Old Textiles Recall The &Nbsp; I Experienced Great Events In The Production Department.

I was assigned to the Textile Science Research Institute after graduating from university in 1958. In November 1969, the Ministry of light industry was spanferred to the three group. As one of the experiences of the textile industry, I deeply realized that the development of our country's textile industry is unprecedented and great achievements.

Several priorities

Promoting the rapid development of the textile industry

After I produced three sets of work in the production department, I deeply appreciated the support and concern of the leaders of the party and the state to the textile industry. I recall that in 1979, the State Economic Commission issued the "urgent notice on effectively ensuring the production of dyestuff, electricity, raw materials, spanportation and so on" needed for the production of light textile industry, that is, the following "priority", namely, the supply of raw materials, dyestuffs and electricity, giving priority to tap the potential, innovation and spanformation, giving priority to infrastructure construction, giving priority to bank loans, giving priority to the introduction of new technologies in foreign exchange, and giving priority to spanportation. These priorities have played a decisive role in the development of the textile industry.

In terms of textile export, besides the quantity, new requirements for quality, variety, color and grade are also put forward. At that time, there were several "priorities" of the central government. In the technological spanformation of the old factory, we equipped with some equipment that could improve the quality of products and increase the variety of colors. Many of these equipment needed to be imported, so the state provided us with foreign exchange to meet the needs of purchasing equipment. In the past, our textiles mainly exported to the former Soviet Union and new democratic countries. Because we earned foreign exchange at that time, in the 60s and 70s of last century, we needed cash and foreign exchange, so we needed to turn to export to capitalist countries.

Against this background, we put forward higher requirements for our textile industry such as variety, quality and delivery date. In this regard, the central government has also given us a lot of policy support. In order to improve product quality and improve product mix, we accelerated the pace of technological spanformation. I remember that when we exported foreign trade, it was mainly "two yarns and two cloth". Later, besides "two gauze two cloth", we also had to produce colored cloth. In order to improve the product's deep processing level, the factory needs to have some new equipment, such as comber and twister, and imported some extra wide looms, new printing and dyeing, finishing equipment, air jet spinning, new spinning equipment, and other shuttleless looms, such as water jet, jet, rapier, projectile loom, flat screen printing, rotary screen printing, dyeing machine, post-processing equipment and so on. These hardware speeds up the pace of enterprise spanformation and provides the possibility for us to produce high-grade and marketable textiles.

Three channels

Understanding foreign trade market demand

In addition, in order to meet the needs of the capitalist countries and understand the international market, we strengthened our research on the international textile market. The Minister of Finance caught this problem very early. In the early 60s of last century, the Ministry sent people to the Hongkong research group. Hongkong Huarun company was also founded by our money minister. Later, we sent investigators to Hongkong Huarun company to understand the situation of the capitalist market. We did some investigation and research there, and bought some samples and samples to provide "eye" for the domestic organization of textile exports.

In addition to sending people to Hongkong, we need to organize two surveys of Canton Fair a year. Because it was planned economy at that time, our textile department was responsible for production only, and the domestic sales department was in charge of the Ministry of Commerce, and the export sales department was responsible for the Ministry of trade and economic cooperation. We are in line with the textile import and export company of the Ministry of trade and economic cooperation, and our products are provided to them for external underwriting. As we can not directly understand the needs of foreign manufacturers, when the textiles import and Export Corporation organized the Canton Fair, we sent people to negotiate with them to understand the needs of the international market. Come back and write a research report to our technicians and designers. This is also a channel for our organization to develop new products.

Another channel is Frankfurt international clothing Expo, organized once a year. When we went there, we were led by an expert from the production department to organize some of the higher level comrades in the export base and the provincial and municipal enterprises. After the investigation comes back, report and convey. Many graphic designers even paint out the new patterns that they see and show them which patterns and prices the market needs. In this way, we can gradually adapt to the needs of the export of the capitalist market. quality We need to develop new products. Due to the need of work, some agencies have been set up, such as product development department, export department, etc.

In the process, in order to better understand the needs of the capitalist market, we established the fashion color association. The fashion color association has played a vital role in expanding our textile exports.

With the deepening of reform and opening up, we must understand circulation as well as production. I once attended a national economic work conference and heard a report by Comrade Zou Jiahua. He thought that we should grasp both production and production in the future. Sale And become a complete cycle. So we began to try our own exports. How can we organize our own exports? Our production division organized 7 spinning companies across the country to fight for foreign ownership. At the Canton Fair, several spinning companies directly engaged in foreign trade negotiations. Now we have done a good job in this regard.

In the early 80s of last century, we learned that Shenzhen could engage in foreign trade and operation. After our research, the Ministry decided to set up a Hualian company in Shenzhen, with 18 provinces and cities involved. Later, fan Secretary of our production department set up a company in Shenzhen. Hualian company enables us to have a window in Shenzhen, which can directly trade with other countries and truly understand it. international market The demand can provide more marketable products, which can raise the selling price and create more foreign exchange for the country.

Eight hours working hours

Five days ahead of schedule in more than ten years

I have been working in the production department for many years, and I also want to say something about the wages of the textile workers. Qian attaches great importance to the life of textile workers. In September 1952, Qian made a report to the Central Committee on the working hours of textile workers. At that time, there were two classes in the textile mill, which worked for 10~12 hours per shift. In the work hour system report, two shifts from 12 hours to three hours 8 hours per day were required.

Qian's report was approved by the central government and soon promoted in our state-run textile mill. It was also popularized in the private textile mill probably in 1953. Our textile workers first implemented a 8 hour working system. This played a crucial role in reducing labor intensity, increasing production and improving labor productivity.

In 1983, due to the needs of domestic and export production development, there was a lot of overtime work in textile mills at that time. We take the Jiujiang cotton mill in Jiangxi as a pilot project, changing the three class into four classes, implementing the four class three operation, that is, increasing the number of workers, stopping people without stopping, workers working for 6 days, and can rest for 2 days. This is actually equivalent to our 5 day working system. For workers, it was more than 10 years ahead of the 5 day working day. At that time, our textile workers thought this was the second emancipation and solved the employment of 300 thousand people.

In addition, we also have a post wage system. In the 50s of last century, the wages of our textile workers were very high, but by the early 80s of last century, the wages of our workers were relatively low compared with other industries. Because we have many wage levels for the truck drivers, there are 15 grades, and the difference is relatively small. So at that time, we proposed that we should work out labor norms first, divide our truck drivers into different levels, and strive for labor wages according to their posts, so as to distribute according to work.

In 1985, the State Council approved our five post wage system. The changes of these labor systems and the formulation of post wage system are jointly organized by the comrades' organization of the labor and wage Department of the production department of our textile department. In addition, in the middle of 80s, in order to solve the problem of labor wages and labor protection, we also established the textile labor association.

Author brief introduction

Cai Zukun, retired cadre of the SASAC retired cadre bureau, served as the director of production coordination division and senior engineer of the Ministry of textile industry.