accounting software, the nature of the units involved, and the needs of finance, etc., and weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the above aspects, and then draw a conclusion.

Liang Yulian, Xiamen (Tongan District Accounting Management Service Center)