• <abbr id="ck0wi"><source id="ck0wi"></source></abbr>
    <li id="ck0wi"></li>
  • <li id="ck0wi"><dl id="ck0wi"></dl></li><button id="ck0wi"><input id="ck0wi"></input></button>
  • <abbr id="ck0wi"></abbr>
  • <li id="ck0wi"><dl id="ck0wi"></dl></li>
  • Home >

    General Knowledge Of Highway Freight Pport

    2011/7/29 15:22:00 47

    Road Freight Pportation

    Highway pportation (RoadTransportation) is one of the main modes of modern pportation, and it also constitutes one of the two basic modes of pportation on land.

    It plays an important role in the whole field of pportation and plays a more and more important role.


    At present, the total number of motor vehicles in the world has reached more than 400 million. In the world modern traffic network, the highway line length accounts for 2/3, about 20 million kilometers. The freight volume completed by highway pportation accounts for about 80% of the total freight volume, and the turnover of goods is 10%.

    In some developed countries, highway freight volume and turnover volume are among the best in all kinds of pportation modes. Road pportation has become an indispensable and important part.


    According to the statistics of China traffic Yearbook, the freight volume of China's road pport in 1997 reached 97.7 million tons, and the turnover volume of goods was 5272 billion tons, which was 99.3% and 105.2% respectively in 1996.

    Among them, freight volume is the first among the five modes of pportation.

    By the end of 1997, there were about 4500000 passenger and freight pport vehicles in the country, about 2700000 operators and about 110000000 persons engaged in road pport activities.


    Highway pportation consists of two parts: Highway and vehicle.


    I. characteristics and functions of highway pportation


    Highway pportation is a flexible, simple and convenient mode of pportation. It has greater superiority in railway freight and air pportation in the short distance cargo distribution and operation, especially in the pportation of "door to door".

    Although other modes of pport have their own characteristics and advantages, they rely more or less on road pportation to complete the pport task at the end.

    For example, railway stations, ports and wharves, and air airports can not be separated from highway pportation.


    But road pportation also has certain limitations, such as small load capacity, unsuitable loading heavy goods, large pieces of goods, and not suitable for long-distance pportation; the vibration of vehicles is relatively large in operation, and it is easy to cause accidents of freight damage. At the same time, the pportation cost is higher than that of water pportation and railways.


    Two, the mode of operation of highway pportation.


    Under the market economy condition, the organization forms of highway pportation usually have the following categories.


    (1) public pport industry (CommonCarrier)


    This enterprise specializes in automobile cargo pportation business and serves the whole society.


    1. regular alignment.

    No matter how much cargo is loaded, schedule on a fixed route.


    2. the alignment is irregular.

    Look at the loading condition on the fixed line, send the car to drive.


    3. the fixed area is irregular.

    Send a car in a fixed area according to the cargo needs.


    (two) contract

    pport

    Industry (ContractCarrier)


    Deliver goods according to the contract of carriage signed by both parties.

    Contracts signed with them are generally large industrial and mining enterprises, which are relatively large and stable throughout the year.

    The terms of contract are generally long, short for half a year, one year long, and several years long.

    According to the contract, the shipper guarantees to provide a certain amount of freight, and the carrier guarantees to provide the required capacity.


    (three) self employed pport industry (PrivateOperator)


    Factories, enterprises, and institutions have their own cars, which are generally not for external use to pport their goods and products.


    (four) vehicle freight forwarders (FreightForwarder)


    Neither does it grasp the source of goods nor does it have the means of pportation.

    They act as middlemen to collect goods from shippers, and consign shipping companies to collect fees and commissions.

    Some automobile freight agents specialize in collecting sporadic cargo loads to the cargo owners, and then summarize them as vehicle loads, then ship them to the pport companies by consignment name, and earn the difference between the freight load and the freight.


    Three, road freight


    Highway freight rates are calculated as "ton / Li". There are generally two calculating standards. One is the basic freight rate according to the grade of goods, the other is the basic tariff stipulated by the grade of the road.

    When a pportation route contains two or more grades of highways, the freight rates are calculated on the actual mileage respectively.

    Special roads, such as mountains, riverbeds, and wilderness areas, shall be agreed upon by both sides.


    The highway freight rate is divided into two kinds: Vehicle (FCL) and zero load (LCL). The latter is generally 30-50% higher than the former. According to the regulations of the highway pportation department of our country, a consignment of goods is pported by vehicle at more than two and a half tons, and the vehicle rate is applied. The freight rate of less than two and a half tons is less than truckload.

    For every kilogram of heavy cargo, the volume is over four cubic meters for light weight cargo (or size goods MeasurementCargo).

    The freight charges for light weight goods are calculated according to the approved tonnage of loading vehicles. The light weight cargo of light duty cargo is calculated by volume of its length, width and height, and it is equivalent to a kilogram of four cubic meters.

    In addition, there is a chartered vehicle rate (LumpSumRate), which is calculated on the basis of vehicle operating hours (hours or days).


    Four. Scope of responsibility


    (1) carrier's liability


    The time limit for the liability of the road pport carrier is from the time when the goods are received to the time when the goods are delivered.

    Within this period, the carrier is liable for the loss and damage of the goods.

    However, the carrier is not responsible for the loss or damage of the goods caused by the carrier's liability.

    According to the provisions of highway pportation in China, the carrier is not responsible for the loss of goods caused by the following reasons:


    1. because of human irresistible natural disasters or changes in the nature of the goods and the natural consumption of goods in pit.


    2. the package is intact and the internal short spoiled.


    3. those who are violated by the state decree or regulations shall be seized, disposed of or disposed of by other departments.


    4. consignee overdue withdrawal or refusal to extract

    goods

    And cause mildew and rot.


    5. escort personnel are responsible for keeping the caretakers on the way.


    The compensation price for goods shall be compensated according to the actual loss value.

    If the goods are partially damaged, the amount is reduced according to the damaged goods or by repair cost.


    The time limit for claiming compensation shall not exceed six months from the date of invoicing.

    From the date of filing the claim, the responsible party shall handle it within two months.


    (two) shipper's liability


    The liability of the road pport consignor is basically the same as that of the railway and maritime pportation, mainly including: providing the required quantity of goods on time; providing accurate detailed description of the goods; clearly marked marks; complete packing, suitable for pportation; and paying the freight according to the regulations.

    It is generally stipulated that: if the vehicle is held up or empty due to the shipper's liability, the shipper must bear the cost of delay and no load.


    Five, international road cargo

    pport

    Conventions and agreements


    In order to unify the responsibilities of documents and carriers for highway pport, the European Economic Commission of the United Nations was responsible for drafting the Convention on Contracts for the international carriage of goods by road, or CMR, which was signed in 17 European countries in May 19, 1956.

    There are twelve chapters and fifty-one articles in the Convention, which stipulate in detail the scope of application, the liability of carrier, the signing and fulfilling of contracts, the claim and litigation, and the continuous carrier's performance of contracts.


    In addition, in order to facilitate container joint pport and enable container to pass through the country without authorization, a tariff agreement on containers was concluded between the members of the European Economic Commission of the United Nations in 1956.


    The signatories to the agreement are 21 countries in Europe and 7 countries outside Europe.

    The purpose of the agreement is to allow container duty-free pit across each other. On the basis of this agreement, in accordance with the initiative of the European Economic Commission, the Transport International Routier (TIR) is also concluded. According to the rules, a road pport carrier for a container, such as holding a TIR manual, allows the shipment to arrive at the destination and is sealed by the customs, and it is not subject to inspection, duty payment or deposit.

    The TIR manual is issued by pport groups approved by the governments concerned. They are mostly members of the international highway Federation. They must ensure that their pport companies comply with customs regulations and other rules.

    The official name of the agreement is "customs tariff agreement on International Carriage of goods according to the TIR manual".


    The agreement has been attended by 23 European countries and has been implemented since 1960. Although these conventions and agreements have regional restrictions, they are still important international conventions and agreements for the current state highway pportation, and have a certain impact on the future development of international road pport.

    • Related reading

    Logistics Industry: Good Policy Is Expected To Promote Growth In Performance

    Logistics skills
    |
    2011/7/29 9:36:00
    50

    Limited Goods To Expand &Nbsp; Micro Passenger Light Business Or Usher In Business Opportunities

    Logistics skills
    |
    2011/7/28 17:11:00
    51

    Demand For Logistics Industry Is Booming And Efficiency Is Improved.

    Logistics skills
    |
    2011/7/28 17:09:00
    59

    Eastfax, Creating A New Era Of Paperless Fax In Logistics Industry

    Logistics skills
    |
    2011/7/28 17:08:00
    52

    Shipping Goods Perception Solution Comes Out

    Logistics skills
    |
    2011/7/28 16:56:00
    46
    Read the next article

    Rong Yue Women'S Clothing 2011 Autumn Winter New Product Conference Will Be Held Soon

    Thank you for your concern and support for Loyer.Mod brand, so that Loyer.Mod can get the rapid development of today. We hope that our broad development prospects can provide better ways and profits for your career. To this end, we sincerely invite you to participate in the LOYER.mod2011 autumn and winter new product exhibition booking meeting held in August 15, 2011 to August 27th.

    主站蜘蛛池模板: 91精品国产免费久久国语蜜臀| 免费a级毛视频| 久久精品国产一区二区三| 久久96精品国产| 被三个男人绑着躁我好爽视频| 日韩中文字幕免费观看| 国产四虎精品8848hh| 亚洲片在线观看| 57pao一国产成视频永久免费| 毛片基地看看成人免费| 国产馆在线观看| 后入内射欧美99二区视频 | 交换同学会hd中字| 久久亚洲日韩精品一区二区三区| 韩国一级淫片漂亮老师| 日本乱偷人妻中文字幕在线| 国产精品国产三级国产普通话a| 亚洲国产欧美在线人成北岛玲| 《调教办公室》在线观看| 男女一边摸一边脱视频网站| 在线视频一区二区三区四区 | 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠躁2021a| 伊人久久大香线蕉综合热线| 中文字幕在线观看网站| 精品在线一区二区| 在线观看国产精成人品| 亚洲成a人片在线观看中文app| xxxx日本视频| 日本高清视频网址| 后入内射国产一区二区| av无码精品一区二区三区| 色哟哟在线网站| 女人张开腿让男人插| 亚洲欧美日韩第一页| 欧美人与物另类| 日本xxxx色视频在线播放| 免费永久在线观看黄网站| 91精品国产福利在线观看| 最近中文字幕2018| 四虎成人免费大片在线| 99精品国产成人a∨免费看|