Shenzhen: A City With No Shortage Of Topics

1979-2004: from the "Shenzhen miracle" to "unsustainable" Shenzhen, it seems that there has never been a lack of topics in the 29 years since it pformed from a small fishing village in the South China Sea to the world's leading Chinese reform pioneer.

In the first few years of 29 years, Shenzhen is undoubtedly a sight. After the great discussion of the truth standard in 1978, in July 15, 1979, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council approved the two reports on the implementation of special policies and flexible measures for foreign economic activities by the Guangdong provincial Party committee and the Fujian provincial Party committee, and decided to try the special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen.

Due to its proximity to Hongkong, China's geopolitical advantage of China's opening up to the outside world, Shenzhen is surrounded by Deng Xiaoping's first line of troops in reform and opening up.

The concept of "special economic zone" is actually very simple, that is, policy and economic policy.

Such as tax concessions, mainly corporate income tax 15%, while the rest of the region is 33%.

Shenzhen's proximity to Hongkong and its convenient contacts will benefit from its mature market mechanism and framework.

In governing philosophy, the government does not do too much administrative intervention, but takes the enterprise as the main body.

Xiao Zhijia, deputy director of Shenzhen finance office, introduced.

Over the past 10 years, Shenzhen has created a miracle that it is hard to surpass today: the development of Shenzhen's shipping, logistics and manufacturing industry is developing rapidly with the development of the snake foot industrial zone as the leader of the Investment Promotion Bureau. The slogan "time is money, efficiency is life" is known by the mainland and collected in the Museum of Chinese people's revolution, becoming the cultural coordinates of an era.

The construction speed of International Trade Building or Cetra Building on the first three days is extended to the "Shenzhen speed", which is widely spread.

With the approval of industrial projects under 5 million dollars, the two hard policies to borrow foreign banks and the supporting reforms such as simplifying the investment procedures and improving the level of democratic decision making, Shekou Industrial Zone soon became the most open and vigorous industrial zone in China. At that time, Yuan Geng, who presided over the work of the China Merchants Association, was called the pioneer of reform in parallel with Deng Xiaoping and Shenzhen mayor Liang Xiang.

Also benefiting from the administrative style of "small government and big society", a series of joint-stock enterprises and private enterprises such as China Merchants Bank, Ping An insurance, ZTE, HUAWEI and so on can be born on the relatively free market soil in Shenzhen.

"So far, the government leaders in Shanghai still sigh at the examination of Shenzhen: Why did Shanghai not have two horses (that is, China Merchants Bank CEO Ma Weihua, Ping An insurance CEO Ma Mingzhe)?

Xiao Zhijia said.

In an interview with reporters earlier, Ma Weihua said that China Merchants Bank was the first bank in China to be a shareholder of a corporate entity without a government background. Its establishment and success were all attempts to reform the system.

Although Shekou Industrial Park developer is a state-owned enterprise, it is a Hongkong funded Chinese enterprise with a history of more than 130 years, and its rules of action are mostly from Hongkong.

"Market rather than government" is the gene and power of innovation in Shenzhen SAR.

Experts said.

The rapid development of Shenzhen in the 80s of last century alone in the Chinese market, even in 1992 Deng Xiaoping's South inspection speech, Shenzhen's reform achievements still attract worldwide attention.

But with the rapid rise of Shanghai's Pudong and the Yangtze River Delta, Shenzhen gradually faded out of the leading economic region of China.

By 2002, a name is "Shenzhen, who are you abandoning?"

"Wan Yan" has aroused the whole society's reflection on Shenzhen's situation.

Lieutenant Colonel, who are you abandoning in Shenzhen?

The author of this.

In 2003, Lieutenant Colonel spent 2 hours in conversation with Yu Youjun, who was mayor of Shenzhen, and is currently in Hongkong Asia Weekly.

"From the 90s of last century, Shenzhen's low-key conservatism began to show itself."

Lieutenant commander told reporters.

In his view, the process of economic and social reform in Shenzhen slowed down, and there were many reasons for the low administrative conservatism, such as the administrative system atmosphere after 1989. For example, the preferential policies of the special economic zone were widely copied by the mainland. For example, Hongkong was involved in the financial crisis in 1998, and Shenzhen's economy, especially in the capital market competitiveness, began to be inferior to Shanghai.

But it does not exclude the special features of the Shenzhen Special Administrative Region.

"The new SAR has begun to gather interests from all sides, and some things have become difficult.

In addition, local officials in Shenzhen also formed vested interest groups, and they became less active in the reform, which is the biggest obstacle.

Said lieutenant colonel.

As well as sociologists, there are also local government policy-makers in the Shenzhen crisis.

Beginning in 2002, the relevant leaders of the Shenzhen municipal government expressed Shenzhen's "four unsustainable" issues in public, that is, land and space were difficult to sustain; energy and water resources were difficult to sustain; the supply of human resources under the heavy burden of urban population was difficult to sustain; and the carrying capacity of the environment was difficult to sustain.

Li Hongzhong, Secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Committee of CPC, said in 2004 that many "hard constraints" were forming a "forced mechanism" for the development of Shenzhen.

What is more profound is that with the rapid expansion of Shenzhen's urban economy and the single growth of economy, some social contradictions are highlighted: the proportion of urban population suffering from depression increases year by year, and the sense of belonging of the city is lacking. In 2006, the prevalence rate of mental illness was the highest in the whole country, and the divorce rate was the first in the country. In 2007, Shenzhen's housing price increase led the whole country with 50% folk words.

Is Shenzhen livable?

Are people happy in Shenzhen?

And other issues have never tested this young pioneer city of reform.

When the reform enters the deep water area, a series of social problems will follow, which will make the next comprehensive deepening reform difficult.

2004-2008: searching for the strategic positioning of the country again after 2003 and 2004 years of groping and thinking, Shenzhen's position in the new era began to be clear.

In May 19, 2005, Shenzhen took the lead in putting forward the slogan of "independent innovation oriented city". In early 2006, Shenzhen set the goal of urban development as "establishing a state-level innovative city".

Taking innovation as a breakthrough, it is the consensus of Shenzhen people to reappear Shenzhen's splendor.

During this period, the state-level comprehensive reform pilot projects, including Shanghai Pudong New Area and Tianjin Binhai New Area, have been approved or approved.

By October 2006, Shenzhen decided to revise and revise the Shenzhen master plan (1996-2010). In addition to "effectively breaking through the bottleneck constraints of" unsustainable ", building a harmonious Shenzhen benefit Shenzhen, building a modern international city and national innovative city, Shenzhen explicitly proposed to" actively strive for national level decision-making support, and strive to upgrade Shenzhen's development to the level of national development strategy. "

However, the so-called "national strategic level" which Shenzhen ardently expects has yet to be answered.

In the forefront of the market, the cooperative relationship between Shenzhen and Hongkong has undergone subtle changes.

Lieutenant Colonel introduced that Shenzhen had always wanted to join forces with Hongkong to expand its economic and financial center, but Hongkong responded less.

During the period, the Shenzhen Huanggang port 24 hours customs clearance and the formal implementation of CEPA began to lay the foundation for deep port cooperation.

Before and after 2003, Hongkong gradually saw the strong supporting role of the mainland market to Hongkong. It also urgently needed to find the backstage to help them consolidate the strong position of financial and high-end services to cope with the competition from the financial centers from Shanghai.

As a result, a series of cooperation negotiations between Shenzhen and Hong Kong intensified.

In July 1, 2007, the Shenzhen Hong Kong Western Corridor opened and ran, from the Nanshan Shekou to Hongkong Kowloon and other central urban areas only 1 hours drive.

In August 15th, the Futian port was opened, and the Shenzhen Hong Kong Metro line connects only 30 minutes.

At the end of that year, the draft of Shenzhen's urban master plan (2007-2020) announced that Shenzhen's urban orientation was initially: an innovative comprehensive economic zone, an important central city in Southern China, and an international metropolis jointly developed with Hongkong.

The new opportunity for Shenzhen's development also comes from Guangdong's new round of "emancipating the mind".

The core figure to be mentioned in this discussion is Wang Yang, the current Secretary of the Guangdong provincial Party committee.

Wang Yang, 53 years old, was pferred to Guangdong province by the Secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Committee in 2007. She was called the backbone of the mainland leadership by Hongkong media.

In the near future, Wang Yang launched a new round of great debate on emancipating the mind in Guangdong. There were even reports that Wang Yang seized the central "arrow" and went to Guangdong to look for a breakthrough in political reform.

This speculation is recognized by many experts. "In the context of the rapid pformation of Chinese society and the rapid rise of a world power, the existing regional cooperation programmes are not enough to support the grand vision of the central government. We have not yet obtained the comprehensive reform plan of Shenzhen, or will ultimately bear the touchstone task of the new era of reform from politics to economy, society and culture.

In this sense, the approval of Shenzhen is not lagging behind, but a steady move by the central government under the overall plan. "

Lieutenant Colonel said.

At the meeting of Premier Wen and reporters at the 17th National Congress of the CPC, the premier stressed that this administration will increase the reform in exploring the administrative system, which has attracted the attention of the market.

According to Wang Jiong, in the current stage of economic restructuring, the reform of China's administrative system has been looking for breakthroughs and positive interaction with the economic system reform. As a matter of fact, Shenzhen, Guangdong, which always has reform and innovation tradition, is undoubtedly the best choice.

"In an industrial chain, when your upstream resource elements (such as oil and iron ore) are controlled by others and must be bought at a high price, downstream products (such as sports shoes) are also controlled by the foreign brands and the market, which inevitably leads to the low value-added and high factor consumption of the processing economy mode, which is always at the lowest end of the industrial chain, and is bound to be unsustainable.

This is the predicament of China's economy at present. "

Wang Jiong thinks.

This year, the news of the collapse of thousands of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta has accelerated the urgency of decision makers to consider industrial upgrading.

Wang Yang, the current Secretary of the Guangdong provincial Party committee, also expressed similar concerns at the beginning of his term of office: three to one subsidy, and the two foreign economic models will disappear Guangdong's economic advantage sooner or later.

China's new round of reform has come to an urgent need.

"If the past reforms are incremental reforms and increase the interests of other people on the basis of not touching the interests of other groups, the current reform is the stock reform, which needs to adjust the relative interests of the people.

This will inevitably lead to a great improvement in the difficulty of reform.

The reform of administrative system has become the only way to clear up the roadblocks of reform.

Wang Jiong said.

In fact, as early as 2005, when the first comprehensive reform pilot project was approved in Pudong, Shanghai, the reform of the administrative system was just as desirable.

But the market is disappointed with the achievements of Pudong's administrative system reform over the past three years.

Some experts in Shenzhen say that Shanghai's strong government decision-making style and the large state-owned capital structure are not conducive to Shanghai's development of a relatively democratic culture.

In this regard, 30 years ago, Shenzhen's blank urban structure, immigration culture, and the main body of private economy have given it a better administrative system reform.

It is against this background that in March this year, Shenzhen began drafting some opinions on adhering to reform and opening up, promoting scientific development and striving to build a model city of socialism with Chinese characteristics (hereinafter referred to as the "opinion"). It passed the deliberation in June 6th and released the full text on the 24 day.

Because the document covers many administrative system reform rules, "opinion" is regarded as a programmatic document of Shenzhen's reform in the new era by the Hongkong commentaries.

In May 22nd, Shenzhen released the outline of Shenzhen's recent reform (Draft), and clearly put forward the administrative system reform measures such as introducing competition mechanism within the party, and the image of the new round of reform leaders is coming out.

For this round of reform of the administrative system, Shenzhen research scholar Lieutenant Colonel's feeling is "not optimistic or optimistic".

"Because we can not talk about optimism relative to people's expectations, and we are moving forward relative to Shenzhen, which is more conservative and low-key in the past few years."

"Rather than paying close attention to Shenzhen's image as a pioneer of China's reform, it is better to improve the livability index of Shenzhen city.

The scenery is only relative, and the quality of a city depends on how much the policy favours, but the quality of life of the ordinary people.

The quality of life refers not only to material, such as consumption ability, urban environment, air quality, but also spiritual, safety, comfort, equality and mutual help.

This is what we need most and what we most want to pursue in the future.

Mr. Li, an insurance broker who worked in Shenzhen for more than ten years, said.

He linked the 29 year reform history of Shenzhen. In 1979, Deng Xiaoping searched for a breakthrough in reform and opening up. Shenzhen, a small fishing village near the South China Sea, was designated as the first special economic zone because of its geographical advantages adjacent to Hongkong.

Xiamen, Zhuhai and Shantou are also listed as special economic zones.

(by 1988, the Hainan special economic zone approved and the number of special economic zones finally increased to 5) in January 1984, Deng Xiaoping inspected Shenzhen.