Looking At The Mode Of Management Structure From The Perspective Of History

The mode of Han Dynasty -- superposition of mother and son

A county in the Han Dynasty corresponds to a small central government, and a county in the Han Dynasty is also equivalent to a small central government.

In the Qin Dynasty, the prime minister mansion had a group of censors.

History is historian. Historians at that time did not really do historical research, but archivist.

The word "Shi" is a person who holds a pen in his hand, that is, the person who writes.

These are the people who write in the prime minister's office. They are sent out to collect information everywhere.

Similarly, the county level is the same, the county has its Cao Cao to collect the next level of information, the county level by the postal service to collect information at the township level, which is parallel to the hierarchical structure of the whole side of a bypass.

After the invention of the bypass, it became a norm in China.

In the west, I once knew that the ancient empire of the two rivers did not have such a system. The ancient Egyptian empire did not have such a system, nor did the ancient empire of Rome have such a system. This is quite a set of structures.

The West has not yet fully adopted this thing until recently, but the company structure has begun to exist. Sometimes it is called coordinator, also known as visitor. The company sends a special person, often referred to as troubleshooter, to solve the difficulties.

Sometimes it is wrong to see the products sent below, or if they see the wrong turnover, they send troubleshooter, which is temporary and not fixed.

Troubleshooter also has no real power, but knows a lot of things and is often a very capable person.

I notice that Chinese engineers in the US are very hard to be managers or supervisors, but many of them are troubleshooter.

Many of the engineers I know have a bad trip every week. Business is to collect information, or to bring instructions that are not clearly stated in the phone or e-mail, and to go to the front to show that this kind of person is equivalent to the same kind of personnel we speak about the history, the Cao and the postal service.

Second special points invented by China are also rare.

The local government of the Han Dynasty had a group of cadres, serving as various functional posts in the county government or county government, such as Cao, usually chosen by local people.

The electoral system of the Han Dynasty is quite special. It selects local elites and competent people from the local people to serve as management staff at the county level.

But the director must avoid his native place. He is absolutely not local and avoids his local relationship.

That is to say, the directors sent can not be affected by local special interests, but local cadres will fully reflect the local situation to the supervisor.

These personnel will become candidates for central election cadres in the future.

Every year when the local government sends its plan (that is, its work report), the prefect usually chooses the most competent (usually younger) person and brings his work report to the capital.

The prefect usually recommends this person for central employment.

The central government left officials to serve as Lang.

There are one thousand or two thousand Lang people in the central government.

This is a reserve officer who will be senior official in the future.

The localstaff provides local information, while officials from the central government can avoid the local party and local special interests.

This phenomenon exists in

Are there any similar phenomena in today's enterprises? At present, we see a very close phenomenon: Taiwan businessmen set up factories in Shenzhen, Dongguan and other places, and thousands of workers are frequent. But Taiwanese businessmen will bring engineers and workshop supervisors who have been trained in Taiwan.

The Taiwanese cadres themselves brought to Taiwan were equal to the Han Dynasty's evasion of their native members. Their interests were the same as those of their bosses, and their languages were interlinked, and their families were still in Taiwan, and their leaders and workers were all locals.

This structure has been maintained from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty: officials came from outside, and officials (scribes and Book offices) were local.

Foreign officials were very dark about the local information, and knew nothing about how many acres of land they had and how much they collected.

It is hard for local officials to stay at home for life.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was hard for the officials to gain fame and fortune. Their profession was very narrow, and their way out was much more difficult than that of the Han Dynasty.

In the Han Dynasty, as long as we worked hard, the competent people could rise from county to provincial governor and minister in ten years.

The expropriation of talents in the Han Dynasty is very flexible.

Therefore, I think the Han Dynasty is a two tier system rather than a three level system. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were more and more three levels.

It's like a company's child set, that is, the lower unit is smaller than the upper unit.

The overlapping levels of mother and son can not be too many levels. If too many layers of information go slowly, the order will be slow, and personnel promotion will be slow.

From three and other officials to first class officials, there is not much problem in ten years' rise, and from five to senior officials there are two, three, four and so on.

A good company structure should not have more than three levels.

But this system is not stable, because the supervisors will become a new level, and the Han Dynasty will have more history.

Now there are many vice presidents in the West. In the past twenty years, we seldom see that there are no vice presidents in the company. Vice presidents often add an executive vice president, and vice presidents plus a vice president. Isn't there another level?

From the completion of the Western Han Dynasty system to the gradual destruction, after one hundred and fifty years, the Eastern Han Dynasty has broken down.

The late Western Han Dynasty was a bit ruined but not badly damaged.

From the late nineteenth Century, the West grew rapidly from large enterprises to twentieth Century.

The United States is a newly developed country. The development of coal, iron, oil and other resources and the discovery of new resources have made the United States suddenly appear big enterprises.

At that time, the automobile industry was a leading industry.

The United States was an era from the end of nineteenth Century to the beginning of 1930, and the great recession began in 1930. The recession was also due to the collapse of the bubble.

Therefore, until the early twentieth Century, thousands of thousands of large enterprises were divided into layers, with the configuration of parent company, parent company and branch company.

It was only a hundred years from the original matching to the gradual aging.

It has been aging quite rapidly, and it has gone through two or three times of recession.

In the recession, we need to change the type of leading industries.

Now the United States is changing the leading industry to changing the information industry into biotechnology.

This pformation is in progress, and will develop rapidly in less than a few years.

such

One is what I have just said, there are more and more supervisory personnel, and the officials in charge of officials are more than those in management. Second, the officials have been replaced by generations of personnel, forming a relatively fixed class, that is, the local class monopolizes the class of local power.

That is to say, no longer free to choose, the poor will never choose.

The family of the Eastern Han Dynasty was largely formed by the stratum of the officials.

The open competition in the United States is also gradually declining. In 50s, a large number of expatriates went to the United States, and developed rapidly by learning and ability, but they couldn't get to the management level.

Managers are influenced by a number of dominant ethnic groups - which schools must go, and which companies must be trained - the special interest groups are gradually immobilized and the selection of talents is poor, even if the best people are not in the circle, their rise will be slow.

This phenomenon is so evident in the industrial community, in schools, in the political world.

Let us take a look at the senators and Congressmen of the United States today. They have begun to appear hereditary phenomena. They have served as governors, mayors and councillors in the two or three generations.

The president also has many father and son two generations, southern states have political families, two to three generations of senators, congressmen, governors and so on. This is not a good phenomenon. The consequences of continuing are the privileges of the great family.

We talked about the system from the beginning. No system is sealed, every system is in another large system, so the phenomena presented by every system can be seen everywhere in large scale systems.

From small industrial systems to large national systems, the United States can see the consistency of small systems and large systems.

Analysis of any small system can not forget the big system, but also can see the large system.

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This form is the management mode of the Tang Dynasty. It is the pitional period between the straight line bundle and the superposition of the mother and the child.

A pition is to take a lot of straight lines, pass the structure of the Committee and become a collective leader.

Just now, we talked about the two official titles of the Tang Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty divided the functions of the government into three departments: the central library, the decision-making; the Shang Shu Province, which was responsible for the implementation; and the next province, reviewing the decision and implementation, to see whether there was any difference between decision making and implementation.

Originally, there are three different functions, each with its own functions and powers.

But the separation of work will be too much trouble, so three things must be discussed and finally evolved into three prime ministers.

After the office has been put together, we will pick some other equal chapters to decide.

Later, three people were not enough to find a couple of young people to help them.

This adjustment led to a leader group of collective leadership.

The Tang Dynasty organized a horizontal communication in the early M structure, and the Song Dynasty did not follow.

In the Tang Dynasty, the structure of mother and son overlapped. The structure of Taoism, government and county was basically similar to that of the Han Dynasty. However, there were some officials who wanted to make a double track report. He had to report to the chief executive what he had done, and to report to the central government in charge of the affairs department.

There is a question: who will listen to it? Is the official of the Inland Revenue Department listening to the central Taxation Bureau or the governor? The Tang Dynasty's dual track system may not have been inherited by the Song Dynasty, so it has become a pure M type. Only horizontal links have been established in the upper level.

There was another double track system in the Tang Dynasty.

On the border, some military commanders led by the military commanders were appointed, because they were the military officers in the war field. There were many things that he had no time to ask the central authorities for advice. He needed full power to decide.

So the military chief has his staff.

There is also a civilian official at the local level, with the same local government, military command and civilian officers in charge of everything.

Therefore, the same officer in the Tang Dynasty had two posts, including the title of a civil servant and the title of a military officer, and the two titles were used together.

The two government is not a signboard and two teams, but two signboards and two teams, with a common leader.

Therefore, the overlapping system in the Tang Dynasty is too wasteful.

In contrast, there was no fixed system in the Song Dynasty. There was a common rule, that is, what officials do you do, which do not necessarily allow you to manage anything, but something else.

Specifically, what matters is not necessarily the person with this title.

The advantage is that it is flexible, and the two teams in Tang Dynasty are somewhat inflexible.

The dual structure of the army and the people became stronger and stronger later on.

After the outbreak of an Shi rebellion, the disaster of the town and the separatist warlords, the military power completely swallowed the civil rights.

This reminds me of the first stage of another development: a Westinghouse Electric Company, at its height, from light bulbs, beard knives to nuclear power plants.

Today's Westinghouse electronics company only maintains the operation of the existing power plants, and the rest of the companies are over.

When the Westinghouse flourished, there was a small industry producing semiconductor radios.

Because the production of radio, so the development of CBS, that is, to provide radio programs.

With the gradual development of TV sets and the production of TV shows, the greater the scale.

Later, CBS was bigger than the west house itself.

Life and Time turned out to be sisters, but later Time and life failed to get on TV, and Time magazine was always the leading news magazine in the world.

Time magazine was once very huge, but when the publication of plane wasn't enough, movies and newsreel appeared, so Time combined with Warner Bros.

After that, from newsprint to cartoons, to Disneyland, to the hotel below Disney, Mickey Mouse's toys, clothes and trade marks were bought.

One department in the big system swallowed an elephant.

This is similar to the two systems of the Tang Dynasty, where one set of inflation is too fast, and the other will be completely swallowed up.

After annexation, it is a blessing that we do not know.