Small And Medium Enterprises In Shanghai Are Difficult To Make Profits.

Recently, the Shanghai investigation team of the National Bureau of statistics and the joint district and county investigation team carried out some small and medium-sized enterprises in Shanghai. Visit investigation To understand the current small and medium-sized enterprises in the city Management condition 。 The survey was conducted in the form of visiting research. A total of 200 SMEs in Pudong New Area, Minhang, Baoshan, Songjiang, Jinshan, Qingpu, Fengxian and Chongming in Shanghai were investigated, involving hardware manufacturing, garment manufacturing, electroplating, automatic instrument manufacturing, Gao Xinke technology, precision instrument manufacturing, automotive supplies manufacturing and sales, and many other industries.

Plight is multiple.

The survey shows that the current small and medium-sized enterprises in Shanghai are facing multiple difficulties and the profit situation is not optimistic. The capital of SMEs is generally tight, financing costs continue to grow, borrowing threshold is high, and difficulty is great; capital tension is affecting the upstream and downstream industry chain, which further worsens the market environment; private financing risks are high, interest is too high, and corporate identity is low. The superposition of "labor shortage" and "social insurance law" has further pushed up the cost of employment, and the price of raw materials has risen sharply and the pressure of competition is enormous.

The survey also showed that the profit growth of SMEs in Shanghai slowed down in the first half of this year, and some enterprises' profits were flat or declining, even facing losses and shutdowns. In Fengxian District, more than half of the respondents' total profits declined or lost in the same period. 18 enterprises in Qingpu surveyed said that the profit margins were squeezed to a certain extent; 28 of the 50 enterprises surveyed in Jinshan District were basically unchanged or reduced, 4 of them were significantly reduced; 5 of the 14 enterprises surveyed in Minhang District increased by 5 year-on-year, 3 were flat, and 6 were reduced; among the 30 enterprises interviewed by Songjiang District, 17 said that the business development was facing difficulties, including the suspension of jobs, half of the enterprises, half of them, and the spanformation of the investors. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Pudong New Area and Chongming also indicated that profits continued to decline, and the profit margins of some enterprises were only within the range of 3%~5%. Margin of loss 。

This year, the central bank has issued a series of anti inflation monetary policies, and the financing pressure of small and medium-sized enterprises. Surge 。 Respondents generally reflected that this year the central bank raised interest rates 3 times and increased bank capital controls, which further pushed up the financing costs and loan difficulties of SMEs.

Increased financing pressure

How difficult is financing for SMEs in Shanghai? The survey shows mainly in the following aspects:

　　 financing cost Sustained growth. Small and medium enterprises have fewer loans and more frequency, and the cost of financing services is higher than that of large enterprises. 40% of the companies surveyed in Qingpu indicated that the cost of financing increased significantly this year. Nearly half of the respondents in Minhang District say that loans from banks are more difficult. The surveyed enterprises in Zhangjiang hi tech park in Pudong New Area reflect that the interest rate of bank loans has increased, and the cost of enterprise loans has reached 11% of the loan amount, and interest rate items must be more than 9%. Baoshan District, a precision machinery manufacturing enterprise official said: "the financial cost is higher and higher, earn 10 yuan, give the bank 4 yuan, for small and medium enterprises, the pressure is too great."

The loan threshold is high and difficult. Respondents generally feel that the current bank credit funds have further concentrated on "big cities, big enterprises, big industries", making the problem of SME loans more prominent. On the other hand, the information of cumbersome and required preparation for SMEs is rather complicated and the audit time is long. Some enterprises even affect the enterprises if they fail to get the funds in time. Operation rhythm 。 Even some of the respondents say they do not care much about the interest rate. Whether they can get loans is the concern of them. If loan funds are not in place, they will seriously affect the survival and development of enterprises.

Tight funds affect the upstream and downstream industry chain, and further worsen the market environment. On the one hand, the shortage of funds in part of the supply units has led to the fact that the original credit sale can now be carried out with money. On the other hand, some enterprises are trying to ease the plight of liquidity shortage by procrastinating raw material payment time. Under the premise of tight money, the form of banker's acceptance is mostly used in enterprise purchase, which also makes the purchasing cost of enterprises increase sharply. Due to the lack of funds and the rising cost of capital use, a series of chain reactions, such as slow arrival, prolonged production cycle, imbalance in production, supply and marketing, and fragmentation of capital chain, have further deteriorated the market environment.

The risk of private financing is too high and interest is too high. The survey also shows that banks are still the main channel of financing for SMEs. Most enterprises do not tend to other financing methods, nor do they agree with private financing. The main reason is that the risk of borrowing is high and interest is higher. Some enterprises say that the cost of private lending is even higher than that of enterprises. {page_break}

High labor cost

At present, the rise in labor costs is hard to digest. The effect of "labor shortage" and "social insurance law" superimposed, further boosting labor costs.

The survey shows that almost all enterprises surveyed reflect the increase in labor costs since the beginning of this year. On the one hand, at the beginning of the year, the emergence of "labor shortage" significantly pushed up the wage level of employees; on the other hand, in April 1st this year, Shanghai raised the minimum wage standard in a comprehensive manner, and implemented the "social insurance law" in July 1st, and the new comprehensive standard of labor insurance in Shanghai will be implemented. Affected by this, labor intensive enterprises and enterprises employing more foreign labor force will greatly increase their labor costs. Two of the respondents said that after the payment of social security payments according to the new standard, the company's social insurance payment is expected to increase by 100~150 yuan per person per month. The enterprises surveyed in Fengxian District indicated that the cost of labor in the first half of the year has risen by 20%~35%.

As for high-tech enterprises, although the number of workers is relatively small, the cost of raising per capita is considerable because of the high cost of employment and the improvement of social security payment standard. According to the prediction of Zhang Jiang high tech park, according to the lower limit salary quota of the new social security policy spanition period, the pension payment for the general external employees will increase 2.6 times, while the high-tech SMEs will basically pay the social insurance according to the upper limit of social insurance to keep the talents of other provinces and cities, and the expenses of the enterprises will be increased by nearly 10 times.

Help and help slow down

Under such circumstances, the small and medium-sized enterprises interviewed urgently need the government to strengthen the implementation of supporting policies and improve the implementation effect.

For example, we should increase support for upgrading and innovating research and development of enterprises. The enterprises surveyed expressed the hope that the government could introduce some measures to improve the operating environment of SMEs. Enterprises with 2/3 in Minhang District hope that the government will provide assistance in financial and tax incentives, such as reducing the tax burden on SMEs, and increasing financial support for enterprises, so as to help enterprises improve their ability to resist risks, speed up spanformation and upgrading, and enhance the competitiveness of SMEs. Many of the enterprises surveyed lack funds and technical support in the process of innovation. Therefore, it is hoped that relevant departments can introduce some supportive measures to help enterprises to drive innovation and promote the sound development of SMEs.

Moreover, more respondents expect the government to ensure the effectiveness of existing policies. The first is to keep the continuity and continuity of the policy. Some enterprises have suggested that the opening year of the "12th Five-Year plan" has been half gone, but the operation rules of some "12th Five-Year" policies have not yet been promulgated. For example, enterprises participating in the "Pudong New Area R & D public service platform" project reflect that subsidies in 2010 are still not in place, and subsidies in 2011 have not been clearly stated. This year, software companies' tax rebate policy is much stricter than in previous years. These bring uncertainty to the business strategy of the enterprise this year and the next few years. Two, we hope that the implementation of policies should be closer to the actual situation of enterprises. Some enterprises have reflected that the implementation of subsidy policy is relatively lagging behind, and can only be put into place in the latter part of the review, hoping to further improve the timeliness and give full play to the role of providing timely help for enterprises. Some enterprises also reflected that at present, the subsidy for high and new achievements spanformation is narrower and the proportion is small (only 2%). The implementation period of the funds is long, and the subsidy plays a limited role. Especially in the current inflation environment, the actual effect of subsidies has been digested by inflation over time. Therefore, enterprises hope that the subsidy policy can be closer to the actual needs of enterprises in terms of operational links, increase efficiency and expand the policy effect.

Small and medium-sized enterprises also hope that relevant departments will relax loan conditions on the one hand and increase loans to SMEs. On the other hand, they hope to simplify loan procedures, enable SMEs to raise funds in time, maintain normal operation of SMEs and expand production.