GDP Gold Content Survey: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong Ranks Top Three

Dissolution of GDP trillion Club: 2011 provinces, regions and municipalities GDP gold ranking

In 31 provinces, 23 gross domestic product (GDP) exceeded trillion yuan mark.

In the year 2011, six "trillion big guys" new Jin, the legendary GDP "trillion club" was huge and huge.

Although the number of GDP looks beautiful, it does not reflect the quality of the economy.

China's economic weekly launched this year's "GDP ranking of the provinces, regions and municipalities in Guizhou" (the "happiness index") shows that although the total amount of GDP in Guizhou ranked twenty-sixth, its GDP gold content ranked fifth in the country.

Today, the eastern provinces that have once been riding a dust have slowed down, and the GDP growth rate "west to East and low" has become a new trend.

"Adjusting structure and promoting pformation" has become the key word of economic development in two provinces.

The GDP gold content reflecting the improvement of people's livelihood and the well-being of people's livelihood has become a new index to measure the quality of economic development in various provinces.

"Trillion club" is also the time to say goodbye.

GDP "trillion club" growth history

The GDP data of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in 2011 were announced one after another.

Guangdong became the first member of the 5 trillion yuan club, followed by Jiangsu and Shandong, breaking through 4 trillion yuan.

The expansion of "2 trillion clubs" and "trillions club": with the entry of Sichuan and Liaoning, the number of provinces with GDP reaching 2 trillion yuan increased to 5; the 6 provinces of Guangxi, Jiangxi, Tianjin, Shanxi, Jilin and Chongqing entered the threshold for trillions for the first time.

According to the latest statistics, the number of GDP in China's mainland over 100 billion yuan in 2011 has reached 23.

GDP "trillions club" has formed three echelons: 3 trillion ~5 trillion yuan for the first tier, namely: Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang; 2 trillion to 3 trillion yuan for the second echelons, namely: Henan, Hebei, Liaoning and Sichuan; 1 trillion ~2 trillion yuan for third tier, 6 provinces to join, so that the third tier members grow rapidly, reaching 15, namely: Hunan, Hubei, Shanghai, Hubei, convergence, ",", ",", ",", ",", ",", ",", ",", ",".

Six new upstarts rely mostly on investment.

Analysis of the economic growth of 6 new trillions club members, without exception, investment has become the main force to drive GDP, and their investment growth has been around 30% in 2011.

Tianjin's gross domestic product in 2011 amounted to 1 trillion and 100 billion yuan, and its investment, consumption and export growth were 31.1%, 18.7% and 25.9% respectively.

Among them, the industry pulled the city's economic growth by nearly 10 percentage points, and played an obvious role in supporting the economy.

In 2011, the total industrial output value of Tianjin reached 2 trillion and 100 billion yuan, and the contribution rate of eight dominant industries, such as aerospace, petrochemical and equipment manufacturing, to industrial growth reached 90%. The major projects in this city totaled 1280 items, with a total investment of over 2 trillion and 200 billion yuan, and fixed assets investment increased by 31% to 750 billion yuan.

The development of Shanxi Shanxi also benefited from the three carriages of "investment, consumption, import and export", and the growth rates of the three were 27.3%, 17.6% and 17.4% respectively.

In contrast, investment pull is more obvious.

Equipment manufacturing, building materials industry, food industry and other emerging industries have maintained rapid growth.

The rise of the equipment manufacturing industry is threatening the status of coal and metallurgy in Shanxi.

In 2011, the equipment manufacturing industry in Shanxi increased by 22.2% over the same period last year, which is 4.3 percentage points higher than that of the province's above scale industry, and the contribution rate to the industrial economic growth has reached 6.9%. It has become the third largest driving force behind the coal and metallurgical industry to boost the industrial economic growth of the whole province.

Guangxi has entered a trillion list, which is related to investment and project construction.

In 2011, Guangxi fixed assets investment for the first time exceeded 1 trillion yuan (1 trillion and 20 billion yuan), an increase of 30%.

Among them, the investment for renovation and upgrading was 300 billion yuan, an increase of 35%; private investment was 570 billion yuan, an increase of 40%; the completion of railway construction investment was 30 billion yuan, ranking second in the whole country.

Jiangxi GDP in Jiangxi Province broke through trillion yuan, and investment is also the main growth point.

In recent years, the growth rate of investment in Jiangxi has remained above 25%, ranking the highest in the country.

Investment drives the rapid development of economy and society, such as highway, thermal power installation and airport construction.

Among them, Jingdezhen and Jinggangshan Airport are included in the renovation plan; the main part of Mingyue Mountain airport has been completed, and the terminal has been launched; the Mount Sanqingshan airport has been approved, and construction can start this year.

Under the combined force of the "three carriages", Ji Jilin ranks among the trillions club in 2011.

In 2011, Jilin's total fixed assets investment reached 744 billion 170 million yuan, an increase of 30.3%, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 17.5%. The volume of foreign trade and imports reached 22 billion 50 million dollars, an increase of 30.9%, and doubled in four years.

The strong support of investment and consumption demand has enhanced the endogenous driving force of economic development.

Yu Chongqing just stood on the threshold of "trillions of GDP clubs" with 1 trillion and 1 billion yuan.

The pattern of Chongqing's investment, consumption and import and export coordinated economic growth in 2011 was basically formed.

Among them, the investment increased by 30%, the import and export growth was 140%, and the consumption growth was 18.7%.

The total investment in fixed assets exceeded 700 billion yuan, a record high, and the driving force of economic growth was obvious.

However, where does the huge investment come from?

"One is high domestic accumulation. The two is external large-scale capital, which is attracted by domestic large-scale and cheap labor force.

Over the past 30 years, China's economy has been characterized by excessive capital supply under high capital and high capital conditions, and this excess supply has been solved through internationalization.

Yang Ruilong, President of the school of economics, Renmin University of China (micro-blog) told China Economic Weekly.

Driven by huge investment, the 6 provinces have witnessed rapid economic growth. In 2011, the GDP growth rate reached more than 12%, and Chongqing and Tianjin even reached 16.4%.

Accidental or inevitable?

"This is definitely a regular reflection.

GDP in Chongqing and other 6 provinces is the result of cumulative development over the years. It is also a reflection of regional development conditions and regional scale.

Yang Kaizhong, a professor at Peking University, pointed out to China Economic Weekly.

It is noteworthy that 5 of the 6 provinces are the central and western regions. Their strong economic growth is impressive.

"The middle and western provinces have entered trillions, indicating that the economic growth of the central and western regions has surpassed that of the East.

Over the years, we have been emphasizing the need to speed up the development of the central and western regions. In recent years, the pattern of "fast East and slow West" has begun to change.

Wang Yiming, executive vice president of the Macroeconomic Research Institute of the national development and Reform Commission, said in an interview with China Economic Weekly.

However, when more provinces are stepping into "trillion clubs", their development ideas depend on investment also need to be adjusted.

Through the China Economic Weekly, Yang Ruilong put forward proposals to adjust the train of thought as soon as possible, vigorously promote the strategic pformation of the economic structure, increase the intensity of scientific and technological innovation, adhere to the green environmental protection and reform and opening up so as to avoid a bigger gap between the five years of the eastern coastal areas and the successful pformation of the eastern coastal areas.

Policy tilt achievements of 23 big guys

In 2001, Guangdong completed 10556 billion yuan in GDP and became the first province in the mainland with a total economic volume of over trillion yuan.

At that time, it was only two years since the outbreak of the Asian financial crisis in 1998.

It's year.

In these 1 trillion GDP, the pulling effect of investment is also very obvious.

Guangdong completed a total investment of 354 billion 729 million yuan in fixed assets, an increase of 10.6%.

In contrast, consumption is also steady, and the total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole year is 451 billion 528 million yuan, an increase of 10.9%.

Under the background of the Asian financial crisis and the greater resistance to exports, the expansion of investment and domestic demand in Guangdong has effectively replaced the shortage of exports.

Under the leadership of Guangdong, the first tier of trillion GDP came into being.

In 2002, the GDP of two provinces in Jiangsu and Shandong completed a breakthrough of 1 trillion yuan; two years later, the Zhejiang GDP exceeded 1 trillion yuan.

Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang joined the three powerful economic provinces, expanding the ranks of the first tier members of the trillion GDP to 4 and maintaining their advantages until 2011.

However, "the East is fast and the west is slow" is related to the strategic decision of "Eastern advance".

In the early 80s of last century, in order to expand the national economic strength as soon as possible and to explore the road for reform and opening up, under the guidance of the "two overall situations", the state adopted a strategic decision to "advance in the East" and encouraged the eastern coastal areas to take the lead in development.

The eastern tilt of regional development has promoted the overall level of China's economy to rise rapidly. In the 80s and 90s of last century, the national economy was growing rapidly.

With the rapid development of the East, imbalance and disharmony have also become increasingly prominent.

The economic development gap between the eastern region and the central and western regions has been widening.

Statistics show that from 1978 to 2000, the share of GDP in eastern China increased from 44.1% to 52.8%.

At the same time, the share of central, Western and northeastern parts decreased.

With the continuous expansion of the regional gap in China, the call for quickening the development of the central and western regions is growing. Coordinated development has gradually become the mainstream ideology of policy makers.

The tilt of policy highlights the central government's determination to develop the Midwest.

Since 2000, China has implemented the strategy of developing the western region, revitalizing the old industrial bases such as the northeast and the strategy of the rise of the central region. The policy guidance plans for specific regions and specific provinces have been launched, making the layout of the economic strength of the eastern and western regions changing quietly.

GDP in the central and western parts of the country is getting bigger and larger.

In 2005, GDP trillion Club grew rapidly.

In 2005, Henan and Hebei, Liaoning and Sichuan in 2007, Hunan and Hubei in 2008, Anhui in 2009, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Heilongjiang in 2010.

10 "non Eastern" provinces, together with Shanghai (2006), Beijing and Fujian (2008), took 6 years to form spectacular second and third echelons.

Will the era of "GDP only" end?

Since 2008, the situation has changed further.

Affected by the global financial crisis, Guangdong and other coastal areas began to see the phenomenon of slowing economic growth.

In 2011, the GDP growth rate in Guangdong decreased from 12.8% in 2010 to 10% in Zhejiang, from 11.8% in Zhejiang to 9%, and in Shanghai from 11.2% to 8.2%.

The Yangtze River Delta region has lowered the GDP growth target during the "12th Five-Year" period, and has maintained an average annual growth rate of 8% to 10%.

Jiangsu has adjusted its GDP growth target to 10%, while Shandong has lowered its GDP growth target to 9%, while Zhejiang and Shanghai have adjusted the GDP growth target to 8%.

In fact, Shanghai's GDP growth rate has been lower than 10% for three consecutive years, and even the GDP ranking of district and county leaders has been canceled.

All provinces in this year's GDP growth target formulation, "West High East low" is more obvious.

Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hebei, Shandong and other places this year GDP growth target is lower than 10%.

The overall economic growth in the eastern coastal areas has slowed down, and the development pattern of "slow East and fast West" has already appeared.

From then on, we can see more clearly the new pattern of China's regional economic development.

The old mode of economic development has been somewhat weak, and the eastern coastal areas have begun to accelerate pformation.

"There is a kind of success called retreat."

Retreat is precisely for better entry and layout for the next role.

"The eastern coastal provinces have gone through a period of rapid economic growth, and investment has dropped significantly. The role of the leader in economic growth is changing.

Their next role is to become a leader in changing the way of economic development.

Embodied in the macroeconomic field, is the pformation from "GDP" to "scientific development".

Wang Yiming, executive vice president of the Macroeconomic Research Institute of the national development and Reform Commission, analyzed the China Economic Weekly.

Guangdong, the largest economic province, is still sitting on the top of the table this year. However, the "top brass" is not very stable. The momentum of catching up with Jiangsu is very fast.

Data released by Guangdong Statistical Bureau showed that in 2011, Guangdong's gross domestic product amounted to 5 trillion and 300 billion yuan, an increase of 10%, and the per capita GDP grew by 8%. The average annual exchange rate reached 7819 dollars and entered the level of middle and upper income countries or regions.

In terms of stimulating economic growth, investment in Guangdong has declined and import and export growth has dropped.

Last year, Guangdong fixed assets investment of 1 trillion and 693 billion 311 million yuan, an increase of 17.6%, of which private investment 1 trillion and 5 billion 332 million yuan, an increase of 37%, driven by the overall investment growth of 18.8 percentage points, infrastructure investment 450 billion 820 million yuan, a decrease of 11.1%.

As the largest province of foreign trade, Guangdong's foreign trade and import and export volume totaled 913 billion 480 million US dollars in 2011, an increase of 16.4%, an increase of 12 percentage points.

From the perspective of total economic volume, there is not much difference between Guangdong and Jiangsu, such as "pursuing troops".

In 2011, GDP in Jiangsu was 770 billion 100 million higher than that in 2010 (11%), higher than that in Guangdong (752 billion 700 million) (10%).

Moreover, the index structure of Jiangsu is more comprehensive.

Qu Futian, deputy director of Jiangsu development and Reform Commission, told China Economic Weekly that in 2011, private investment accounted for 65.4% of the Jiangsu's fixed investment growth, while its vitality increased greatly, while foreign trade import and export 539 billion 700 million increased by 15.9%, and foreign trade exports increased by 312 billion 600 million, an increase of 15.6%.

"The pformation and upgrading of Jiangsu is relatively early. The pformation and upgrading mainly rely on the development of new industries and modern service industries. In the past few years, the basic industrial layout has been completed in the process of attracting investment internationalization, and the industrial layout has basically been relatively large, medium and small.

The proportion of Guangdong's traditional industries and low value-added industries is higher than that of Jiangsu, and the pressure of pformation and upgrading is the biggest.

It is entirely possible for Jiangsu to come from behind. "

Yang Ruilong, Dean of Economics School of Renmin University of China, pointed out to China Economic Weekly.

Yang Kaizhong, a professor at Peking University, predicts that in the next 5 years, there will be great changes in China's economic structure. "Jiangsu may replace Guangdong, Shanghai may replace Hongkong, and China's economic center will shift to the Yangtze River Delta."

Qu Futian said to China Economic Weekly, "we have never considered who to go beyond. Next, we will adhere to the requirements of the central government and the provincial government, adhere to scientific development, enhance innovation capability, accelerate economic pformation and upgrading, advance steadily, and promote Jiangsu's" two lead "smoothly and quickly.

In Guangdong's view, Jiangsu's replacement of Guangdong is "sooner or later."

This judgment comes from Wang Yang, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Guangdong provincial Party committee. He said in a speech at the eleven plenary session of the ten CPC Central Committee held in January 3rd this year, the relevant departments estimated that according to the economic growth rate of the two provinces in recent years, Jiangsu should exceed Guangdong in 2017.

Wang Yang said that the stage of Guangdong's rapid economic growth has passed, steady growth will normalize, and pformation and upgrading will become the theme of this year and for some time to come.

"Ensuring the success of pformation and upgrading is the success of the strategy, while keeping the total number of seats unchanged is only a tactical victory.

If we pay too much attention to the total size, we may be able to win temporarily in tactics, but it will delay the timing of pformation and upgrading, and the failure of strategy is a complete failure.

Wang Yang's attitude has been interpreted by scholars as "high hanging no war card". Even Guangdong, which is far ahead of GDP data, has seen the drawbacks of the current GDP, and found the basis of "abandoning war": "the economic development mode of simple pursuit of speed is no longer in line with the reality of Guangdong".

The Guangdong free card looks more like a challenge from a certain angle.

Ending the era of "GDP command" and achieving pformation and upgrading has become the choice of more provinces' economic development.

GDP trillion Club

China's gross domestic product (GDP) exceeds GDP trillion yuan.

GDP has reached trillion, which is considered by many to be a threshold for measuring local GDP, and is also considered as a standard to measure the level of local economic development.

"Two overall situations"

The overall situation is to accelerate the opening up of the eastern coastal areas so that they can develop first. The central and western regions should take account of the overall situation. Another overall situation is that when developing to a certain period, more efforts must be made to help the central and western regions to speed up their development, and the eastern coastal areas should also obey the overall situation.

2011 provinces, regions and municipalities GDP gold ranking

China Economic Weekly reporter Li Yong Beijing reports

In January 17th, the National Bureau of Statistics announced that the total GDP in 2011 amounted to 471564 billion yuan, the growth rate was 9.2%. Although the growth rate has declined compared with that in 2010, China's growth rate is still proud of the world in the context of the European debt crisis, the growth rate of emerging economies and the rising prices.

The rapid growth of GDP does not really plate into the happiness index of the people. There is still a big gap between China and the developed countries in terms of housing, medical care, education and so on.

Marx, chairman of the National People's Congress and President of the academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Cheng Enfu, pointed out that under the premise of scientific development, improving people's livelihood is the starting point and foothold of economic development. Measuring economic development and economic strength is not just a look at GDP indicators. First, we should see how much people earn, living standards, quality of life, and "happiness".

Zhang Xiaode, a professor at National School of Administration, pointed out to the China Economic Weekly that "GDP gold content" should be linked to the national employment rate, the improvement of people's livelihood and the growth of people's well-being.

Gold content: Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong

Guangdong Zhejiang progress fast, Guangxi Anhui retrogression fast

What are the criteria for measuring the value of GDP?

Cheng Enfu believes that "GDP gold content" is basically consistent with "humanized GDP", "happiness index" and "happiness", and its core is "raising the income of residents".

In this regard, according to the calculation method of GDP gold content, the China Economic Research Institute, the think-tank of China Economic Weekly, through a 3 month survey, statistics and calculations, has calculated the GDP per capita disposable income of the provinces and municipalities in the whole country, which is "GDP gold content", and has compiled third "31 provinces, regions and cities GDP gold ranking in 2011" through the latest data released by 31 provinces in China (up to February 22nd).

Data show that in 2011, the happiness index of the 31 provinces in mainland China ranked in the following order: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Chongqing, Chongqing, convergence, China, Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong, Macao, China, Hong Kong, Macao, China, Hong Kong, Macao, China, Hong Kong, Macao, China, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, China, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Jiangxi, Jiangxi, China, Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong, Macao, China, Hong Kong, Macao, China, Hong Kong, Macao, China, Hong Kong, Macao, China, Hong Kong, Macao, China, Guizhou, Hainan, Hainan, Yunnan, Anhui, Jiangxi, China, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, Hainan, China, Guizhou, Hainan, China, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hainan, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, Hainan, China, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, Anhui, Yunnan, Hainan, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan

The data also show that: GDP high provinces, GDP gold ranking is not in the front, many are still very much behind.

In 2011, the top 5 provinces of GDP were Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang and Henan, and the corresponding gold content of GDP ranked third, twenty-first, twenty-fifth, fourth and twenty-fourth respectively.

GDP ranked the top in Jiangsu, Shandong and Henan, and GDP ranked behind gold.

While Guizhou's total GDP ranks twenty-sixth, its GDP gold content ranks fifth in the country.

The GDP gold content ranking in Guangxi and Anhui declined considerably compared with the previous year, falling 8 and 5 positions respectively: Guangxi fell from fifth last year to thirteenth, while Anhui dropped from third to eighth.

On the contrary, Guangdong and Zhejiang ranked higher in GDP gold content. Guangdong rose from eleventh last year to third, rising 8 places. Zhejiang rose from tenth last year to fourth in 2011, rising 6 places.

Wang Yang, Secretary of the Guangdong provincial Party committee, made no mention of GDP in the report made at the two sessions of Guangdong province this year, causing widespread concern in the media. "Focusing on the pformation and upgrading of the economy" seems to be the footnote for the rise of GDP's gold content.

The overall increase in gold content

Pay attention to the quality of growth

China economic weekly statistics found that compared with last year's GDP gold index, the GDP gold index in 2011 increased slightly.

In 2011, the GDP index of gold in Shanghai and Beijing was 0.5547 and 0.5020 respectively, while the two cities in 2010 were 0.4599 and 0.4588 respectively.

Zhang Xiaode, a professor at National School of Administration, told China Economic Weekly that a small increase in the gold content index illustrates the partial optimization of the GDP growth structure.

Since 12th Five-Year, the state has paid more attention to the development of new industries, and its contribution to the economy has been enhanced.

The government has further strengthened the promotion of the people's livelihood industry and expanded domestic demand, and structural quality optimization has played a certain role in improving the gold content.

"But these factors are not the leading factors of China's economic growth. In 2012, structural pformation should be strengthened.

In pursuit of green GDP, efforts are made to improve people's livelihood and the operating environment of small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises.

Local governments have realized the importance of upgrading the quality of GDP.

In his government work report this year, mayor Guo Jinlong of Beijing pointed out that the top two main tasks in 2012 were to expand domestic demand and promote the deep adjustment of industrial structure.

In his report on government work this year, mayor Han Zhengzai of Shanghai put the acceleration of industrial restructuring and upgrading in the first place of the 2012 main tasks.

The improvement of people's livelihood is the most important part in the gold content index of GDP.

Xie Hongguang, deputy director of the National Bureau of statistics, said that in 2011, a number of data on new urban employment, urban and rural residents' income, social security work and affordable housing construction showed positive changes in people's livelihood.

How does GDP contain gold?

Yang Kaizhong, director of the China Regional Economic Research Center of Peking University, provided the corresponding formula: first calculate the "per capita GDP", that is, "local GDP" is divided into "permanent resident population". Then, the "per capita disposable income" is divided into "per capita GDP", and the "unit GDP disposable income ratio" is equivalent to the gold content per capita GDP.

Statistics experts say that per capita disposable income can be approximate. The specific calculation methods are: (urban per capita disposable income + per capita net income of farmers) * the proportion of urban population in the total population = the approximate value of per capita disposable income.

Experts believe that the calculation of the above indicators can be regarded as the gold content per capita GDP or the income of residents.