Accountant: Advance With Business

The history of accounting is almost as old as that of human civilization.

Accounting is the only common language in the long and complicated history of global business.

The outstanding accountants represented by CFO are less and less like pure technocrats. Behind the beautiful performance figures are the sum of moral, technological, strategic and social relations.

Gary Giroux, a famous American accounting professor and author, pointed out in his world-renowned "A Short History of Accountingand Business" that monopoly, price fixing, speculation and market manipulation are the leading role in today's business story, just like the collapse of the market in 1929 and the great depression in 30s.

The failure of the big market has led to the emergence of a more tough government and the enhancement of compliance requirements, including the promotion of securities trading market and accounting requirements.

The historical evolution of accounting is closely related to financial rules, taxation and management decisions.

The history of accounting is almost as old as that of human civilization.

It was the accountants' pioneers who invented bookkeeping, developed money and banking, and created the double entry bookkeeping method, a booster for the great renaissance of Italy.

Despite the fact that inventors and entrepreneurs are not cost accounting in the ensue of the industrial revolution, there are almost no exceptions to those who survived the great depression. They need accounting experience to succeed and avoid bankruptcy.

The rise of accounting industry, which started in nineteenth Century, has benefited commercial and inventors at that time.

Especially for big enterprises, banks and institutional investors.

In those days, accounting experience provided credibility for complex financial pactions.

The process of industrialization and commercialization directly changed the way for enterprises to accumulate wealth. Instead of relying solely on the way of profit, they gradually replaced the rapid expansion of capital. Especially in the boom of railway construction, the demand for capital market was generated by economic activities. The capital market was complex, global, and did not rest for 24 hours, and its development depended on precise financial information. The demand for information sources promoted the rapid development of accounting industry.

The first eight big accounting firms appeared in London in the middle of nineteenth Century.

But in 1929 and then the Great Depression proved that the capital market, business and accounting practices were problematic at that time.

The economic recovery plan launched by the Roosevelt administration has laid a foundation in many aspects of accounting practice today.

In this process, accounting has evolved into an important profession.

As Gary discovered, the development of accounting history is always accompanied by the progress of information technology.

Cost accounting and engineers in Britain and the United States developed computing and reporting technology, enabling entrepreneurs and executives to easily control their huge business empire at the head office.

"In this process, with the fight against corporate control and the fight against competitors, whether these battles and struggles are illegal or not moral is not known, but in any case, accountants are active participants.

Cost accounting or auditing technology played a key role in the US economy in the first half of the twentieth Century.

The earliest electronic computers were invented to help win the Second World War.

But in the 1950s, people began to make efforts to apply this technology to automatic calculation in the accounting field.

At this point, a globally integrated real-time information system will soon appear. It indicates that the new accounting system will replace the double entry bookkeeping method, and the new and widely accepted accounting standards will soon emerge.

The competition between accounting industry and business is becoming more and more serious, and the relevant norms, laws and regulations are more severe and professional ethics are more and more important to the healthy development of the commercial society. The role of accountants and accountants as the "third party" institutions in neutralization and protection is becoming increasingly prominent.

In Europe, accountants have always been a highly respected profession. In recent years, domestic certified public accountants have become more and more popular with the development of economy.

In this regard, Liao Zhongmin, chairman of the Beijing Committee of the Australian Institute of accountants, analyzed the reasons for the shortage. There are three main reasons: first, in recent years, the vigorous development of enterprises, the increasing number of registered businesses in China and the frequent commercial activities of enterprises have increased their demand for accounting and auditing services. Second, the convergence of Chinese accounting standards and international financial reporting standards has raised the requirements for internal audit and corporate governance. Third, the number of listed companies has increased.

As a Certified Public Accountants Association of China's statutory industry organizations, the Chinese CPA Association (hereinafter referred to as CPA) is going to issue a clear guide to the requirements of Chinese Certified Public Accountants (CPA).

According to Chen Yugui, Secretary General of the Chinese Institute of certified public accountants, "becoming a certified public accountant in China is also important in terms of professional qualifications and professional ethics.

Independence, objectivity and impartiality are the core values of certified public accountants.

Firstly, the accounting industry has the function of guiding the rational allocation of social resources.

Without real and accurate accounting information, enterprises and even the state can not make decisions; secondly, the accounting profession is a link in the chain of social integrity, and is also an indispensable factor for building a harmonious society.

Chen Yugui explained.

In interviews and surveys, we found that morality, learning ability and human resources have become the three necessary conditions for accountants to perform their duties today.

Management accountants are very important jobs in most multinational companies.

Because accounting, especially management accounting, is an effective tool for measuring and measuring company performance and for horizontal and vertical exchanges between companies.

Through the efforts of accountants, monthly, quarterly and annual reports and statistics provide a strong basis for company managers to make strategic decisions.

Therefore, accountants must be the most trusted people in the company.

According to MartinFahy, Asia Pacific Development Director of the Royal Chartered Institute of management accountants, as more and more people emphasize corporate governance and core competitiveness, more and more companies expect their internal financial departments to play their dual functions: ensuring corporate governance and effectively managing corporate performance.

In addition to ensuring that the company's financial operation compliance, disclosure of financial reports and risk control are traditional duties of the internal accounting department, enterprises need more financial personnel to play a more active role as a business partner to provide more decision support and enhance shareholder value.

And the foundation of realizing these dual functions is the noble professional ethics of accountants.

Ouyang Xia, now chief financial officer of Kerry Group China, has held an important position in the Irish headquarters of Kerry Group and NOKIA (China) company.

In his early 30 years, he had already been placed in the position of chief financial officer of China, a well-known multinational company. Ouyang Xia's experience really has reasons to admire his colleagues.

Talking about its good career development path, Ouyang said: "hard work and learning, honesty and integrity are the good foundation for gaining trust in the company."

Ouyang Xia worked for a year and a half at kerry ireland headquarters.

"I often spend my weekends studying and preparing for CIMA in my office.

The Group Controller at headquarters has the habit of checking the mail on the weekend to prepare for next week's work. It happens that he is also a member of CIMA, so she met with some opportunities to exchange experiences.

I was impressed by my good learning.

In addition, "I usually finish every task he asks for, no matter how difficult it is.

My hard work and no fear of setbacks made him trust me very much and gave me the opportunity to fully display his talents in company affairs.

The successful example of relying on diligence and integrity is not just a unique landscape of a multinational company. Many entrepreneurs and CEO in the interview say that the integrity and integrity of accountants are even more important for enterprises than superior financial and capital operation skills.

Because "they have the lifeblood of the company."

Many search companies and recruitment websites have rated accountants' careers as the most attractive and promising gold medal careers in the next 5~10 years.

The professional institutions of China have also made optimistic estimates of the future of Chinese accountants.

According to the payroll statistics of Chinese accountants in 2007 in the 8 issue of the Australian Journal of INTHEBLACK magazine Asia Edition, the salary of accountants with profound financial and management background is really enviable.

In view of this, Dr. Sebastian Bombaci, chairman of the business management association of Hongkong branch of the Australian Institute of accountants, said: "the Chinese government has soberly realized that it is time for Chinese enterprises to get rid of the bottom of the value chain and advance to the upper reaches of the value chain."

According to the interview and the study of the chief financial officer magazine, the rapid development of China's economy has more urgent demand for professional accountants than "quantity".

The huge gap not only makes domestic accountants training in full swing, but also internationally renowned accountants and professional groups have landed in China.

From the earlier ACCA to the subsequent AICPA, CFA, CIPFA, CPA (Australia), ICAA (Australia), ICAEW, ICAS, and so on.

It's not easy to qualify.

According to Chen Yugui, at present, there are two kinds of international qualification examination for Accountants: one is "the process of examination is the process of training", emphasizing the combination of learning and practice, emphasizing learning while practicing.

At present, foreign accountant qualification accreditation mostly belongs to this category; the second category, although there are no rigid rules for students' practical experience during the examination period, such as those who want to prepare for Chinese CPA qualifications, can apply only if they have a college degree and have the knowledge and skills required for CPA five examinations.

But Chen Yugui pointed out in particular that "knowledge here" emphasizes the professional judgement of combining theory with practice.

Even if it is a "hard won" accountant qualification, it is still not enough for the trainees to continue to compete in the accounting and business circles.

The business environment is always changing. In order to meet the needs of business and social development, the qualification requirements of accountants must be constantly adjusted.

From the perspective of accountants, we have comprehensive qualifications and the most complete knowledge system. First, we can develop together with enterprises and be able to perform their duties in different stages of the development of enterprises. On the other hand, a diversified knowledge and experience background will win more extensive career development space for us.

Zhao Zhongling, chief financial officer of Shell asphalt Co., Ltd., told reporters: "in addition to having CIMA certificates, I am now learning ACT (Association of Corporate Treasures) certificate, the British corporate treasurer Association, which gives me more expertise in capital management and finance.

I think that having two certificates of CIMA and ACT basically has the knowledge system and ability of an overseas listing company CFO. "

Zhao Zhongling's experience is very typical, and he works and studies in the professional managers of multinational companies. He even gives up his superior job and goes abroad for further study. After he has completed his studies, his career development path is very common.

"Being an excellent multinational company professional manager will continue to be the direction of my efforts in the future.

To be a good manager requires many aspects of quality and a long time of training. This is also a process of continuous learning.

I believe that it is never too old to learn, and that life will always be brilliant.

Ouyang Xia said frankly.

Almost all interviewees emphasized the concept of lifelong learning.

Chen Yugui emphasized: "the industry association is actually a school, and training members is an important function of the association."

The CPA revised the CPA continuing education system in 2006. It clearly stipulated that CPA should continue to be an examination cycle every two years, and that the duration of continuing education received in each assessment cycle should not be less than 80 hours.

Failure to complete educational time will be punished by the association.

In today's business environment, the concept of life-long learning is not limited to the continuous improvement of accounting, finance and business management, and the learning needs of communication skills and business etiquette are also gradually concerned by senior professional managers.

The main reason for this is that extensive connections and good communication skills are indispensable in today's business world.

Therefore, provide continuing training and internal communication opportunities for trainees and members to help them acquire professional skills needed for business development.