National Promotion Of Cotton Production Mechanization Has The Strength

A few days ago, the reporter interviewed Zhou Yali, director of the cotton harvest mechanization research office of the national cotton industry technology system research and development center, a post expert of the mechanical equipment Research Institute of the Xinjiang Academy of agricultural reclamation sciences. He told the reporter that with the increasing planting area of machine picked cotton, the experience of mechanization of cotton flower production is constantly enriched, At present, BINGTUAN has the strength to promote the mechanization of cotton production throughout the country.

It is understood that cotton, as an important economic crop in China, has a planting area of more than 60 million mu in China, but there is little area to realize the whole mechanization of production. In 2011, China's machine picked cotton area was concentrated in Xinjiang, with more than 4 million mu, but less than 20% of the total cotton planting area in Xinjiang, of which 3.86 million mu was in XPCC. At present, in the areas outside Xinjiang, machine picking cotton is basically blank. Agricultural eighth division and Shihezi city's mechanized cotton planting area and the whole process of cotton production mechanization development are in the forefront of XPCC. In 2012, the sown area of cotton in Shihezi Reclamation area was 2.1 million mu, of which the planting area of machine picked cotton was planned to reach 1.86 million mu, accounting for more than 80% of the total cotton planting area.

Zhou Yali told reporters that in April 2011, Shandong Binzhou City of Fujian Province took out a piece of land to start the experiment and demonstration of machine picking cotton, which was the first attempt of machine picking cotton in areas outside Xinjiang. In October 2011, machine picked cotton was successfully demonstrated in Binzhou City. The trial of Binzhou City proves that machine picking cotton is not only suitable for Xinjiang, but also can be popularized in many parts of the country as long as the method is appropriate.

Zhou Yali said that at present, through years of research, researchers from the mechanical equipment Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of agricultural reclamation sciences have summed up obvious advantages of mechanical cotton picking. First, it can reduce the cost and increase the income of gardeners; Second, it can improve the quality of cotton. To be specific, generally speaking, the direct cost of picking cotton twice with machinery is less than 0.5 yuan per kilogram. Taking 350 kg of seed cotton per mu as an example, the cost of mechanical harvesting per mu of land is less than 175 yuan. At present, the cost of picking flowers per mu has exceeded 700 yuan, more than 2 yuan per kilogram, and more than 1.5 yuan per kilogram, One mu of land can save more than 525 yuan, and a five line cotton picker can top 900 to 1440 gardeners. Mechanized harvesting of cotton can also reduce impurities such as "hair", "plastic fiber" and "fiber".

Zhou Yali believed that the "short, dense, early and film" production mode of cotton cultivation in XPCC laid the foundation for high yield of cotton, which was also the result of exploration and experiment of scientific researchers for many years. In those years, when the American cotton picker introduced by XPCC was tested, such problems often appeared. In the same cotton field and with the same cotton picker, some cotton could be harvested clean, while others could not. After repeated experiments, researchers found a rule that the cotton plant height can be harvested clean, while the short cotton harvest is not. It turns out that the uneven loading of the mechanical picking components leads to unstable recovery. After continuous research and repeated experiments, researchers determined that the cotton plant height in Northern Xinjiang was adjusted from 65cm to 75cm, and that in southern Xinjiang was adjusted from 70cm to 80cm. In this way, not only meet the harvesting conditions of cotton picker, but also do not affect the high yield requirements of cotton.

At the same time, Zhou Yali said that judging from the experience of XPCC, the key to the success of the demonstration and promotion of mechanized cotton picking depends on whether the profit distribution of production, acquisition and processing is stable. In the interest distribution chain of cotton farmers, cooperatives and purchasing and processing enterprises, only when the risks are shared can the interests be shared. The good practice of XPCC is to take into account the interests of all parties in the process. Enterprises need to invest in the purchase of new equipment for cotton picking by processing machines, and cotton farmers will give some subsidies to the processing enterprises for the profits saved by planting machine picking cotton. According to the above calculation, machine harvesting can save 1.5 yuan per kilogram of seed cotton per mu of cotton field to produce 350 kg of seed cotton. From this 1.5 yuan, 0.5 yuan is taken out to subsidize processing enterprises. Compared with manual cotton picking, cotton farmers can still save nearly 350 yuan per mu.

For the problems existing in machine picking cotton, Zhou Yali said that farmers should pay attention to management according to the requirements of scientific research personnel, and these problems will be solved easily. One is that the impurity rate (cotton leaves and weeds) of machine picked cotton is slightly higher than that of manual cotton picking. However, as long as the growers make efforts to reduce the weeds in the field, the impurity rate of machine picked cotton can be controlled at a lower level; The second is the problem of machine picked cotton net rate. We should pay attention to the distinction of concepts. The net picking rate is for cotton boll opening. Generally speaking, the net picking rate of machine picked cotton is above 93%, and the highest is 96%; Third, the mechanical harvesting of mixed grade cotton at one time may affect the grade of cotton, but mechanized picking can greatly reduce the cost, which can make up for the loss in this respect.

On October 11, 2011, the national industrial technology system cotton harvest mechanization field observation meeting was held in the Eighth Agricultural Division and Shihezi city. More than 100 experts and researchers from 15 provinces, autonomous regions and cities participated in the meeting. During the exhibition, the participants visited the assembly workshop of self-propelled cotton picker of Guihang Agricultural Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd. in Shihezi City, and understood the working principle of cotton picker in detail; Visited the second cotton processing plant of the 149th regiment and surveyed the modernization Cotton processing Operation of equipment; The field harvesting process of a small three row cotton picker developed jointly by China and foreign countries was observed at the site of cotton picking by 149th regiment machine. After listening to Zhou Yali's introduction of the successful experience of the XPCC, especially the Eighth Agricultural Division, in the whole process of cotton production, the participants said that they should bring back the successful experience of XPCC and popularize the whole process mechanization of cotton production to all parts of the country.