China Reemphasizes "&Nbsp" As A "National System" For Technological Innovation.

China announced the key work plan for deepening economic restructuring in 2010. It stressed the need to explore and improve the "nationwide system of technological innovation" to comprehensively promote the construction of the national innovation system in 2010.

Analysts pointed out that this will help China focus on superior resources to overcome major scientific research projects, and will undoubtedly accelerate the pace of China's entry into an innovative country.

In 2006, the outline of the national medium and long term scientific and technological development plan put forward 16 major projects, including: large aircraft, manned space and lunar exploration project, new generation broadband wireless mobile communication network, large scale advanced pressurized water reactor and high temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear power station, major new drug discovery, AIDS and viral hepatitis and other major infectious diseases prevention and control. They are undoubtedly the main focus of China's realization of "leapfrog development" of science and technology.

Duan Yibing, a researcher with the Institute of science and technology policy and management science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that China's emphasis on the "national system of technological innovation" focuses on the major scientific research projects represented by these 16 specialties.

Analysts pointed out that the "whole nation system" can give full play to China's advantages of "concentrating on major tasks" and achieve a major breakthrough in scientific research at relatively fast speed. Projects such as "two bombs and one star", manned spaceflight, lunar exploration project and so on, which were proud of the Chinese people were completed under the "national system".

Before the reform and opening up, China's science and technology system was managed by central planning. Its outstanding advantage is that it can mobilize and centrize limited resources to strategic target areas and solve major scientific and technological problems, which is called the "whole nation system". After the reform and opening up, with the development of economy and society, the basic role of market allocation of scientific and technological resources has been brought to a greater extent.

In 2006, the Chinese government promulgated the outline of the national medium and long term scientific and technological development. It clearly pointed out the key areas to choose a certain foundation and advantage, and related to the national economy and people's livelihood and national security. The representatives of these key areas have become 16 major projects.

On October 2008, State Councilor Liu Yandong pointed out that the national system should be perfected and innovating, and the leading role of the government should be perfected, and a multisectoral cooperation mechanism and cooperation platform at the national level should be established to support the development of major projects.

In addition to promoting major projects, reconsideration of the "national system" is also related to the domestic and international environment in the post crisis era. Zhang Liqun, a researcher at the Ministry of macroeconomic development of the State Council Development Research Center, said that after the outbreak of the international financial crisis, all countries in the world are trying to accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development through scientific and technological innovation, and China must keep pace with it. In addition, China's domestic market demand needs to be expanded. We must find new economic growth space through scientific and technological innovation. {page_break}

Wen Jiabao, premier of the State Council of China, said in a speech entitled "science and technology leading China's sustainable development" in November last year, "all countries are competing for the commanding heights of science and technology. The world will enter an era of unprecedented innovation and industrial revitalization. We must achieve leapfrog development in this competition and narrow the economic and technological gap with developed countries.

Hu Angang, director of the center for national conditions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Tsinghua University, said that after missing the first and second industrial revolution and taking part in the third industrial revolution, China should strive to become the main promoter of the next revolution and win the initiative and competitive advantage of long-term development.

In addition, the reintroduction of the "national system" will also help to reinforce many "soft spots" in China's scientific research under the market economy. The huge cost of technological innovation is often a deterrent to Chinese companies. According to statistics, the R & D investment of Chinese enterprises accounted for only 0.84% of the total sales revenue of enterprises in 2008, while the developed countries were at least 3%, and the gap was very obvious.

"Under the market economy environment, the interest relations of various subjects related to scientific research have changed. If the principle of profit maximization is taken into consideration, it is very difficult for scientific research personnel to participate in scientific research in accordance with the strategic needs of the country." Duan Yibing said.

Although China has been called "the world factory", it is "big but not strong" in many industries and lacks core technology. Take the automobile industry as an example, China's existing high-end cars are basically foreign brands, and their own brands account for only 25% of the total car sales. Even for cars developed and produced by China, many key components are mostly foreign brands, such as engines and gearboxes.

This backward situation has attracted the attention of the Chinese government. Premier Wen Jiabao once said, "great strategy and high technology can not be bought and bought. If China wants to seize the commanding heights of future economic and technological development, it can not always follow and imitate others, nor can it wait for technology transfer. It must rely on its own strength to produce original achievements.

Facing the arduous task of innovation and fierce international competition, relearning the historical experience of the "whole nation system" will undoubtedly become a new source of inspiration for China's science and technology policy. Mei Yonghong, director of the policy and regulation department of the Ministry of science and technology of China, said that the "national system" is closely related to China's national conditions.

"China's science and technology level is relatively backward, investment is insufficient, and leading and leading talents are scarce. Under such circumstances, we must not decentralization, but to form a more coordinated and unified 1 in the key areas: the whole nation system. This is not contrary to the fundamental role of market allocation of science and technology resources. " Mei Yonghong said.

He also said that many people understood the "national system" as a unique system in China, which is very one-sided. In implementing the Manhattan plan, the moon landing plan and the missile defense system, the United States adopted the "whole nation system" in the fifth generation of computers and electric vehicles, and concentrated on the national advantageous resources to tackle the problem.

"In the field of strategic emerging industries, whether we can combine China's institutional advantages with market economy will directly determine whether we can succeed in the end." Duan Yibing said.