The Unique Dress And Architectural Culture Of The Salar People

Salar nationality

People's unique clothing and architectural culture

Xunhua County Street Zi Township is regarded as the holy land of salar, and became the birthplace of Salar culture.

Salar and Tibetan, Hui, Han and other ethnic groups live together here, constantly expand their living space, create their homeland known as the "Xishuangbanna" of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau with their hands, and create their own unique national culture.

For the Salar's art of dress, there are few related documents. Most of our interviews are sketchy from folk songs and fragments of historical materials.

The Salar traditional drama "IAO Na" is the only existing folk drama widely distributed in the Salar region. It is mostly performed on the night of the wedding. When it comes to the stage, two people turn over their fur coats. One after another, they pretend to be camels, and another two. One person wears a white robe, and his head is wrapped up by Starr (scarf), his feet wear short boots, the other wears a white sweat shirt, a red belt, a jacket with green jacket, and a head of Tatar, wearing a red cloak.

This drama recalls and tells the difficult journey of the Salar people's migration through the form of dialogue.

From the reminding characteristics of Sara's family and the historical data of clan origin, Sarah's body is strong and strong, its eyes are deep, its nose is high, its eyes are black, its skin is fair and white. It is obviously similar to that of the Central Asian nations.

According to legend, "the camel spring" records: "the Salar ancestors, such as GA Le Mang, AI Mang, and so on, moved from Central Asia Samarkand (now Turkmenistan territory) to Xunhua street to settle down."

It can be seen that the original Salar dress basically retained the dress style of the Central Asian people.

Similar to Mongolian costumes.

This is related to the nomadic living environment of the Salar ancestors.

The scarves are Arabia style because they believe in Islam.

According to historical records, when the Salar ancestors lived in Xunhua in the Yuan Dynasty, their costumes still retained the style of Central Asia. Men wore rolls along the kid's cap, half waist leather boots, and waist red liners.

The woman wore a scarlet silk scarf.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Salar population became more and more, and the art of dress had changed.

According to volume five of Xunhua chronicles, in the first year of the orthodox year, "tune up Liangzhou and pick sand and other places, and suppress the thieves and bacteria".

In the Qing Dynasty, the dress of Salar nationality tended to be Han style.

The portrait of the Salar people in Huangqing Gong Gong Tu is like this: women wear blue trousers, long green skirts, long ankles, and a coat of big pink, with black big collar and wide sleeved long gown, a coat with no knees, a coat with a large collar, a long gown, two sides without slit, a red cloth around the waist, a knot in the right hip, a black trousers on the bottom, black shoes on the feet, and upturned shoes.

Dress change

The head of a Salar woman wears a cover, the clip on her body, and the color of her shoes varies with age.

Under normal circumstances, women's cover heads have three colors: young women wear green heads, symbolizing vigor and vitality.

Middle aged women wear black headed heads, which symbolize calm and steady and sophisticated.

Old women wear white heads, which are simple and natural and pure.

"Clip" (refers to the shoulder shoulder) has the length, the general old woman wears the black sleeveless shoulder, the middle-aged woman wears the blue or the gray sleeveless shoulder, the young woman wears the red or several colors matching the sleeveless shoulder, especially the colored sleeveless shoulders, is dazzling, sighs unceasingly.

The sole of the middle aged and old women is the bottom of the thousand layers. The upper is made of black velvet or cloth. It is a kind of round mouth shoe. The young women wear embroidered shoes. The shape of the shoes is like a boat, the tip of the shoe is warped, the upper and the upper are embroidered with all kinds of flower patterns. The work is fine and the style is novel and beautiful. It is similar to the shoes of the family women in the Qing Dynasty.

As for men's clothing, a song called "Yi Xiu Ma Xiu Er" is sung in this way: "a child's roar", "a child's roar"; a buyer who buys a hat; the head wears a cry; a person who buys a shirt is wearing a cry; he who buys a belt, waits for his waist, buys a shoe, and buys a shoe.

Researchers believe that the official hat, shirt, belt and shoes of this song are the most ideal and fashionable clothes of Salar men.

Here, the so-called "official hat" refers to the official uniform cap of the Republic of China. The "shirt" refers to the use of the cloth made from the city to make a taxi man's clothing. "Shoes" refers to the black high-grade cloth shoes, and the "belt" refers to the silk ribbon.

Later, due to changes in the natural environment and human environment, Salar people gradually "do in Rome as the Romans do". Middle-aged men usually wear a broad jacket, a cloth belt, and a black or white six tooth cap (hexagonal cap), similar to the fox fur cap of the Han nationality.

Feet wear plain cloth shoes.

The Meng Da people in eastern Xunhua wear frighten heat (a leather boots), while the elderly wear white or black long gown. They worship the Darth Dahl at the head of the church when they worship. Young men like to wear white sweat, waist is red cloth or embroidered belt, and their coat is black sleeveless.

Middle aged women wear long clothes with trousers on their feet, and their feet are dressed up with silk spikes and shoe tips.

Mosque building

According to Han Xiulan, deputy county magistrate of Xunhua County, the architecture of Salar mainly includes mosque buildings and residential buildings. The mosque buildings are divided into Chinese traditional eaves, hilltop Han style buildings and Arabia Islamic dome.

The residential buildings are divided into ancient houses and modern houses.

The traditional mosque buildings of the Salar nationality are generally composed of the walls, the gate, the calling house, the worship hall, the north south wing and the enclosure.

The whole building is simple and elegant, with strong material and exquisite workmanship, and contrasts with the surrounding houses.

It is easy to create distinct visual impact, which makes people feel frightening and sacred.

Entering the mosque, the first thing to be seen is the wall facing the mosque gate.

The wall forms a wall, which has the function of blocking the wind and eliminating evil. It is made of square green bricks. The bottom of the wall is the embossed block. The ornaments of the plants are embossed on the sides, and the patterns of pine and peony are carved on the walls.

The gate is also called the archway gate, which is built as a wooden structure. The middle, high, low and four pillars are supported by a log. The roof is carved with bottles, flowers and beasts. The two ends of the ridge are shaped like dragon claws and nose. In the middle of the building, there are two double doors. The door group is hexagonal, and the carved persimmon texture is carved on the side. The door is opened with small doors, and the eaves are decorated with heavy brackets.

"It is easy to see from many ancient mosques' architectural art that the functions played by the mosque affect the entire Salar's world outlook and code of conduct, thus forming the special ethics and life behavior of the Salar people, making the mosque a place of worship for the Salar people, cultivating cradles of the Salar religious talents, spreading the true meaning of religious culture and the ideal place for religious activities."

Han Xiulan, deputy county magistrate of Xunhua County, said.

Residential buildings

According to Han Zhanxiang, a local Salar scholar in Xunhua County, the ancient salads of the Salar nationality are somewhat of a central Asian style, and later absorbed the architectural style of the Han style buildings. The layout of the salads was the flat roofed houses of the courtyard houses and civil structures in northern China. The walls of the salon were built with closed loess rammed squares, and the pverse sections of the walls were thick, thin and trapezoid at the bottom. They were modeled on Tibetan customs, placed white stones on the four corners of the walls, and houses were built close to the walls.

Today, the Salar population has changed greatly with the development of the times. The old houses in the past are rare. However, a more complete ancient residence is scattered in Meng Da village.

Tai Zhuang village is placed on the hill slope of the Yellow River's arm, backed by mountain valleys, facing the Tibetan villages across the Yellow River.

The village is built on the slope of the mountain by the mountain potential, and the height is falling down to form a ladder, adjacent to each other, and generally living in a blood group.

As for the construction of fence buildings, Mr. Han Zhanxiang thinks there are two reasons: first, there are few farmland in the village and narrow land; secondly, there are more than Lin Maomu around the village, which is convenient for timber acquisition.

Although there are many vicissitudes of dwellings in dzzhuang village, there are still many architectural relics in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China. The buildings are arranged as Tibetan quadrangles, civil structures, flat roofed houses, two story fences, and the porch walls are closed loess rammed squares. The walls are made of stone and trapezoid walls.

Like the Tibetan custom, the four corners of the dwellings of the dwellings of the dwellings are placed in white stone, the inner courtyard of the courtyard, the livestock trough, and the single door door way.

When the weather is cold and snowy season, dry wood is used to cook food for cooking, dry grass for feeding cattle and sheep, or for heating kang.

It is understood that after the summer harvest, the local women's work is to gather firewood or go to the fields to mow the grass, so as to prepare for the winter fire. In the eyes of the locals, there are many firewood in the house, and the women in the house are big.

To this end, the number of firewood to some extent reflects the social status of women and the virtues of diligence and housekeeping.

In the final analysis, the dwellings of dzhuang village, as an intangible cultural heritage of the original ecology, has important historical value and artistic value in studying the economic, cultural and social life of the Salar people in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and developing the tourism and cultural resources of Xunhua.