"Labor Shortage" Attack The Crisis Of Shoe Industrialization As An Opportunity

Last year, a sudden "

What kind of enterprises will face labor shortage?

When labor shortage suddenly comes, is it difficult for every enterprise to find people?

So let's see, why do some employees not want to return to factories after the holidays? The most fundamental thing is not enough money to earn enough money to go abroad. It's better to stay home and earn less money. Let alone the increasing number of factories and factories in the mainland, and wages will not be much less than that in coastal cities, and even more. In this way, everyone will be willing to stay in their hometown to work. They can both care for their families and earn money. Why not?

There are always several problems in the coastal footwear and clothing enterprises which are facing severe shortage of labor.

1, low wages: in 2010, Shenzhen conducted a survey on the wage level of migrant workers, and realized that the actual monthly income of local migrant workers was between 1300 yuan and 1700 yuan. In such a coastal city, such as Shenzhen, the monthly cost of daily life was eliminated, and the surplus money left by migrant workers had been left behind. If there were some arrears of wage employers, it would be even more difficult. At the same time, the wages of migrant workers in the mainland cities were also improving. Taking Hubei Province as an example, the minimum wage in 2010 was raised to 900 yuan in 2010 in recent years, and it is expected to increase to 1000 yuan in 2011.

Who is willing to work in the province under such circumstances?

2, welfare is not good enough: in addition to the wage level is not high enough, the welfare benefits of migrant workers are not well protected. With the continuous improvement of the current social security system, migrant workers are also eager to get more benefits from enterprises, so as to cope with the increasing pressure on their children's education and medical care. While farmers work as a lower social class, it is often difficult to enjoy the welfare protection provided by enterprises, which also increases the pressure on them to work outside the workforce.

3, factory labor is not stable: many factories produce strong and weak seasons. They often reduce workers during the off-season, but lack of work during the peak season. This unstable production state also causes migrant workers to lack a stable working condition. They are all earning money anyway, wherever they are, who gives the high to whom to do, or simply leave.

4, concern for employees is not enough: there is a large number of factories lacking good corporate culture. Apart from simple labor relations, the livelihood care for migrant workers is very weak. They lack incentive mechanism for their vision and lack of guidance for their pressure. They are just busy with increasing production. If they can not feel the care of their families, then they can only choose to leave.

5, the lack of advanced equipment: footwear industry is a labor-intensive industry, requires a large number of skilled workers, so the dependence on human beings is very high, and after all, people are people, have seven emotions and six desires and anger, sorrow and happiness, can not be like a machine like continuous high intensity work, if can not improve the degree of industrial automation through equipment, labor shortage situation, sooner or later will face.

And those who do well in the above aspects, they will not be confused when the labor shortage is coming. Basically, they can guarantee a more stable working group. Even if the local workers are short of labor, they can still guarantee a higher proportion of labor. This is entirely based on the usual efforts of enterprises, and it is always impossible to do so. Those who do not pay attention to migrant workers at ordinary times should jump out of the backward way of employment, implement the "people-oriented" business philosophy, give them protection and hope, and that will naturally keep the hearts of the people.

The pfer of industrial structure is the general trend.

From another point of view, this "labor shortage" spread this year can also be said to be a structural shortage of labor, even if the factory takes the measures of raising wages, but the problem of lack of work may continue in the short run.

An economic blue book released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: analysis and prediction of China's economic situation in 2011 pointed out that during the period from 2004 to 2011, the increment of the working age population in the mainland was decreasing at a rate of 13.6% per year, which led to the frequent occurrence of labor shortage in recent years. At the same time, another social science blue book published in 2011 by the Academy of Social Sciences showed that "after 80" has gradually become the main force of migrant workers, and accounted for 45.6% of the entire rural migrant workers in 2010.

This batch of new generation is different from the previous generation. Their expectation of employment is not only about salary, but also the demand for working hours, environment, development opportunities, living conditions, interpersonal relationships and so on. If enterprises fail to face these problems and try to solve them, it is difficult to retain them.

On the other hand, due to the implementation of the policy of agricultural benefiting from the state and the rapid development of the central and western economy, a large number of migrant workers have been attracted to work in the countryside. On the one hand, there is not much difference between the wage level of the coastal enterprises and the cost of living, and the cost of living has been greatly reduced.

The business of attracting foreign investment has also been increasingly strengthened. It is easy to feel that this trend will become more and more violent from the surge of investment in the central and western provinces, cities and counties. In recent years, many coastal shoe and garment enterprises have been investing in factories in the mainland of China. When we see the enthusiastic attitude of local administrative officials towards investors, it is indeed very flattering. In fact, when these mainland cities attract large enterprises such as Foxconn, strict demands on time, hardware and services are all being done to the satisfaction of the enterprises, so as to show their enthusiasm, efficiency and determination. What is more important is that the mainland government has developed enterprises in the coastal areas.

　　實(shí)際上，從國際上的積極發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來看，產(chǎn)業(yè)集群從發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)向不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移是一種必然的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)連續(xù)三十年高速發(fā)展所創(chuàng)造的奇跡，正是源于全球勞動(dòng)密集型加工業(yè)從發(fā)達(dá)國家向中國這樣的發(fā)展中國家進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)移的結(jié)果，而隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，東部沿海企業(yè)的用工成本自然也水漲船高，那么就會(huì)遵循經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律向中西部落后地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移，再加上國家的政策支持導(dǎo)向，將會(huì)進(jìn)一步加劇這種趨勢(shì)!而對(duì)于身處勞動(dòng)密集型的鞋服企業(yè)而言，必須做好充分應(yīng)對(duì)這場產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移大潮的準(zhǔn)備，更應(yīng)該將這場“用工荒”帶來的危機(jī)視為一種契機(jī)，盡管會(huì)面臨較大的壓力，但是如果能夠趁著這場危機(jī)順勢(shì)推動(dòng)企業(yè)自身的升級(jí)換代，那么必將從根本上構(gòu)建自身的核心競爭力，從而扭轉(zhuǎn)這種不利的經(jīng)營局面!{page_break}

Upgrading supply chain system

For coastal footwear enterprises, the response to this industry pfer is to adjust the original supply chain structure, the core of which is to change from "origin sales" to "selling real estate".

For coastal footwear enterprises, the market competition has become increasingly fierce in recent years, and the trend of consumption is becoming more and more popular. In the current market, international fast fashion brands like ZARA, H&M, GAP and UNIQLO are popular, and they are pferring the factories to the countries and regions with low labor cost in the tide of the global manufacturing industry pfer. On the one hand, they can obtain high profits by reducing the processing cost greatly, on the other hand, they also expand the market in processing areas, speed up the market reaction speed, and also save logistics costs.

This means that the coastal shoe and garment enterprises must adjust their production mode, pform from the original production type to supply chain resource integration, and change from the original "heavy" to the "light". All of the original products are built on the basis of their own factories, and they should integrate various resources to provide products.

The policy of attracting foreign investment can not only build factories on their own, but also make use of the standard factory buildings in the local development zones, so as to make production through leasing equipment. In this way, even if the coastal areas are short of people, they can also make up for them through the factories in the mainland. On the other hand, shoes and clothing enterprises should also strengthen their cooperation with other factories in the mainland, and integrate the idle factory resources in other areas through the way of OEM, while replenish themselves with the external resources when they manufacture their own products, so as to alleviate the pressure they are facing. Although profits will be reduced somewhat, they will reduce investment in fixed assets, raise the speed of market reaction, and will be very beneficial to the efficiency of resource utilization. On the one hand, shoes and clothing enterprises should strengthen the layout of factories in the whole country, shift from the original layout of factories in the coastal areas to the central and western regions, and make full use of the investment in these areas.

Advanced production equipment to reduce dependence on human beings, from the long-term development perspective, with the continuous development of economy, people always need to extricate themselves from heavy manual labor. At the same time, upgrading the industrialization level can also avoid homogenization competition and enhance product competitiveness. Taking Yongsheng Textile Company of Zhejiang as an example, it invested 450 million yuan from Switzerland Lida and Murata in Japan to introduce 24 sets of technology leading spinning lines, which not only can reduce energy consumption and labor cost, but also have advantages in production quality and price. Since the introduction of advanced equipment, the scale of textile production has reached 50 thousand spindles, and the number of enterprises has decreased from more than 500 to 174 now, and the benefits have been greatly improved. In addition, shoes and clothing enterprises should also strengthen their industrial production level through introducing.

From product manufacturing to brand manufacturing

For shoes and clothing enterprises, in order to effectively deal with the essence of "labor shortage", the most fundamental thing is to change the business mode of enterprises and promote the upgrading of enterprises. They jump out of the current product manufacturing at the lowest value chain of "smile curve" and pform into brand manufacturing at the top of the "Smiling Curve", thus changing the passive situation that relies on processed products and low processing fees.

Why do some enterprises run by brand enterprises are not affected by this "labor shortage"? Because their brand added value is high, which can completely cope with the rise of labor costs and the cost of raw materials and accessories, and their brand discourse power is enough to make their digestion and processing costs rise.

Mode, from manufacturing to brand, is also a way to represent the future of China's manufacturing industry. Just like the process experienced by foreign developed countries, at the same time, they are also in the stage of labor-intensive factory development. With the continuous improvement of economic level, those labor-intensive industries have basically shifted to BRIC countries, led by India, Brazil and Russia, and they have continuously upgraded to control core technology, that is, brand and R & D, pforming from a "heavy company" to "light company", expanding their supply chain to the whole world, making full use of the cheap labor resources of developing countries through their strong R & D capability and brand operation ability, so as to get high additional benefits. Changing the business mode is to let these shoe and garment enterprises on the coast jump out of the pure processing type business.

　　所以，要真正有效地應(yīng)對(duì)“用工荒”，這不是用漲工資、給福利這些技術(shù)性手段可以解決的，充其量也只是暫時(shí)地減緩用工的難度，但卻無法從根本上改變整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移的大勢(shì)!那些已經(jīng)建立了一定基礎(chǔ)的鞋服工廠，除了將生產(chǎn)基地盡快向中西部地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移之外，還要盡快構(gòu)建起品牌化的經(jīng)營模式，其實(shí)說白了，為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)“用工荒”?本質(zhì)上還是一個(gè)利益重新分配的問題，以前是沿海企業(yè)能夠給農(nóng)民工提供的工資遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出內(nèi)地，而今是內(nèi)地所能提供的薪資水平也并不比沿海少多少!那么為什么沿海企業(yè)所能提供的不夠多呢?說到底還是企業(yè)的盈利水平不高，再加上近幾年原輔材料價(jià)格又大幅上漲，自然更加難以應(yīng)對(duì)勞動(dòng)力成本上漲的雙重壓力!因此，解決之道就在于必須打造出企業(yè)的自有品牌，并且不斷提升自有品牌的價(jià)值，這樣才能通過附加值的提高來消化

The pressure of rising cost!

　　那么，如何才能有效實(shí)施品牌化經(jīng)營呢?這要從兩個(gè)方面來講，一方面是對(duì)于那些純制造性的企業(yè)，要從現(xiàn)在的OEM模式轉(zhuǎn)為ODM模式，不僅僅是為品牌企業(yè)加工制造產(chǎn)品，而是要強(qiáng)化自身的研發(fā)力量，從而能夠?yàn)槠放破髽I(yè)專業(yè)提供從商品企劃到面料開發(fā)直至加工制造的一整套服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品，在這方面，已經(jīng)有部分制造企業(yè)已經(jīng)開始在組建商品企劃部，希望通過為品牌企業(yè)提供更加符合其市場定位的系列化商品，這樣就能在其客戶心目中建立起專業(yè)化的品牌地位，那么價(jià)值感也就自然得到了提升;另一方面則是對(duì)于擁有自己工廠的品牌企業(yè)，就要強(qiáng)化自身的品牌運(yùn)營水平，從定位、商品、形象、傳播、網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及管理等各方面來提升品牌的整體價(jià)值，強(qiáng)化品牌對(duì)于消費(fèi)者的話語權(quán)，如此方能從容地應(yīng)對(duì)成本的壓力!

In the light of the "demographic dividend" effect of the economic development, Nike has made remarkable achievements in the Chinese market. In the past two years, there has been "UNIQLO", which is an international clothing giant after the ZARA. UNIQLO is a national clothing brand originated from Japan. It sells popular basic leisure apparel in Japan. Its secret lies in its cooperation with the best factories in China. This happened after the great changes in the global garment production layout in 1990s, and as China approached Japan, it became its main supplier. International brands have long been an example for Chinese companies. Nike has always taken the lead.

In fact, this industry pfer has made the competition between enterprises turn from a single link to the whole value chain. Enterprises are changing the entity's factory from "heavy" to "light". On the one hand, they can entrust factories distributed in different places to process on the one hand. On the other hand, they can set up factory processing in the local market, so that the processing links can be embedded in the value chain of the entire enterprise operation, so as to maximize the efficiency of the entire brand operation, thus creating an efficient and lean supply chain with high efficiency, so as to fundamentally solve the "inventory" problem that has been difficult to solve in the industry for many years in OEM.

The "fast fashion" international brand represented by ZARA, H&M and UNIQLO is perfect from every aspect of fashion design, raw material procurement to production and sale. They are like a cold-blooded killer, making profits with amazing efficiency, while most of the local shoe and clothing enterprises are deeply trapped in the quagmire of profit and inventory.

From raw material purchase to product sales, the vast majority of shoe and clothing enterprises in China are similar to these fast fashion brands on the industrial chain structure, but it is hard to keep a close eye on brand operation, which is the core difference between Chinese local brands and international brands.

Therefore, "labor shortage" is a phenomenon, but it is not a most essential problem. This is the stage that the big international brands have experienced in the developed countries. The local shoe and clothing enterprises can only create their own core competence based on the value chain only by constantly enhancing their brand value.