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What Are The Politeness Principles In Intercultural Communication?

2010/11/11 13:39:00 389

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Intercultural Communication Politeness Principle Cooperative Principle Realization Strategy Cultural Identification

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Politeness principle

A lot of research has been done by predecessors.

Grice, an American linguistic philosopher, proposed in 1967.

cooperative principle

He sums up the principles that the speaker and hearer abide by in conversation, which are quantitative, qualitative, relational, and standard.

In 1980s, on the basis of Grice's "cooperative principle", from the perspective of rhetoric and stylistics, the English linguist Ricci put forward the famous "Politeness Principle", including appropriateness, generosity, praise, modesty, Concord and sympathy. Its core content is: making the best of oneself and making others gain, in order to get the favor of the other person, so as to make the communication proceed smoothly and gain greater benefits from it.

"Politeness Principle" and "cooperative principle" complement each other in people's daily communication. They are widely used to describe the use of language, and they are the strategies that people try to observe and maintain in conversation.

Politeness is a universal phenomenon. It is shared by all social groups and is a kind of individualized communicative principle. It is subject to different cultural backgrounds of different linguistic groups.

Therefore, "Politeness Principle" is flexible and diversified in intercultural communication.

In intercultural communication, if the cultural values of the speaker and the listener are very different, or even completely unacceptable to each other, polite words may hurt each other, resulting in communication failure.

Therefore, in successful cross-cultural communication, dual culture is more important than dual language, because words only have meaning in the culture they use.

The two cultures of China and the West have different politeness criteria.

Strategy for implementation

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Chinese culture values modesty, while western culture emphasizes Appropriateness.

The modesty principle requires people to minimize their praise and try to belittle themselves.

Western culture believes that it is polite to accept the compliments of the other person without prejudice to the face of the other person.

Therefore, Westerners tend to express their joy and gratitude to compliments, and adopt a way of catering instead of negating them so as to avoid revealing embarrassment to compliments.

Most Chinese people used to deny that they advocated "modesty" and "humble self respect", but this practice would bring face threats to Westerners.

The "Politeness" in Han culture is rooted in the tradition of "ritual" in Confucianism, emphasizing "depreciating self respect" and "moderation" and advocating modesty; while western culture is deeply influenced by the tradition of freedom and equality in the west, emphasizing individual and personal values, and promoting personal confidence and seeking truth from facts.

Different cultural psychology and manners affect the intercultural communication between English and Chinese in two languages.

If some Chinese culture considers polite and polite words to be brought into English conversation, such as "please come to my humble home" and so on, it will only make English native speakers feel puzzled.

In doing so, although the modesty criterion is observed, it will affect the smooth progress of communication.

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In addition, Westerners hold an independent view of themselves, which has relatively independent and fixed core. Therefore, Westerners pay attention to privacy and independence in communication. They always emphasize personal face from the standpoint of individualism.

The Chinese have a dependent self view, which has no relatively stable core. The relationship between others and themselves is not so clear and distinct. The core of the self is determined by the relationship between oneself and others. Only when the ego is put into the proper social relations will it be meaningful to become complete. Therefore, Chinese culture attaches great importance to participation and the relationship between individuals and groups, and pays attention to the sense of collective honor. In communication, they tend to emphasize group faces from the viewpoint of collectivism.

Another characteristic of Chinese cultural self view is that family ties are the yardstick of communication and abide by the code of consanguinity.

For example, Chinese people like to ask private questions or disclose their private affairs unreservedly when communicating. Because according to Chinese politeness tradition, understanding private affairs is a force made by a communication party in order to shorten the horizontal distance with the other side, indicating that the other party is positioned in a relatively close position from the main body of communication.

Context is the condition for the use of language. Naturally, it is also a condition for the implementation of the politeness principle.

To be polite in a certain context may appear impolite in another context, and vice versa.

Context, especially the social and cultural factors in context, such as power and social distance, restrict the politeness principle.

For example, those who have no power speak with those who have power, and their politeness is higher than those of powerful and powerless ones.

And social distance also affects the degree of language politeness. The greater the social distance, the greater the politeness degree of the two sides, while the smaller the contrary.

To sum up, we can see that the main reason for the failure in cross-cultural communication is that the two sides have not obtained the fault.

cultural identity

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Cultural identity is the consensus and recognition of human tendency towards culture. It is the sublimation of human cognition of nature and the ideological criterion and value orientation governing human behavior.

In cross-cultural communication, cultural identity is mutual, and human needs this mutual cultural identity in order to pcend cultural barriers.

The principle of cultural identity can be regarded as a pragmatic principle guiding intercultural communication.

In the future, more and more cross-cultural communication, we must pay attention to the cultural convention of politeness principle, deal with the relationship between the norms in the politeness principle and the communication distance, and strive to achieve the identification between different cultures. Only in this way can we maintain and maintain certain intercourse distance to achieve the desired communicative effect.